The Experts below are selected from a list of 26673 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Tom Beckers - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Post-weaning housing conditions influence freezing during contextual fear conditioning in adult rats.
Behavioural Brain Research, 2018Co-Authors: Natalie Schroyens, Crhistian Luis Bender, Joaquín M. Alfei, Victor A. Molina, Laura Luyten, Tom BeckersAbstract:Abstract The present study aimed to investigate the influence of housing conditions on contextual fear Memory malleability. Male Wistar rats were housed in enriched, standard, or impoverished conditions after weaning and remained in these conditions throughout the entire experiment. After six weeks into those housing conditions, all animals underwent a 3-day protocol including contextual fear conditioning (day 1), Memory reactivation followed by systemic administration of midazolam or vehicle (day 2), and a retention test (day 3). Percentage freezing was used as a behavioral measure of contextual fear. There was no evidence for an effect of housing conditions on the sensitivity of contextual fear Memory to amnestic effects of post-reactivation midazolam administration, and no indication for amnestic effects of post-reactivation midazolam overall (including in the standard group). The inability to replicate previous demonstrations of post-reactivation amnesia using the same protocol underscores the subtle nature of post-reactivation pharmacological Memory Interference. Notably, impoverished housing resulted in a decrease in contextual freezing during contextual fear conditioning, reactivation and retention testing, compared to enriched and standard housing conditions. This observation warrants caution when interpreting the results from experiments regarding effects of housing on fear Memory processes, particularly when freezing is used as a measure of fear.
Natalie Schroyens - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Post-weaning housing conditions influence freezing during contextual fear conditioning in adult rats.
Behavioural Brain Research, 2018Co-Authors: Natalie Schroyens, Crhistian Luis Bender, Joaquín M. Alfei, Victor A. Molina, Laura Luyten, Tom BeckersAbstract:Abstract The present study aimed to investigate the influence of housing conditions on contextual fear Memory malleability. Male Wistar rats were housed in enriched, standard, or impoverished conditions after weaning and remained in these conditions throughout the entire experiment. After six weeks into those housing conditions, all animals underwent a 3-day protocol including contextual fear conditioning (day 1), Memory reactivation followed by systemic administration of midazolam or vehicle (day 2), and a retention test (day 3). Percentage freezing was used as a behavioral measure of contextual fear. There was no evidence for an effect of housing conditions on the sensitivity of contextual fear Memory to amnestic effects of post-reactivation midazolam administration, and no indication for amnestic effects of post-reactivation midazolam overall (including in the standard group). The inability to replicate previous demonstrations of post-reactivation amnesia using the same protocol underscores the subtle nature of post-reactivation pharmacological Memory Interference. Notably, impoverished housing resulted in a decrease in contextual freezing during contextual fear conditioning, reactivation and retention testing, compared to enriched and standard housing conditions. This observation warrants caution when interpreting the results from experiments regarding effects of housing on fear Memory processes, particularly when freezing is used as a measure of fear.
Myra A Fernandes - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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interfering with free recall of words detrimental effects of phonological competition
Neuropsychologia, 2016Co-Authors: Myra A Fernandes, Jeffrey D Wammes, Sandra Priselac, Morris MoscovitchAbstract:We examined the effect of different distracting tasks, performed concurrently during Memory retrieval, on recall of a list of words. By manipulating the type of material and processing (semantic, orthographic, and phonological) required in the distracting task, and comparing the magnitude of Memory Interference produced, we aimed to infer the kind of representation upon which retrieval of words depends. In Experiment 1, identifying odd digits concurrently during free recall disrupted Memory, relative to a full attention condition, when the numbers were presented orthographically (e.g. nineteen), but not numerically (e.g. 19). In Experiment 2, a distracting task that required phonological-based decisions to either word or picture material produced large, but equivalent effects on recall of words. In Experiment 3, phonological-based decisions to pictures in a distracting task disrupted recall more than when the same pictures required semantically-based size estimations. In Experiment 4, a distracting task that required syllable decisions to line drawings interfered significantly with recall, while an equally difficult semantically-based color-decision task about the same line drawings, did not. Together, these experiments demonstrate that the degree of Memory Interference experienced during recall of words depends primarily on whether the distracting task competes for phonological representations or processes, and less on competition for semantic or orthographic or material-specific representations or processes.
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effects of bilingualism aging and semantic relatedness on Memory under divided attention
Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology, 2007Co-Authors: Myra A Fernandes, Elle Ialystok, Fergus I. M. Craik, Shary KreugeAbstract:We examined how encoding and retrieval processes were affected by manipulations of attention, and whether the degree of semantic relatedness between words in the Memory and distracting task modulated these effects. We also considered age and bilingual status as mediating factors. Monolingual and bilingual younger and older adults studied a list of words from a single semantic category pre- sented auditorily, and later free recalled them aloud. During either study or retrieval, participants concurrently per- formed a distracting task requiring size decisions to words from either the same or a different semantic category as the words in the Memory task. The greatest disruptions of Memory from divided attention (DA) were for encoding rather than retrieval. The effect of semantic relatedness was significant only for DA at encoding. Older age and bilin- gualism were associated with lower recall scores in all con- ditions, but these factors did not influence the magnitude of Memory Interference. The results suggest that encoding is more sensitive to semantic similarity in a distracting task than is retrieval. The role of attention at encoding and retrieval is discussed.
