The Experts below are selected from a list of 759 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Chuigen Guo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • flame retardancy and thermal degradation properties of polypropylene wood flour composite modified with aluminum hypophosphite Melamine Cyanurate
    Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 2019
    Co-Authors: Panpan Zhao, Chuigen Guo
    Abstract:

    In this study, aluminum hypophosphite (AP) and Melamine Cyanurate (MCA) were used as flame retardant in polypropylene (PP)/wood flour (WF) composite. The flammability of the PP/WF composites was examined by the limiting oxygen index (LOI), vertical burning test (UL-94) and cone calorimeter test. When the PP/WF composite was loaded with 20% AP/MCA (the mass ratio of AP and MCA was 5: 1), the UL-94 achieved V-0 rating and the LOI was increased to 29.5%. In addition, the flexural strength was increased by about 11.0%. The results of cone calorimeter test revealed that the heat release rate and heat release rate peak of the PP/WF composite with AP/MCA were significantly reduced. The thermal degradation mechanism of PP/WF composites was investigated by thermo-gravimetric analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The results indicate that AP/MCA had the effect of gas-phase and condensed-phase flame retardancy during the combustion and degradation of PP/WF composite. Consequently, a thermal property reinforcing mechanism of the PP/WF composite with AP/MCA was presented.

  • Flame retardancy and thermal degradation properties of polypropylene/wood flour composite modified with aluminum hypophosphite/Melamine Cyanurate
    Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 2018
    Co-Authors: Panpan Zhao, Chuigen Guo
    Abstract:

    In this study, aluminum hypophosphite (AP) and Melamine Cyanurate (MCA) were used as flame retardant in polypropylene (PP)/wood flour (WF) composite. The flammability of the PP/WF composites was examined by the limiting oxygen index (LOI), vertical burning test (UL-94) and cone calorimeter test. When the PP/WF composite was loaded with 20% AP/MCA (the mass ratio of AP and MCA was 5: 1), the UL-94 achieved V-0 rating and the LOI was increased to 29.5%. In addition, the flexural strength was increased by about 11.0%. The results of cone calorimeter test revealed that the heat release rate and heat release rate peak of the PP/WF composite with AP/MCA were significantly reduced. The thermal degradation mechanism of PP/WF composites was investigated by thermo-gravimetric analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The results indicate that AP/MCA had the effect of gas-phase and condensed-phase flame retardancy during the combustion and degradation of PP/WF composite. Consequently, a thermal property reinforcing mechanism of the PP/WF composite with AP/MCA was presented.

  • Synergistic effect between Melamine Cyanurate and a novel flame retardant curing agent containing a caged bicyclic phosphate on flame retardancy and thermal behavior of epoxy resins
    Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 2017
    Co-Authors: Chuigen Guo
    Abstract:

    Abstract A novel curing and flame retardant agent (PEPA-TMA), has been synthesized via 2,6,7- trioxa-l-phosphabicyclo-[2.2.2]-octane-4-methanol (PEPA) to react with trimellitic anhydride (TMA). PEPA-TMA and Melamine Cyanurate (MCA) were combined into epoxy resin (EP) to obtain halogen-free flame retardant epoxy resin composites. The flame retardancy was characterized by limited oxygen index (LOI) and UL-94 testing. The results showed that the incorporation of PEPA-TMA/MCA into EP can improve the flame retardancy relatively. The thermal degradation process was characterized using thermogravimetric analysis/infrared spectrometry (TGA-FTIR). The formed volatilized products on thermal degradation of flame retarded epoxy resin (EP) systems indicated that the volatilized products are mainly phosphine (PH3), carbon dioxide (CO2), water (H2O) and aromatic compounds. The char yield was 33.7% at 800 °C. The morphologies of formed residue chars were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) demonstrating that the most effective amount of phosphorus is 2.5 wt%. The flame retarded mechanism was studied by TGA-FTIR and Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) coupled with the analysis of the char residues.

