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Francisco Barcelo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • construct validity of the trail making test role of task switching working Memory Inhibition interference control and visuomotor abilities
    Journal of The International Neuropsychological Society, 2009
    Co-Authors: Ignacio Sanchezcubillo, Jose A Perianez, Daniel Adroverroig, Jose Manuel Rodriguezsanchez, Marcos Rioslago, J Tirapu, Francisco Barcelo
    Abstract:

    The aim of this study was to clarify which cognitive mechanisms underlie Trail Making Test (TMT) direct and derived scores . A comprehensive review of the literature on the topic was carried out to clarify which cognitive factors had been related to TMT performance. Following the review, we explored the relative contribution from working Memory, Inhibition/ interference control, task-switching ability, and visuomotor speed to TMT performance. Forty-one healthy old subjects participated in the study and performed a battery of neuropsychological tests including the TMT, the Digit Symbol subtest [Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (Third Version) (WAIS-III)], a Finger Tapping Test, the Digits Forward and Backward subtests (WAIS-III), Stroop Test, and a task-switching paradigm inspired in the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test. Correlation and regression analyses were used in order to clarify the joint and unique contributions from different cognitive factors to the prediction of TMT scores. The results suggest that TMT-A requires mainly visuoperceptual abilities, TMT-B refl ects primarily working Memory and secondarily task-switching ability, while B-A minimizes visuoperceptual and working Memory demands, providing a relatively pure indicator of executive control abilities. ( JINS , 2009, 15 , 438– 450 .)

  • Construct validity of the Trail Making Test: Role of task-switching, working Memory, Inhibition/interference control, and visuomotor abilities
    Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society : JINS, 2009
    Co-Authors: Ignacio Sánchez-cubillo, Jose A Perianez, J Tirapu, Daniel Adrover-roig, José Manuel Rodríguez-sánchez, Marcos Ríos-lago, Francisco Barcelo
    Abstract:

    The aim of this study was to clarify which cognitive mechanisms underlie Trail Making Test (TMT) direct and derived scores. A comprehensive review of the literature on the topic was carried out to clarify which cognitive factors had been related to TMT performance. Following the review, we explored the relative contribution from working Memory, Inhibition/interference control, task-switching ability, and visuomotor speed to TMT performance. Forty-one healthy old subjects participated in the study and performed a battery of neuropsychological tests including the TMT, the Digit Symbol subtest [Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (Third Version) (WAIS-III)], a Finger Tapping Test, the Digits Forward and Backward subtests (WAIS-III), Stroop Test, and a task-switching paradigm inspired in the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test. Correlation and regression analyses were used in order to clarify the joint and unique contributions from different cognitive factors to the prediction of TMT scores. The results suggest that TMT-A requires mainly visuoperceptual abilities, TMT-B reflects primarily working Memory and secondarily task-switching ability, while B-A minimizes visuoperceptual and working Memory demands, providing a relatively pure indicator of executive control abilities.

Jose A Perianez - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • construct validity of the trail making test role of task switching working Memory Inhibition interference control and visuomotor abilities
    Journal of The International Neuropsychological Society, 2009
    Co-Authors: Ignacio Sanchezcubillo, Jose A Perianez, Daniel Adroverroig, Jose Manuel Rodriguezsanchez, Marcos Rioslago, J Tirapu, Francisco Barcelo
    Abstract:

    The aim of this study was to clarify which cognitive mechanisms underlie Trail Making Test (TMT) direct and derived scores . A comprehensive review of the literature on the topic was carried out to clarify which cognitive factors had been related to TMT performance. Following the review, we explored the relative contribution from working Memory, Inhibition/ interference control, task-switching ability, and visuomotor speed to TMT performance. Forty-one healthy old subjects participated in the study and performed a battery of neuropsychological tests including the TMT, the Digit Symbol subtest [Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (Third Version) (WAIS-III)], a Finger Tapping Test, the Digits Forward and Backward subtests (WAIS-III), Stroop Test, and a task-switching paradigm inspired in the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test. Correlation and regression analyses were used in order to clarify the joint and unique contributions from different cognitive factors to the prediction of TMT scores. The results suggest that TMT-A requires mainly visuoperceptual abilities, TMT-B refl ects primarily working Memory and secondarily task-switching ability, while B-A minimizes visuoperceptual and working Memory demands, providing a relatively pure indicator of executive control abilities. ( JINS , 2009, 15 , 438– 450 .)

