The Experts below are selected from a list of 483 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Mizuma Yoko - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Parcs publics et paysagisme au Japon entre le milieu du xixe siècle et le début du xxe siècle
    'OpenEdition', 2020
    Co-Authors: Mizuma Yoko
    Abstract:

    L’ouverture du pays à la révolution de Meiji en 1686 fut un moment de grand bouleversement dans l’histoire des jardins au Japon. À ce moment-là, le modèle du jardin japonais se diversifie sous l’influence occidentale. Cette évolution fut renforcée et accélérée par une composante urbaine nouvelle, introduite de l’extérieur, le « parc public ». C’est autour des concepts de « parc public » et « d’occidentalisation du style de jardin » que l’école japonaise de paysagisme imagina et conçu un nouveau type de parcs. Deux écoles, inspirées par deux pays européens différents, jouèrent un rôle clé : l’une, l’école de Seiroku Honda (1866-1952), fondée sur la sylviculture, inspirée de l’école allemande, et l’autre, l’école de Hayato Fukuba (1856-1921), fondée sur l’horticulture ornementale, influencée par l’école française. À travers l’histoire du développement de la notion de parc public et de trois réalisations de parcs et jardins au début de xxe siècle, nous pouvons apercevoir comment ces deux écoles ont stimulé le développement d’un nouveau paysagisme au japon.The opening up of the country at the time of the Meiji Revolution in 1686 was a time of great change in the history of gardens in Japan. At that time the model of the Japanese garden became more diverse under Western influence. This evolution was heightened and accelerated by a new urban component, introduced from outside, that of the “public park”. It is around the concepts of the “public park” and “of the Westernisation of the garden style” that the Japanese school of landscape architecture imagined and designed a new type of park. Two schools inspired by two different European countries, played a key role : one, the Seiroku Honda school (1866-1952), founded on silviculture, inspired by the German school, and the other, the Hayato Fukuba school (1856-1921), founded on ornamental horticulture, influenced by the French school. Through the history of the development of the concept of the public park and the examples of three parks and gardens created at the beginning of the 20th century, it is possible to understand how these two schools stimulated the development of a new form of landscape architecture in Japan

  • Le parc public au Japon : une forme paysagère hybride -Les apports de l’école française de paysage-
    HAL CCSD, 2017
    Co-Authors: Mizuma Yoko
    Abstract:

    Subsequent to the 1868 Meiji Revolution, the opening of the country was a time of great change in urban planning and in the art of the garden in Japan. Under influences from the West, the layout of towns and the model of the Japanese garden were both diversified and this development was reinforced and accelerated by a new element in the urban space, introduced from abroad, the « public park ».Two schools of landscaping were pioneers in this trend: the Seiroku Honda school, established at the Imperial University in Tokyo, and the Hayato Fukuba school based in the Shinjuku Gyoen Imperial Garden. The two founders did not share the same philosophy of landscaping: the former was founded on forestry and on town and country planning, inspired by theories developed in Germany, and the latter was based on examples of horticulture and garden design from France: the treatise by Edouard André, “General Treatise on the Composition of Parks and Gardens” (Traité général de la composition des parcs et jardins), published in 1879, in particular, exerted a clear influence.In the present thesis, I will defend the hypothesis that a new type of space appeared: the public park, evolving from the principle achievements of the two schools during the opening up of the country in 1868 and until the 1930s. Using the “comparatist” method, I retrace the traditions of garden design in Japan and in France informed by the study of projects for public parks and gardens in France during the Second Empire, where the French school of landscaping flourished (Parc des Buttes-Chaumont, Parc Montsouris, Square des Batignolles), and I analyse the characteristics of the parks and gardens laid out by the two pioneer landscape gardeners and their followers (Shinjuku Gyoen, Hibiya Park, Hamachô Park, Narita-san Park). I also research the training for landscape gardening and the formats used for transfer of knowledge among horticulturalists.My research covers both historical and practical aspects. I use the methods of the historian for the consultation of archives and for documentary research; the methods of a landscape gardener for the techniques of surveying and the interpretation of projects. Analysing both French and Japanese parks from various thematic standpoints (paths, planting, water features, project management and layout), I demonstrate the influence of the French school of landscaping on the development of the public park in Japan. I reserve an important place to iconography and to graphics analysis, often hitherto unpublished. Finally, my thesis presents new elements concerning the effects in Japan, in this largely unexplored domain, of the art of gardening in its relation to the public parkEn 1868, l’ouverture du pays avec la révolution de Meiji fut un moment de grand bouleversement dans l’histoire de l’urbanisme et de l’art des jardins au Japon. Sous les influences occidentales, la composition urbaine et le modèle du jardin japonais se diversifièrent et cette évolution fut renforcée et accélérée par une composante urbaine nouvelle, introduite de l’extérieur, le « parc public ».Deux écoles du paysage jouèrent un rôle pionnier dans ce courant : l’école de Honda Seiroku établie à l’université impériale de Tokyo, et celle de Fukuba Hayato basée dans un jardin impérial, Shinjuku Gyoen. Les deux fondateurs n’avaient pas exactement la même philosophie sur le paysage : celle du premier était fondée sur la sylviculture et l’aménagement du territoire inspirée des théories développées en Allemagne et celle du second s’appuyait sur l’horticulture et l’art des jardins inspirés de la France ; le traité d’Edouard André, Traité général de la composition des parcs et jardins, publié en 1879, en particulier, joua un rôle important.Dans cette thèse, nous nous sommes attachée à démontrer méthodiquement cette hypothèse d’apparition d’un nouveau type d’espace, le jardin public, à partir des réalisations principales de ces deux écoles, de l’ouverture du pays en 1868, jusqu’aux années 1930. En nous appuyant sur la méthode du « comparatisme », nous avons retracé les traditions de l’art des jardins au Japon et en France. Nous avons étudié les projets de parcs et jardins publics réalisés en France sous le Second Empire où s’épanouit l’école française du paysage (Parc des Buttes-Chaumont, Parc Montsouris, Square des Batignolles), et analysé les caractéristiques des parcs et jardins réalisés par les deux paysagistes pionniers et leurs disciples (Shinjuku Gyoen, Parc Hibiya, Parc Hamachô, Parc Narita-san). Nous nous sommes également penchée sur la formation des paysagistes et les supports de diffusion du savoir dans le monde horticole.Le travail que nous avons effectué a une dimension à la fois historique et pratique. Nous avons mis en œuvre les méthodes de l’historien pour le travail en archives et la recherche documentaire, du paysagiste pour les techniques de relevé ou la lecture de projet. En analysant ces parcs français et japonais, à travers plusieurs thèmes (allée, plantation, pièce d’eau, démarche de projet et composition spatiale), nous avons montré le rôle joué par l’école française de paysage sur le développement du parc public au Japon. Nous avons accordé à l’iconographie et aux analyses graphiques, souvent inédites, une place importante. Enfin, cette thèse apporte des éléments nouveaux sur les effets de l’ouverture du Japon, dans un domaine jusqu’alors peu exploré, l’art des jardins dans sa relation au parc publi

  • The public Park in Japan : a hybrid landscape form -The contribution of the French school of landscape-
    2017
    Co-Authors: Mizuma Yoko
    Abstract:

