The Experts below are selected from a list of 207 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Yang Liu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Study of Recall Time of Associative Memory in a Memristive Hopfield Neural Network
IEEE Access, 2019Co-Authors: Deyu Kong, Wang Junjie, Zhen Liu, Tupei Chen, Yang LiuAbstract:By associative Memory, People can remember a pattern in microseconds to seconds. In order to emulate human Memory, an artificial neural network should also spend a reasonable time in recalling matters of different task difficulties or task familiarities. In this paper, we study the recall time in a memristive Hopfield network (MHN) implemented with memristor-based synapses. With the operating frequencies of 1–100 kHz, patterns can be stored into the network by altering the resistance of the memristors, and the pre-stored patterns can be successfully recalled, being similar to the associative Memory behavior. For the same target pattern (the same familiarity), recall time of the MHN varies with the inputs, which is similar to the effect in the human brain that recall time depends on task difficulty. On the other hand, for the same input (i.e., the same initial state), the recall time may be different for different target patterns, which is similar to the effect in the brain that recall time depends on the familiarity. In addition, the effect of stimulation (updating frequency) on recall time may be complicated: a higher stimulation frequency may not always lead to a faster recall (it may even slow the recalling process in some circumstances). Our memristive Hopfield network shows good potential in mimicking the characteristics of human associative Memory.
Nelson Cowan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Reasoning and Memory: People make varied use of the information available in working Memory.
Journal of experimental psychology. Learning memory and cognition, 2015Co-Authors: Kyle O. Hardman, Nelson CowanAbstract:Working Memory (WM) is used for storing information in a highly accessible state so that other mental processes, such as reasoning, can use that information. Some WM tasks require that participants not only store information, but also reason about that information to perform optimally on the task. In this study, we used visual WM tasks that had both storage and reasoning components to determine both how ideally People are able to reason about information in WM and if there is a relationship between information storage and reasoning. We developed novel psychological process models of the tasks that allowed us to estimate for each participant both how much information they had in WM and how efficiently they reasoned about that information. Our estimates of information use showed that participants are not all ideal information users or minimal information users, but rather that there are individual differences in the thoroughness of information use in our WM tasks. However, we found that our participants tended to be more ideal than minimal. One implication of this work is that to accurately estimate the amount of information in WM, it is important to also estimate how efficiently that information is used. This new analysis contributes to the theoretical premise that human rationality may be bounded by the complexity of task demands. (PsycINFO Database Record.
Jon Driver - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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human visual short term Memory precision can be varied at will when the number of retained items is low
Psychological Science, 2012Co-Authors: Maro G Machizawa, Crystal Goh, Jon DriverAbstract:It has been debated whether human visual working Memory is limited by the number of items or the precision with which they are represented. In the research reported here, we show that the precision of working Memory can be flexibly and willfully controlled, but only if the number of retained items is low. Electroencephalographic recordings revealed that a neural marker for visual working Memory (contralateral delay activity, or CDA) that is known to increase in amplitude with the number of retained items was also affected by the precision with which items were retained. However, willfully enhanced precision increased CDA amplitude only when the number of retained items was low. These results show that both the number and the (willfully controlled) precision of retained items constrain visual working Memory: People can enhance the precision of their visual working Memory, but only for a few items.
Christian N. L. Olivers - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Interactions between working Memory, attention and eye movements.
Acta psychologica, 2009Co-Authors: Jan Theeuwes, Artem V. Belopolsky, Christian N. L. OliversAbstract:This paper reviews the recent findings on working Memory, attention and eye movements. We discuss the research that shows that many phenomena related to visual attention taking place when selecting relevant information from the environment are similar to processes needed to keep information active in working Memory. We discuss new data that show that when retrieving information from working Memory, People may allocate visual spatial attention to the empty location in space that used to contain the information that has to be retrieved. Moreover, we show that maintaining a location in working Memory not only may involve attention rehearsal, but might also recruit the oculomotor system. Recent findings seem to suggest that remembering a location may involve attention-based rehearsal in higher brain areas, while at the same time there is inhibition of specific motor programs at lower brain areas. We discuss the possibility that working Memory functions do not reside at a special area in the brain, but emerge from the selective recruitment of brain areas that are typically involved in spatial attention and motor control.
Ronald P. Gruber - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Time perception, attention, and Memory: A selective review
Acta psychologica, 2013Co-Authors: Richard A. Block, Ronald P. GruberAbstract:This article provides a selective review of time perception research, mainly focusing on the authors' research. Aspects of psychological time include simultaneity, successiveness, temporal order, and duration judgments. In contrast to findings at interstimulus intervals or durations less than 3.0-5.0 s, there is little evidence for an "across-senses" effect of perceptual modality (visual vs. auditory) at longer intervals or durations. In addition, the flow of time (events) is a pervasive perceptual illusion, and we review evidence on that. Some temporal information is encoded All rights reserved. relatively automatically into Memory: People can judge time-related attributes such as recency, frequency, temporal order, and duration of events. Duration judgments in prospective and retrospective paradigms reveal differences between them, as well as variables that moderate the processes involved. An attentional-gate model is needed to account for prospective judgments, and a contextual-change model is needed to account for retrospective judgments.