  • Construct validity of the Trail Making Test: Role of task-switching, working Memory, Inhibition/interference control, and visuomotor abilities
    Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society : JINS, 2009
    Co-Authors: Ignacio Sánchez-cubillo, Jose A Perianez, J Tirapu, Daniel Adrover-roig, José Manuel Rodríguez-sánchez, Marcos Ríos-lago, Francisco Barcelo
    Abstract:

    The aim of this study was to clarify which cognitive mechanisms underlie Trail Making Test (TMT) direct and derived scores. A comprehensive review of the literature on the topic was carried out to clarify which cognitive factors had been related to TMT performance. Following the review, we explored the relative contribution from working Memory, Inhibition/interference control, task-switching ability, and visuomotor speed to TMT performance. Forty-one healthy old subjects participated in the study and performed a battery of neuropsychological tests including the TMT, the Digit Symbol subtest [Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (Third Version) (WAIS-III)], a Finger Tapping Test, the Digits Forward and Backward subtests (WAIS-III), Stroop Test, and a task-switching paradigm inspired in the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test. Correlation and regression analyses were used in order to clarify the joint and unique contributions from different cognitive factors to the prediction of TMT scores. The results suggest that TMT-A requires mainly visuoperceptual abilities, TMT-B reflects primarily working Memory and secondarily task-switching ability, while B-A minimizes visuoperceptual and working Memory demands, providing a relatively pure indicator of executive control abilities.

J Tirapu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • construct validity of the trail making test role of task switching working Memory Inhibition interference control and visuomotor abilities
    Journal of The International Neuropsychological Society, 2009
    Co-Authors: Ignacio Sanchezcubillo, Jose A Perianez, Daniel Adroverroig, Jose Manuel Rodriguezsanchez, Marcos Rioslago, J Tirapu, Francisco Barcelo
    Abstract:

    The aim of this study was to clarify which cognitive mechanisms underlie Trail Making Test (TMT) direct and derived scores . A comprehensive review of the literature on the topic was carried out to clarify which cognitive factors had been related to TMT performance. Following the review, we explored the relative contribution from working Memory, Inhibition/ interference control, task-switching ability, and visuomotor speed to TMT performance. Forty-one healthy old subjects participated in the study and performed a battery of neuropsychological tests including the TMT, the Digit Symbol subtest [Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (Third Version) (WAIS-III)], a Finger Tapping Test, the Digits Forward and Backward subtests (WAIS-III), Stroop Test, and a task-switching paradigm inspired in the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test. Correlation and regression analyses were used in order to clarify the joint and unique contributions from different cognitive factors to the prediction of TMT scores. The results suggest that TMT-A requires mainly visuoperceptual abilities, TMT-B refl ects primarily working Memory and secondarily task-switching ability, while B-A minimizes visuoperceptual and working Memory demands, providing a relatively pure indicator of executive control abilities. ( JINS , 2009, 15 , 438– 450 .)

  • Construct validity of the Trail Making Test: Role of task-switching, working Memory, Inhibition/interference control, and visuomotor abilities
    Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society : JINS, 2009
    Co-Authors: Ignacio Sánchez-cubillo, Jose A Perianez, J Tirapu, Daniel Adrover-roig, José Manuel Rodríguez-sánchez, Marcos Ríos-lago, Francisco Barcelo
    Abstract:

    The aim of this study was to clarify which cognitive mechanisms underlie Trail Making Test (TMT) direct and derived scores. A comprehensive review of the literature on the topic was carried out to clarify which cognitive factors had been related to TMT performance. Following the review, we explored the relative contribution from working Memory, Inhibition/interference control, task-switching ability, and visuomotor speed to TMT performance. Forty-one healthy old subjects participated in the study and performed a battery of neuropsychological tests including the TMT, the Digit Symbol subtest [Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (Third Version) (WAIS-III)], a Finger Tapping Test, the Digits Forward and Backward subtests (WAIS-III), Stroop Test, and a task-switching paradigm inspired in the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test. Correlation and regression analyses were used in order to clarify the joint and unique contributions from different cognitive factors to the prediction of TMT scores. The results suggest that TMT-A requires mainly visuoperceptual abilities, TMT-B reflects primarily working Memory and secondarily task-switching ability, while B-A minimizes visuoperceptual and working Memory demands, providing a relatively pure indicator of executive control abilities.