    En 1868, l’ouverture du pays avec la révolution de Meiji fut un moment de grand bouleversement dans l’histoire de l’urbanisme et de l’art des jardins au Japon. Sous les influences occidentales, la composition urbaine et le modèle du jardin japonais se diversifièrent et cette évolution fut renforcée et accélérée par une composante urbaine nouvelle, introduite de l’extérieur, le « parc public ».Deux écoles du paysage jouèrent un rôle pionnier dans ce courant : l’école de Honda Seiroku établie à l’université impériale de Tokyo, et celle de Fukuba Hayato basée dans un jardin impérial, Shinjuku Gyoen. Les deux fondateurs n’avaient pas exactement la même philosophie sur le paysage : celle du premier était fondée sur la sylviculture et l’aménagement du territoire inspirée des théories développées en Allemagne et celle du second s’appuyait sur l’horticulture et l’art des jardins inspirés de la France ; le traité d’Edouard André, Traité général de la composition des parcs et jardins, publié en 1879, en particulier, joua un rôle important.Dans cette thèse, nous nous sommes attachée à démontrer méthodiquement cette hypothèse d’apparition d’un nouveau type d’espace, le jardin public, à partir des réalisations principales de ces deux écoles, de l’ouverture du pays en 1868, jusqu’aux années 1930. En nous appuyant sur la méthode du « comparatisme », nous avons retracé les traditions de l’art des jardins au Japon et en France. Nous avons étudié les projets de parcs et jardins publics réalisés en France sous le Second Empire où s’épanouit l’école française du paysage (Parc des Buttes-Chaumont, Parc Montsouris, Square des Batignolles), et analysé les caractéristiques des parcs et jardins réalisés par les deux paysagistes pionniers et leurs disciples (Shinjuku Gyoen, Parc Hibiya, Parc Hamachô, Parc Narita-san). Nous nous sommes également penchée sur la formation des paysagistes et les supports de diffusion du savoir dans le monde horticole.Le travail que nous avons effectué a une dimension à la fois historique et pratique. Nous avons mis en œuvre les méthodes de l’historien pour le travail en archives et la recherche documentaire, du paysagiste pour les techniques de relevé ou la lecture de projet. En analysant ces parcs français et japonais, à travers plusieurs thèmes (allée, plantation, pièce d’eau, démarche de projet et composition spatiale), nous avons montré le rôle joué par l’école française de paysage sur le développement du parc public au Japon. Nous avons accordé à l’iconographie et aux analyses graphiques, souvent inédites, une place importante. Enfin, cette thèse apporte des éléments nouveaux sur les effets de l’ouverture du Japon, dans un domaine jusqu’alors peu exploré, l’art des jardins dans sa relation au parc publicSubsequent to the 1868 Meiji Revolution, the opening of the country was a time of great change in urban planning and in the art of the garden in Japan. Under influences from the West, the layout of towns and the model of the Japanese garden were both diversified and this development was reinforced and accelerated by a new element in the urban space, introduced from abroad, the « public park ».Two schools of landscaping were pioneers in this trend: the Seiroku Honda school, established at the Imperial University in Tokyo, and the Hayato Fukuba school based in the Shinjuku Gyoen Imperial Garden. The two founders did not share the same philosophy of landscaping: the former was founded on forestry and on town and country planning, inspired by theories developed in Germany, and the latter was based on examples of horticulture and garden design from France: the treatise by Edouard André, “General Treatise on the Composition of Parks and Gardens” (Traité général de la composition des parcs et jardins), published in 1879, in particular, exerted a clear influence.In the present thesis, I will defend the hypothesis that a new type of space appeared: the public park, evolving from the principle achievements of the two schools during the opening up of the country in 1868 and until the 1930s. Using the “comparatist” method, I retrace the traditions of garden design in Japan and in France informed by the study of projects for public parks and gardens in France during the Second Empire, where the French school of landscaping flourished (Parc des Buttes-Chaumont, Parc Montsouris, Square des Batignolles), and I analyse the characteristics of the parks and gardens laid out by the two pioneer landscape gardeners and their followers (Shinjuku Gyoen, Hibiya Park, Hamachô Park, Narita-san Park). I also research the training for landscape gardening and the formats used for transfer of knowledge among horticulturalists.My research covers both historical and practical aspects. I use the methods of the historian for the consultation of archives and for documentary research; the methods of a landscape gardener for the techniques of surveying and the interpretation of projects. Analysing both French and Japanese parks from various thematic standpoints (paths, planting, water features, project management and layout), I demonstrate the influence of the French school of landscaping on the development of the public park in Japan. I reserve an important place to iconography and to graphics analysis, often hitherto unpublished. Finally, my thesis presents new elements concerning the effects in Japan, in this largely unexplored domain, of the art of gardening in its relation to the public par

Yoko Mizuma - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Parcs publics et paysagisme au Japon entre le milieu du xixe siècle et le début du xxe siècle
    'OpenEdition', 2015
    Co-Authors: Yoko Mizuma
    Abstract:

    The opening up of the country at the time of the Meiji Revolution in 1686 was a time of great change in the history of gardens in Japan. At that time the model of the Japanese garden became more diverse under Western influence. This evolution was heightened and accelerated by a new urban component, introduced from outside, that of the “public park”. It is around the concepts of the “public park” and “of the Westernisation of the garden style” that the Japanese school of landscape architecture imagined and designed a new type of park. Two schools inspired by two different European countries, played a key role : one, the Seiroku Honda school (1866-1952), founded on silviculture, inspired by the German school, and the other, the Hayato Fukuba school (1856-1921), founded on ornamental horticulture, influenced by the French school. Through the history of the development of the concept of the public park and the examples of three parks and gardens created at the beginning of the 20th century, it is possible to understand how these two schools stimulated the development of a new form of landscape architecture in Japan

Souyri Pierre-françois - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Le marxisme au Japon, entre émeutes du riz et répression généralisée (1918-1938)
    'OpenEdition', 2021
    Co-Authors: Souyri Pierre-françois
    Abstract:

    Dans les années 1920 et 1930, le marxisme prend racine au Japon avant d’être contraint au silence par la répression. Il produit en ce temps une pensée nouvelle, « moderne » et ouverte, à l’origine de nombreux débats qui traversent la société dans son ensemble. La question de la nature spécifique du capitalisme japonais et donc de la société issue de la révolution de Meiji(1868-1873) devient centrale pour comprendre la nature de la future révolution. En creux, se profile le débat sur la nature « bourgeoise » ou non du mouvement qui met fin au régime féodal des Tokugawa avec un impensé qui est constant : celui de la comparaison avec la Révolution française de 1789. L’article passe en revue les différents apports du marxisme japonais aux sciences sociales et à la compréhension de la société contemporaine.In the 1920s and 1930s, Marxism sets roots in Japan, before it is reduced to silence by oppression. During that time, it becomes the source of a new, “modern” and open school of thought that sparks numerous debates across the whole of the Japanese society. The issue of the peculiar nature of Japan’s capitalism and, as such, of the society established by the Meiji Revolution (1868–1873), has become central to understand the nature of the future Revolution. Underneath that looms the debate about whether the movement that led to the end of the Tokugawa’s feudal regime was of a “bourgeois” nature or not, along with a constant, but silent, issue: comparing it with the French Revolution of 1789. This article will analyse the various inputs from Japan’s Marxism to social sciences and to the understanding of the society of that time

Frank Tibor - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Ein Diener seiner Herren
    'OAPEN Foundation', 2020
    Co-Authors: Frank Tibor
    Abstract:

    The biography of Gustavus G. Zertfi (1820-1892) is the first analytical introduction to the Habsburg secret service in the 1850s and 1860s through the case study of a secret agent. By strange coincidence, it is also a major contribution to the. beginnings. of modem Japanese historiography as Zerffi's The Science of History provided the first basic text for Japanese scholars on modem European history and historians after the Meiji Revolution of 1868. Though. probably the most formidable. secret agent in the ."neo-absolutistic" Habsburg Empire of the mid-19th century, G. G. Zerffi was an obscure and relatively little known figure in his own time. Over a period. of close to 16. years, Zerffi sent some 2,000 numbered intelligent reports to the Habsburg government in Vienna from Serbia, the Ottoman Empire, Paris, and, mainly, from London (1849-1865). The. biography serves as an introduction to all the available secret reports by Zerffi collected from Austrian and, to a smaller extent, Russian archives, publishing them in the Get-man original as an appendix of his work. Through the life and activities. of one particular figure the book opens up. several chapters of 19th century Europe, Britain, and Japan and contributes significantly to the understanding of the Revolutions of 1848-1849 and. their dreadful suppression in the whole continent of Europe. It provides particularly new insight in the working and methods of authoritarian, "pre-dictatorial" Central and East. European secret police systems, censorship, and thought control. All over Europe the police preferred to use highly qualified agents. with, the knowledge of several languages, as well as the history and culture of many regions in order to collect reliable and. varied information. This. in turn was used by the governments to maintain their control over practically the whole of the European continent in much of the 1850s and 1860s.. Several of these well paid police. agents were. prominent professionals such as G. G. Zerffi who came to be one of the founders and first chairmen of the Royal Historical Society in London. It was in this capacity that he contributed to the humanities in Britain as well as to the rise of modem Japanese historiography. This is the first book to provide a thorough introduction to G. G. Zerffi's basically unknown British scholarship from the late 1860s through the early 1890s. A relevant and topical contribution to the understanding of the nature and making of Central and East European autocracies in the mid-19th century, the book will also help the reader to assess the prehistory and early development of modem dictatorial systems in the region. Most of the book is based on primary sources scattered all over Europe in dozens of archives in Vienna, Budapest, London, Moscow, Amsterdam, and Bonn.Die Tätigkeit des österreichischen Geheimagenten Gustav G. Zerffi (1820-1892) erlaubt eine neuartige Darstellung des Polizeisystems des Neoabsolutismus. Der zweisprachige ungarische Journalist, der später zum Spion wurde, machte eine spektakuläre Karriere. Nach dem ungarischen Freiheitskampf hatte er die Aufgabe, Beziehungen zu den Anführern der internationalen politischen Emigration in der Türkei, Frankreich und England zu knüpfen. Er stand mit Lajos Kossuth, Karl Marx und Gottfried Kinkel in direkter Verbindung und war Sekretär des Deutschen Nationalvereins in London. In seinen fast 2000 Geheimberichten an den jeweiligen Innen- und Polizeiminister über die Pläne und Aktionen der ungarischen und internationalen Revolutionären Emigrationsszene zeigt er sich nicht nur als eifriger Beobachter und Informant, sondern auch als Werkzeug der zielbewussten Zersetzung der Emigration "von innen her". Vom Geheimdienst entlassen, wirkte der hochbegabte Zerffi dann fast drei Jahrzehnte in London als Historiker

  • Ein Diener seiner Herren
    2026
    Co-Authors: Frank Tibor
    Abstract:

    The biography of Gustavus G. Zertfi (1820-1892) is the first analytical introduction to the Habsburg secret service in the 1850s and 1860s through the case study of a secret agent. By strange coincidence, it is also a major contribution to the. beginnings. of modem Japanese historiography as Zerffi's The Science of History provided the first basic text for Japanese scholars on modem European history and historians after the Meiji Revolution of 1868. Though. probably the most formidable. secret agent in the ."neo-absolutistic" Habsburg Empire of the mid-19th century, G. G. Zerffi was an obscure and relatively little known figure in his own time. Over a period. of close to 16. years, Zerffi sent some 2,000 numbered intelligent reports to the Habsburg government in Vienna from Serbia, the Ottoman Empire, Paris, and, mainly, from London (1849-1865). The. biography serves as an introduction to all the available secret reports by Zerffi collected from Austrian and, to a smaller extent, Russian archives, publishing them in the Get-man original as an appendix of his work. Through the life and activities. of one particular figure the book opens up. several chapters of 19th century Europe, Britain, and Japan and contributes significantly to the understanding of the Revolutions of 1848-1849 and. their dreadful suppression in the whole continent of Europe. It provides particularly new insight in the working and methods of authoritarian, "pre-dictatorial" Central and East. European secret police systems, censorship, and thought control. All over Europe the police preferred to use highly qualified agents. with, the knowledge of several languages, as well as the history and culture of many regions in order to collect reliable and. varied information. This. in turn was used by the governments to maintain their control over practically the whole of the European continent in much of the 1850s and 1860s.. Several of these well paid police. agents were. prominent professionals such as G. G. Zerffi who came to be one of the founders and first chairmen of the Royal Historical Society in London. It was in this capacity that he contributed to the humanities in Britain as well as to the rise of modem Japanese historiography. This is the first book to provide a thorough introduction to G. G. Zerffi's basically unknown British scholarship from the late 1860s through the early 1890s. A relevant and topical contribution to the understanding of the nature and making of Central and East European autocracies in the mid-19th century, the book will also help the reader to assess the prehistory and early development of modem dictatorial systems in the region. Most of the book is based on primary sources scattered all over Europe in dozens of archives in Vienna, Budapest, London, Moscow, Amsterdam, and Bonn

