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Fritz Strack - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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attractiveness of the underling an automatic power sex Association and its consequences for sexual harassment and aggression
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1995Co-Authors: John A Bargh, Paula Raymond, John B Pryor, Fritz StrackAbstract:One characteristic of men who sexually harass is that they are not aware that their actions are inappropriate or a misuse of their power (L. F. Fitzgerald, 1993a). We investigated the existence and automaticity of a Mental Association between the concepts of power and sex, and its consequences for sexual harassment tendencies. Using a subliminal priming paradigm, Experiment 1 demonstrated an automatic link between power and sex, and only for men high in the likelihood to sexually harass or aggress. In Experiment 2, male participants were unobtrusively primed with either power-related or neutral stimuli. For men likely to sexually aggress, but not other participants, attraction ratings of a female confederate were significantly higher in the power priming than the neutral priming condition.
John A Bargh - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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attractiveness of the underling an automatic power sex Association and its consequences for sexual harassment and aggression
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1995Co-Authors: John A Bargh, Paula Raymond, John B Pryor, Fritz StrackAbstract:One characteristic of men who sexually harass is that they are not aware that their actions are inappropriate or a misuse of their power (L. F. Fitzgerald, 1993a). We investigated the existence and automaticity of a Mental Association between the concepts of power and sex, and its consequences for sexual harassment tendencies. Using a subliminal priming paradigm, Experiment 1 demonstrated an automatic link between power and sex, and only for men high in the likelihood to sexually harass or aggress. In Experiment 2, male participants were unobtrusively primed with either power-related or neutral stimuli. For men likely to sexually aggress, but not other participants, attraction ratings of a female confederate were significantly higher in the power priming than the neutral priming condition.
Nemathollah Jaafari - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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mummy daddy and addiction implicit insecure attachment is associated with substance use in college students
Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology, 2019Co-Authors: Wilfried Serra, Armand Chatard, Nina Tello, Ghina Harikagermaneau, Xavier Noel, Nemathollah JaafariAbstract:Indirect measures of cognition have become an important tool in research on addiction. To date, however, no research has examined whether indirect measures of parent attachment relate to substance use. To examine this issue, a sample of college students (N = 121) was asked to complete two measures of explicit attachment (the Relationship Questionnaire; Bartholomew & Horowitz, 1991, and the Adult Attachment Styles; Collins & Read, 1990), and a measure of implicit attachment (the Single Category Implicit Association Test, Karpinski & Steinman, 2006). The indirect attachment measure assessed the strength of automatic Mental Association between the concepts parents and secure. Participants also completed different measures of tobacco, cannabis, and alcohol use. Results showed that, for most of the participants, the parents were considered a source of security at both the explicit and implicit levels. Direct and indirect attachment measures were not related to each other. Overall, explicit attachment was not related to substance use. However, implicit attachment was significantly associated with the use of licit (tobacco) and illicit (cannabis) drugs. We also found some evidence that polydrug use is especially common among students with an insecure implicit attachment. This is the first study to examine how implicit attachment processes relate to addictive behaviors. The results suggest that implicit attachment, thought to reflect unconscious traces of past experiences, is a better predictor of substance use in college students than direct, self-reported measures of attachment. Further studies should examine whether implicit attachment is associated with severe substance use disorders in clinical populations. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
Mora Montserrat Sergio - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Cogniciones violentas y su relación con los rasgos oscuros de la personalidad, la empatía y la agresión: aproximación a la evaluación implícita mediante el Violencia-IAT
'Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona', 2019Co-Authors: Mora Montserrat SergioAbstract:Esta tesis doctoral aborda la vinculación que se establece entre cognición y violencia, teniendo en cuenta el procesamiento dual de la información, y las medidas implícitas como alternativa a las tradicionales medidas explícitas. Concretamente, se describen los modelos Associative-Ruled Based Model (ARM), Reflective-Impulsive Model (RIM) y Associative-Propositional Model (APE) y se enfatiza en el fenómeno de la asociación Mental. Asimismo, entre otros, se desarrolla el Implicit Association Test (IAT) como la medida implícita con mayor respaldo científico y que mejores resultados ha ofrecido en la evaluación de la cognición violenta. Adicionalmente, este trabajo contempla el estudio de los rasgos oscuros de la personalidad (sadismo, maquiavelismo, narcisismo y psicopatía), entendidos desde el punto de vista subclínico y no patológico, así como por destacar por un estilo interpersonal socialmente aversivo e insensible a los demás. Este trabajo tiene como principal objetivo, explorar el fenómeno de las cogniciones violentas en la población general y su relación con factores de la personalidad estrechamente vinculados a la agresión y la conducta violenta. Para ello se han llevado a cabo cuatro estudios en los que se ha explorado cualitativa y cuantitativamente la presencia de cogniciones violentas, así como su vinculación con los rasgos oscuros de la personalidad, la empatía y la agresión. Asimismo, se ha realizado un quinto estudio con la finalidad de diseñar y crear una medida implícita para la evaluación de la asociación Mental favorable a la conducta violenta (Violencia-IAT). Consecuentemente, también se ha estudiado la relación de este tipo de asociación Mental con los rasgos oscuros de la personalidad, la deseabilidad social, la empatía y la agresión. Los resultados de los estudios ponen de manifiesto la existencia de cogniciones violentas en la población general vinculadas a la victimización de la mujer, siendo este fenómeno independiente de los rasgos oscuros de la personalidad y de las actitudes machistas. Asimismo, se valida el Violencia-IAT como una medida fiable para la evaluación de la asociación implícita favorable a la conducta violencia, mostrando convergencia con la evaluación explícita de la agresión e independencia de la deseabilidad social. Los resultados también evidencian la relación que se establece entre este tipo de asociación, la agresión verbal, la hostilidad y la empatía cognitiva. Finalmente, entre otras implicaciones, se discute la relevancia de contar con métodos de evaluación implícita en ámbitos de evaluación sensibles a la distorsión y la manipulación.This doctoral thesis addresses the link between cognition and violence, considering the dual processing of information, and implicit measures as an alternative to traditional explicit measures. Specifically, the Associative-Based Ruled Model (ARM), Reflective-Impulsive Model (RIM), and Associative-Propositional Model (APE) models are described, and the phenomenon of Mental Association is emphasized. Likewise, among others, the Implicit Association Test (IAT) is approached as the implicit measure with greater scientific support and which has offered better results in the evaluation of violent cognition. In addition, this work involves the study of the dark traits of personality (sadism, Machiavellianism, narcissism and psychopathy), understood from the subclinical and non-pathological point of view, as well as for standing out for an interpersonal style socially aversive and insensitive to others’ needs and emotions. The main objective of this work is to explore the phenomenon of violent cognitions in the general population and its relationship with personality factors closely linked to aggression and violent behaviour. For this purpose, four studies have developed in which the presence of violent cognitions, as well as their linkage with the dark traits of personality, empathy and aggression, has been explored qualitatively and quantitatively. A fifth study has also been conducted to design and create an implicit measure for the assessment of the positive Mental Association to violent behaviour (Violence-IAT). Consequently, the relationship of this type of Mental Association with the dark traits of personality, social desirability, empathy and aggression has also been studied. The results of the studies show the existence of violent cognitions in the general population linked to the victimization of women, and this phenomenon is independent of the dark traits of personality and sexist attitudes. Violence-IAT is also validated as a reliable measure for the assessment of the positive Mental Association to violent behaviour. The Violence-IAT has shown convergence with the explicit assessment of aggression, and independence of social desirability. The results also highlight the relationship between this type of Mental Association, verbal aggression, hostility and cognitive empathy. Finally, among other implications, it is discussed how important is to have implicit evaluation methods in areas of evaluation that are vulnerable to distortion and manipulation
Paula Raymond - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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attractiveness of the underling an automatic power sex Association and its consequences for sexual harassment and aggression
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1995Co-Authors: John A Bargh, Paula Raymond, John B Pryor, Fritz StrackAbstract:One characteristic of men who sexually harass is that they are not aware that their actions are inappropriate or a misuse of their power (L. F. Fitzgerald, 1993a). We investigated the existence and automaticity of a Mental Association between the concepts of power and sex, and its consequences for sexual harassment tendencies. Using a subliminal priming paradigm, Experiment 1 demonstrated an automatic link between power and sex, and only for men high in the likelihood to sexually harass or aggress. In Experiment 2, male participants were unobtrusively primed with either power-related or neutral stimuli. For men likely to sexually aggress, but not other participants, attraction ratings of a female confederate were significantly higher in the power priming than the neutral priming condition.