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neural correlates of auditory recognition under full and divided attention in younger and older adults
Neuropsychologia, 2006Co-Authors: Myra A Fernandes, Anda Pacura, Morris Moscovitch, Cheryl L GradyAbstract:We examined how aging affects the pattern of brain activity mediating retrieval under dual-task conditions. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to measure brain activity in younger and older adults while they were engaged in an auditory verbal recognition test under either full or divided attention (FA or DA). During recognition under FA, older adults had more activity in bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (PFC). DA with a distracting task requiring animacy judgments to words disrupted Memory more than did a task requiring odd-digit judgments to numbers. For both behavioural and brain measures we contrasted the two DA conditions to recognition under FA to identify Interference with Memory performance. Behaviourally, there were no age differences in the magnitude of Memory Interference from DA conditions, although recognition performance was poorer overall in older adults. During the DA animacy condition, younger adults showed an increase in recognition latency, and older adults an increase in distracting task costs. Younger adults in this condition showed an increase in left inferior PFC, coupled with a decrease in right hippocampal activity; these effects were diminished in older adults who instead showed an increase in bilateral middle frontal activity. During both DA conditions, older adults showed greater activity in posterior neocortex compared to the younger group. Results indicate that older adults are able to perform as well as younger adults on retrieval tasks under DA conditions due to two alterations in brain activity: a dampening of the changes characterizing younger adults during the DA animacy condition and greater recruitment of additional regions during both DA tasks.
Crhistian Luis Bender - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Post-weaning housing conditions influence freezing during contextual fear conditioning in adult rats.
Behavioural Brain Research, 2018Co-Authors: Natalie Schroyens, Crhistian Luis Bender, Joaquín M. Alfei, Victor A. Molina, Laura Luyten, Tom BeckersAbstract:Abstract The present study aimed to investigate the influence of housing conditions on contextual fear Memory malleability. Male Wistar rats were housed in enriched, standard, or impoverished conditions after weaning and remained in these conditions throughout the entire experiment. After six weeks into those housing conditions, all animals underwent a 3-day protocol including contextual fear conditioning (day 1), Memory reactivation followed by systemic administration of midazolam or vehicle (day 2), and a retention test (day 3). Percentage freezing was used as a behavioral measure of contextual fear. There was no evidence for an effect of housing conditions on the sensitivity of contextual fear Memory to amnestic effects of post-reactivation midazolam administration, and no indication for amnestic effects of post-reactivation midazolam overall (including in the standard group). The inability to replicate previous demonstrations of post-reactivation amnesia using the same protocol underscores the subtle nature of post-reactivation pharmacological Memory Interference. Notably, impoverished housing resulted in a decrease in contextual freezing during contextual fear conditioning, reactivation and retention testing, compared to enriched and standard housing conditions. This observation warrants caution when interpreting the results from experiments regarding effects of housing on fear Memory processes, particularly when freezing is used as a measure of fear.
Joaquín M. Alfei - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Post-weaning housing conditions influence freezing during contextual fear conditioning in adult rats.
Behavioural Brain Research, 2018Co-Authors: Natalie Schroyens, Crhistian Luis Bender, Joaquín M. Alfei, Victor A. Molina, Laura Luyten, Tom BeckersAbstract:Abstract The present study aimed to investigate the influence of housing conditions on contextual fear Memory malleability. Male Wistar rats were housed in enriched, standard, or impoverished conditions after weaning and remained in these conditions throughout the entire experiment. After six weeks into those housing conditions, all animals underwent a 3-day protocol including contextual fear conditioning (day 1), Memory reactivation followed by systemic administration of midazolam or vehicle (day 2), and a retention test (day 3). Percentage freezing was used as a behavioral measure of contextual fear. There was no evidence for an effect of housing conditions on the sensitivity of contextual fear Memory to amnestic effects of post-reactivation midazolam administration, and no indication for amnestic effects of post-reactivation midazolam overall (including in the standard group). The inability to replicate previous demonstrations of post-reactivation amnesia using the same protocol underscores the subtle nature of post-reactivation pharmacological Memory Interference. Notably, impoverished housing resulted in a decrease in contextual freezing during contextual fear conditioning, reactivation and retention testing, compared to enriched and standard housing conditions. This observation warrants caution when interpreting the results from experiments regarding effects of housing on fear Memory processes, particularly when freezing is used as a measure of fear.