Dostálová Klára - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Hirohito - the fall of the divine myth
    2007
    Co-Authors: Dostálová Klára
    Abstract:

    In the thesis "Hirohito - the Fall of the Divine Myth" an analysis of Emperor Hirohito's New Year's Rescript is presented. The Rescript was made public on January l st 1946 and ended the myth of Emperor Hirohito's divinity. This event goes back to the postwar period in Japanese history when occupation authorities were in charge of democratization reforms. Unlike their process and consequences, the New Year's Rescript goes unnoticed by many although it also contributed to the rebirth of Japan into a modem state. The purpose of this thesis is to present facts leading to the birth of the political myth of the divine character of the Emperor and its usage in the wartime period as well as details conceming the making of the Rescript, comments from Japanese and foreign public and its influence on postwar democratization development in Japan. The story of the divine character of the Japanese Emperor dates back to ancient times. It was created out of necessity to "prove" the antiquity of Japan and her ruler when compared to Chinese culture. In the course of time the story became a powerful political myth used to consolidate the nation in the time of cultural and power encounter with Western countries aťter the Meiji Revolution and mainly as a means of explanation and justification for the expansionary policy set..

  • Hirohito - the fall of the divine myth
    Univerzita Karlova Filozofická fakulta, 2007
    Co-Authors: Dostálová Klára
    Abstract:

    Předložená práce se věnuje otázce císařského prohlášení, kterým se japonský panovník l. l. 1946 zřekl své božské podstaty. Tato problematika spadá do období poválečného vývoje, kdy v japonské společnosti probíhaly demokratizační reformy pod taktovkou spojeneckých okupačních sil. Jejich průběhem a důsledky se zabývá celá řada publikací, Hirohitově novoročnímu výnosu, jenž rovněž k přerodu Japonska v moderní stát přispěl, však není věnována taková pozornost, jaká by mu možná náležela. Cílem předložené práce proto je představení skutečností, které ke vzniku mýtu o božské podstatě japonského panovníka a jeho využívání v době válečného konfliktu vedly, a přiblížení podrobností souvisejících s vytvořením prohlášení, reakcemi světové i domácí veřejnosti a jeho vlivem na poválečný demokratizační proces v Japonsku. Vyprávění o božském původu císařské dynastie existovalo v japonské společnosti již od dob starověku. Vzniklo jako důsledek potřeby "dokázat" v konfrontaci s čínskou kulturou starobylost Japonska a jeho panovnického rodu. S postupem času se z něj stal politický mýtus, jenž byl účelově využíván pro konsolidaci národa v době kulturního a mocenského střetu se západními mocnostmi po revoluci Meidži, a především jako jeden z prostředků pro vysvětlení a ospravedlnění expanzivního politického kursu nastaveného...In the thesis "Hirohito - the Fall of the Divine Myth" an analysis of Emperor Hirohito's New Year's Rescript is presented. The Rescript was made public on January l st 1946 and ended the myth of Emperor Hirohito's divinity. This event goes back to the postwar period in Japanese history when occupation authorities were in charge of democratization reforms. Unlike their process and consequences, the New Year's Rescript goes unnoticed by many although it also contributed to the rebirth of Japan into a modem state. The purpose of this thesis is to present facts leading to the birth of the political myth of the divine character of the Emperor and its usage in the wartime period as well as details conceming the making of the Rescript, comments from Japanese and foreign public and its influence on postwar democratization development in Japan. The story of the divine character of the Japanese Emperor dates back to ancient times. It was created out of necessity to "prove" the antiquity of Japan and her ruler when compared to Chinese culture. In the course of time the story became a powerful political myth used to consolidate the nation in the time of cultural and power encounter with Western countries aťter the Meiji Revolution and mainly as a means of explanation and justification for the expansionary policy set...Ústav Dálného východuInstitute of East Asian StudiesFaculty of ArtsFilozofická fakult