Anik De Ribaupierre - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • The role of working Memory, Inhibition, and processing speed in text comprehension in children☆
    Learning and Individual Differences, 2014
    Co-Authors: Erika Borella, Anik De Ribaupierre
    Abstract:

    Abstract The aim of the present study was to investigate age-related differences in text comprehension performance in 10- to 12-year-old children, analyzing the joint influence of working Memory (WM), Inhibition-related mechanisms, and processing speed. Children were administered: i) a text comprehension task in which the Memory load was manipulated by allowing them to see the text while answering or withdrawing the text (text-present versus text-absent conditions); and ii) WM, Inhibition and processing speed tasks. Results showed that age-related differences were not significant in the text-present condition, whereas older children performed better than younger ones in the text-absent condition. Regression analyses indicated that only WM accounted for a significant part of the variance in the text-present condition, whereas in the text-absent condition comprehension performance was explained by the combined contribution of WM and resistance to distractor interference. These findings confirm the crucial role of WM capacity in text processing and indicate that specific inhibitory mechanisms are involved in children's text processing when the comprehension task involves Memory load.

  • Age Differences in Text Processing: The Role of Working Memory, Inhibition, and Processing Speed
    The journals of gerontology. Series B Psychological sciences and social sciences, 2011
    Co-Authors: Erika Borella, Paolo Ghisletta, Anik De Ribaupierre
    Abstract:

    Objectives. Age-related changes in the efficiency of various general cognitive mechanisms have been evoked to ac count for age-related differences between young and older adults in text comprehension performance. Using structural equation modeling, we investigate the relationship between age, working Memory (WM), Inhibition-related mechanisms, processing speed, and text comprehension, focusing on surface and text-based levels of processing. Methods. Eighty-nine younger (M = 23.11 years) and 102 older (M = 70.50 years) adults were presented text comprehension, WM, Inhibition, and processing speed tasks. In the text comprehension task, the demand on the Memory system was manipulated, by allowing (text present) or not (text absent) viewing the text during the answering phase. Results. As expected, age differences were larger when the text was absent. The best fitting model showed that WM mediated the influence of age on both text processing conditions, whereas age-related variance in WM was, in turn, accounted for by processing speed and Inhibition. Discussion. These findings confirm the hypothesis that WM capacity explains age differences in text processing, while it is itself accounted for by the efficiency of inhibiting irrelevant information and by speed of processing.

Adele Diamond - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • development of cognitive control and executive functions from 4 to 13 years evidence from manipulations of Memory Inhibition and task switching
    Neuropsychologia, 2006
    Co-Authors: Matthew C Davidson, Dima Amso, Loren Cruess Anderson, Adele Diamond
    Abstract:

    Predictions concerning development, interrelations, and possible independence of working Memory, Inhibition, and cognitive flexibility were tested in 325 participants (roughly 30 per age from 4 to 13 years and young adults; 50% female). All were tested on the same computerized battery, designed to manipulate Memory and Inhibition independently and together, in steady state (single-task blocks) and during task-switching, and to be appropriate over the lifespan and for neuroimaging (fMRI). This is one of the first studies, in children or adults, to explore: (a) how Memory requirements interact with spatial compatibility and (b) spatial incompatibility effects both with stimulus-specific rules (Simon task) and with higher-level, conceptual rules. Even the youngest children could hold information in mind, inhibit a dominant response, and combine those as long as the Inhibition required was steady-state and the rules remained constant. Cognitive flexibility (switching between rules), even with Memory demands minimized, showed a longer developmental progression, with 13-year-olds still not at adult levels. Effects elicited only in Mixed blocks with adults were found in young children even in single-task blocks; while young children could exercise Inhibition in steady state it exacted a cost not seen in adults, who (unlike young children) seemed to re-set their default response when Inhibition of the same tendency was required throughout a block. The costs associated with manipulations of Inhibition were greater in young children while the costs associated with increasing Memory demands were greater in adults. Effects seen only in RT in adults were seen primarily in accuracy in young children. Adults slowed down on difficult trials to preserve accuracy; but the youngest children were impulsive; their RT remained more constant but at an accuracy cost on difficult trials. Contrary to our predictions of independence between Memory and Inhibition, when matched for difficulty RT correlations between these were as high as 0.8, although accuracy correlations were less than half that. Spatial incompatibility effects and global and local switch costs were evident in children and adults, differing only in size. Other effects (e.g., asymmetric switch costs and the interaction of switching rules and switching response-sites) differed fundamentally over age.

  • AB with multiple wells. I: Why are multiple wells sometimes easier than two wells?. II: Memory or Memory + Inhibition?
    Developmental Psychology, 1994
    Co-Authors: Adele Diamond, Lisa Cruttenden, Deborah Neiderman
    Abstract:

    Seventy-two infants of 9 1/2-10 months were tested with a 7-well apparatus and a 5-s delay. Other researchers had found worse performance with 2 wells than with more wells, leading some to question the role of Memory in AB performance. We hypothesized that a difference in procedure might have caused the performance difference: In 2-well studies, both wells are covered simultaneously. In multiple well studies, only the correct well is uncovered and re-covered, which might help one maintain attention on the correct well