The Experts below are selected from a list of 12252 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Afia Zafar - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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primary amebic Meningoencephalitis caused by naegleria fowleri karachi pakistan
Emerging Infectious Diseases, 2011Co-Authors: Sadia Shakoor, Syed Faisal Mahmood, Rebecca Bandea, Rama Sriram, Fatima Noman, G. S. Visvesvara, Afia ZafarAbstract:We report 13 cases of Naegleria fowleri primary amebic Meningoencephalitis in persons in Karachi, Pakistan, who had no history of aquatic activities. Infection likely occurred through ablution with tap water. An increase in primary amebic Meningoencephalitis cases may be attributed to rising temperatures, reduced levels of chlorine in potable water, or deteriorating water distribution systems. P rimary amebic Meningoencephalitis (PAM) is a fatal disease caused by the thermotolerant free-living ameba Naegleria fowleri. Found worldwide in moist soil and freshwater, these amebae proliferate during summer when ambient temperature increases. The organism enters the nasal cavity when water contaminated with amebae is aspirated. Subsequently, it invades the central nervous system through the olfactory neuroepithelium and causes a fatal infection that clinically resembles acute bacterial meningitis. We report 13 cases of N. fowleri PAM in a period of 17 months in the coastal city of Karachi, Pakistan. The Study
Jennifer R Cope - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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estimation of undiagnosed naegleria fowleri primary amebic Meningoencephalitis united states1
Emerging Infectious Diseases, 2018Co-Authors: Almea Matanock, Jason M Mehal, Lindy Liu, Diana M Blau, Jennifer R CopeAbstract:Primary amebic Meningoencephalitis is an acute, rare, typically fatal disease. We used epidemiologic risk factors and multiple cause-of-death mortality data to estimate the number of deaths that fit the typical pattern for primary amebic Meningoencephalitis; we estimated an annual average of 16 deaths (8 male, 8 female) in the United States.
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the first association of a primary amebic Meningoencephalitis death with culturable naegleria fowleri in tap water from a us treated public drinking water system
Clinical Infectious Diseases, 2015Co-Authors: Jennifer R Cope, Raoult Ratard, Vincent R Hill, Theresa Sokol, Jonathan Jake Causey, Jonathan S Yoder, Gayatri Mirani, Bonnie Mull, Kimberly Mukerjee, Jothikumar NarayananAbstract:Background Naegleria fowleri is a climate-sensitive, thermophilic ameba found in warm, freshwater lakes and rivers. Primary amebic Meningoencephalitis (PAM), which is almost universally fatal, occurs when N. fowleri–containing water enters the nose, typically during swimming, and N. fowleri migrates to the brain via the olfactory nerve. In August 2013, a 4-year-old child died of Meningoencephalitis of unknown etiology in a Louisiana hospital.
Popchai Ngamskulrungroj - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the primary target organ of cryptococcus gattii is different from that of cryptococcus neoformans in a murine model
Mbio, 2012Co-Authors: Popchai Ngamskulrungroj, Yun Chang, Edward Sionov, Kyung J KwonchungAbstract:Cryptococcosis is caused by the opportunistic pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans or by the primary pathogen Crypto- coccus gattii. Epidemiological studies suggest that patients infected with C. gattii mainly present with pulmonary disease, while those infected with C. neoformans commonly manifest Meningoencephalitis. We compared the pathogenesis of the two species using the C. neoformans H99 and C. gattii R265 strains in a murine inhalation model. C. neoformans grew faster in the brain and caused death by Meningoencephalitis, while C. gattii grew faster in the lungs and caused death without producing fulminat- ing Meningoencephalitis. Despite the consistent failure to recover R265 cells from blood, a fraction of the R265 population was detected in the extrapulmonary organs, including the brain. Upon intravenous (i.v. ) inoculation of 10 4 cells via the tail vein, however, C. gattii produced severe Meningoencephalitis, demonstrating that C. gattii cells can efficiently cross the blood-brain barrier. Interestingly, i.v. inoculation with five cells caused brain infection in only 10% of C. gattii-infected mice, compared to 60% of mice infected with C. neoformans. In mice that had been initially inoculated via the pulmonary route and subsequently challenged intravenously, a protective effect was observed only in mice infected with C. gattii. C. neoformans cells grew 10 to 100 times faster than C. gattii cells in blood or serum collected from naive mice. The paucity of Meningoencephalitis upon inhala- tion of C. gattii, therefore, may be partly due to an unknown factor(s) in the host's blood coupled with immune protection that reduces dissemination to the brain and fosters lung infection. IMPORTANCE While Cryptococcus neoformans is the most common cause of fatal Meningoencephalitis, especially in HIV pa- tients, Cryptococcus gattii causes disease mainly in non-HIV patients. Clinical studies revealed that most patients infected with C. gattii VGII strains have lung infections with minimal brain involvement. Despite extensive clinicopathological studies on cryptococcosis in animal models, only a few have included C. gattii. We compared the pathogenesis of the two species in mice using an inhalation model. Similar to infection in humans, even though C. gattii can cross the blood-brain barrier, it failed to cause fatal Meningoencephalitis but caused fatal lung infection. We show that growth of C. gattii in mouse blood is significantly slower than that of C. neoformans and that a secondary protective phenomenon, though weak, manifests itself only in C. gattii infection. Our study provides a model for understanding the clinicopathological differences between these two closely geneti- cally related pathogens.
Xiaoguang Chen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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a severe eosinophilic Meningoencephalitis caused by infection of angiostrongylus cantonensis
American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 2008Co-Authors: Hua Li, Jinbao Gu, Feng Xu, Xiaoguang ChenAbstract:This paper reports a severe case of eosinophilic Meningoencephalitis after infection with Angiostrongylus cantonensis.
Nicholas D Hysmith - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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angiostrongylus cantonensis eosinophilic meningitis in an infant tennessee usa
Emerging Infectious Diseases, 2017Co-Authors: Tim Flerlage, Yvonne Qvarnstrom, Arshia Madni, Bindiya Bagga, Nicholas D Hysmith, John P DevincenzoAbstract:: Angiostrongylus cantonensis, the rat lungworm, is the most common infectious cause of eosinophilic Meningoencephalitis worldwide. This parasite is endemic to Southeast Asia and the Pacific Islands, and its global distribution is increasing. We report A. cantonensis Meningoencephalitis in a 12-month-old boy in Tennessee, USA, who had not traveled outside of southwestern Tennessee or northwestern Mississippi.