Katsutoshi Ozawa - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

Panpan Zhao - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • flame retardancy and thermal degradation properties of polypropylene wood flour composite modified with aluminum hypophosphite Melamine Cyanurate
    Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 2019
    Co-Authors: Panpan Zhao, Chuigen Guo
    Abstract:

    In this study, aluminum hypophosphite (AP) and Melamine Cyanurate (MCA) were used as flame retardant in polypropylene (PP)/wood flour (WF) composite. The flammability of the PP/WF composites was examined by the limiting oxygen index (LOI), vertical burning test (UL-94) and cone calorimeter test. When the PP/WF composite was loaded with 20% AP/MCA (the mass ratio of AP and MCA was 5: 1), the UL-94 achieved V-0 rating and the LOI was increased to 29.5%. In addition, the flexural strength was increased by about 11.0%. The results of cone calorimeter test revealed that the heat release rate and heat release rate peak of the PP/WF composite with AP/MCA were significantly reduced. The thermal degradation mechanism of PP/WF composites was investigated by thermo-gravimetric analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The results indicate that AP/MCA had the effect of gas-phase and condensed-phase flame retardancy during the combustion and degradation of PP/WF composite. Consequently, a thermal property reinforcing mechanism of the PP/WF composite with AP/MCA was presented.

  • Flame retardancy and thermal degradation properties of polypropylene/wood flour composite modified with aluminum hypophosphite/Melamine Cyanurate
    Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 2018
    Co-Authors: Panpan Zhao, Chuigen Guo
    Abstract:

    In this study, aluminum hypophosphite (AP) and Melamine Cyanurate (MCA) were used as flame retardant in polypropylene (PP)/wood flour (WF) composite. The flammability of the PP/WF composites was examined by the limiting oxygen index (LOI), vertical burning test (UL-94) and cone calorimeter test. When the PP/WF composite was loaded with 20% AP/MCA (the mass ratio of AP and MCA was 5: 1), the UL-94 achieved V-0 rating and the LOI was increased to 29.5%. In addition, the flexural strength was increased by about 11.0%. The results of cone calorimeter test revealed that the heat release rate and heat release rate peak of the PP/WF composite with AP/MCA were significantly reduced. The thermal degradation mechanism of PP/WF composites was investigated by thermo-gravimetric analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The results indicate that AP/MCA had the effect of gas-phase and condensed-phase flame retardancy during the combustion and degradation of PP/WF composite. Consequently, a thermal property reinforcing mechanism of the PP/WF composite with AP/MCA was presented.

Yoshikatsu Nagasawa - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

Bernhard Schartel - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Dripping and decomposition under fire: Melamine Cyanurate vs. glass fibres in polyamide 6
    Polymer Degradation and Stability, 2020
    Co-Authors: Analice Turski Silva Diniz, Christian Huth, Bernhard Schartel
    Abstract:

    Manipulating the melt dripping of thermoplastics makes a fire scenario more or less dangerous. Yet, a detailed understanding of this phenomenon has remained a question mark in studies of the flammability of plastics. In this work, the individual and collective impacts of additives on the dripping behaviour of polyamide 6 (PA6) were studied. A set of materials compounded with Melamine Cyanurate (MCA) and glass fibre (GF) was investigated. Under UL 94 vertical test conditions, the dripping during first and second ignition was quantified and investigated in detail. The number, size and temperature of the drops were addressed, and the materials and their drops evaluated with respect to such aspects as their averaged molecular weight, thermal decomposition and rheological properties. PA6 with V-2 classification improved to V-0 with the addition of MCA, and achieved HB in the presence of GF. PA6/GF/MCA achieved V-2. Non-flaming drops of PA6/MCA consisted of oligomeric fragments. Flaming drops of PA6/GF showed a more pronounced decomposition of PA6 and an increased GF content. The dripping behaviour of PA6/GF/MCA can be understood as a combination of the influence of both additives. The results showed nicely that dripping under fire is neither a straightforward material property nor a simple additive influence, but the complex response of the material influenced by the interaction and competition of different phenomena.

  • Synergy between Melamine Cyanurate, Melamine polyphosphate and aluminum diethylphosphinate in flame retarded thermoplastic polyurethane
    Polymer Testing, 2019
    Co-Authors: Aleksandra Sut, Rudolf Pfaendner, Elke Metzsch-zilligen, Michael Großhauser, Bernhard Schartel
    Abstract:

    Abstract The multicomponent flame retardant system of Melamine polyphosphate (MPP), Melamine Cyanurate (MC) and aluminum diethylphosphinate (AlPi) is proposed and investigated for thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU). The synergy between those additives and the resulting superior fire performance are discussed. Systematically varied sets of flame retarded TPU with various MPP/MC/AlPi ratios were investigated in terms of fire behavior, pyrolysis products and mechanical properties. The total amount of the additives was always 30 wt.-%. Further, the influence of various AlPi concentrations was investigated. The optimal MPP:MC ratio was determined while keeping the amount of AlPi constant. The combination of 8 wt.-% MPP, 12 wt.-% MC and 10 wt.-% is proposed as the most promising halogen free flame retardant formulation for TPU, because it yielded a reduction in PHRR from 2660 kW/m2 (TPU) to 452 kW/m2 and enabled V-0 classification in the UL 94 test. Combinations of MPP and MC as well a high concentration of AlPi are beneficial for the mechanical properties e.g. tensile strength and elongation at break of the formulations and could be a strong competitor to commercial flame retarded TPUs.

  • flame retardancy mechanisms of aluminium phosphinate in combination with Melamine Cyanurate in glass fibre reinforced poly 1 4 butylene terephthalate
    Macromolecular Materials and Engineering, 2008
    Co-Authors: Ulrike Braun, Bernhard Schartel
    Abstract:

    The flame retardancy mechanisms of aluminium diethylphosphinate (AlPi) and its combination with Melamine Cyanurate (MC) in glass-fibre-reinforced poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT/GF) were analysed using TGA including evolved gas analysis (TGA-FTIR), cone calorimeter measurements using various irradiations, flammability tests (limited oxygen index, LOI, UL 94) and chemical analyses of residues (FTIR, SEM/EDX). AlPi decomposed mainly through the formation of diethylphosphinic acid and aluminium phosphate and influenced the decomposition of the PBT only slightly. AlPi acted mainly through flame inhibition. A halogen-free V-0 PBT/GF material was achieved with a LOI of 44%. Additional charring influenced the flammability. MC decomposed independently of the polymer and showed some fuel dilution effects.

  • Flame retardancy mechanisms of metal phosphinates and metal phosphinates in combination with Melamine Cyanurate in glass‐fiber reinforced poly(1,4‐butylene terephthalate): the influence of metal cation
    Polymers for Advanced Technologies, 2008
    Co-Authors: Ulrike Braun, Horst Bahr, Heinz Sturm, Bernhard Schartel
    Abstract:

    The pyrolysis and fire behavior of glass-fiber reinforced poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT/GF) with two different metal phosphinates as flame retardants in combination with and without Melamine Cyanurate (MC) were analyzed by means of thermogravimetry, thermogravimetry coupled with infrared spectroscopy, flammability, and cone calorimeter tests as well as scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy. In PBT/GF, dosages of 13–20% of the halogen-free flame retardant aluminum phosphinate or aluminum phosphinate in combination with MC fulfill the requirements for electrical engineering and electronics applications (UL 94 = V-0; LOI > 42%), whereas the use of the same amount of zinc phosphinate or zinc phosphinate in combination with MC does not improve the fire behavior satisfactorily (UL 94 = HB; LOI = 27–28%). The performance under forced flaming conditions (cone calorimeter) is quite similar for both of the metal phosphinates. The use of aluminum and zinc salts results in similar flame inhibition predominantly due to the release of the phosphinate compounds in the gas phase. Both metal phosphinates and MC interact with the polymer changing the decomposition characteristics. However, part of the zinc phosphinate vaporizes as a complete molecule. Because of the different decomposition behavior of the metal salts, only the aluminum phosphinate results in a small amount of thermally stable carbonaceous char. In particular, the aluminum phosphinate-terephthalate formed is more stable than the zinc phosphinate-terephthalate. The small amount of char has a crucial effect on the thermal properties and mechanical stability of the residue and thus the flammability. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.