The Experts below are selected from a list of 315 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Masao Yokota - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Logical Model of Human Mental Image Processing in Spatiotemporal Language Understanding
    2016
    Co-Authors: Masao Yokota, Rojanee Khummongkol
    Abstract:

    Natural language is the most convenient means that people use to communicate with each other conventionally. This is also the case for casual and intuitive interaction between ordinary non-expert people and artifacts such as robots. Therefore, it is doubtless that the technology of Natural Language Understanding (NLU) should play a key role at such scenes of humans and machines. In this paper, focusing on spatiotemporal (or 4D) language, NLU by human based on Mental Image is attempted to simulate so that robots can understand texts in the same way as people. The proposed methodology is quite distinguished from conventional ones and shows a good potential for providing robots with an NLU mechanism guided by humanlike awareness control based on Mental Image.

  • computer simulation of Mental Image processing in natural language understanding by human
    IEEE International Conference on Adaptive Science & Technology, 2015
    Co-Authors: Rojanee Khummongkol, Masao Yokota
    Abstract:

    The terminology ‘natural language’ surely reminds most people of any ordinary human language that they use to communicate with each other, but as well it alludes to the most convenient way by which ordinary non-expert people can intuitively interact with artifacts such as robots. Therefore, without any doubt, the technology of Natural Language Understanding (NLU) plays a key role at such intuitive human-machine interaction. In this paper, focusing on spatiotemporal (or 4D) language, NLU by human as Mental Image processing is attempted to simulate so that robots can understand texts in the same way as people. The proposed methodology is quite distinguished from conventional ones and shows a potential good enough to be a very powerful means for realizing awareness in computer and its understanding.

  • simulation of human awareness control in spatiotemporal language understanding as Mental Image processing
    2014 IEEE International Symposium on Independent Computing (ISIC), 2014
    Co-Authors: Rojanee Khummongkol, Masao Yokota
    Abstract:

    Natural language can be the most convenient means for ordinary people at their intuitive interaction with home robots and among all its sublanguages, the spatiotemporal (or 4D) language is expected to be the most important when both the entities communicate each other in their casual scenes. As easily imagined, it is quite ordinary for people to understand a 4D expression with the Mental Image of a certain scene being described by it and therefore such a human Mental process is worth simulating by computers in order to facilitate intuitive human-robot interaction. This paper attempts to model this human performance, considering what people attend to and how they control their awareness during spatiotemporal language understanding as Mental Image processing.

  • toward artificial kansei based on Mental Image directed semantic theory
    Artificial Life and Robotics, 2012
    Co-Authors: Tzuhsuan Huang, Kaoru Sugita, Masao Yokota
    Abstract:

    The authors have proposed a human mind model of consisting of stimulus, knowledge, emotion and response processing agents and simulated human-robot communication based on it. This paper proposes `Artificial Kansei (AK)', namely, Kansei for a robot as tight collaboration of knowledge and emotion processing agents of our mind model, and considers its application to a Kansei information system for Buddhism statues made to order.

  • natural language understanding based on Mental Image description language lmd and its application to language centered robot manipulation
    Artificial Life and Robotics, 2008
    Co-Authors: Masao Yokota, Kaoru Sugita, Tetsushi Oka
    Abstract:

    The authors have been working on natural language understanding based on the knowledge representation language L md and its application to robot manipulation by verbal suggestion. The most remarkable feature of L md is its capability of formalizing spatiotemporal events in good correspondence with human/robotic sensations and actions, which can lead to integrated computation of sensory, motory and conceptual information. This paper describes briefly the process from text to robot action via semantic representation in L md and the experiMental results of robot manipulation driven by verbal suggestion.

Gregoire Borst - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Visual Mental Image generation does not overlap with visual short-term memory: A dual-task interference study
    Memory & Cognition, 2012
    Co-Authors: Gregoire Borst, Elaine Niven, Robert H. Logie
    Abstract:

    Visual Mental Imagery and working memory are often assumed to play similar roles in high-order functions, but little is known of their functional relationship. In this study, we investigated whether similar cognitive processes are involved in the generation of visual Mental Images, in short-term retention of those Mental Images, and in short-term retention of visual information. Participants encoded and recalled visually or aurally presented sequences of letters under two interference conditions: spatial tapping or irrelevant visual input (IVI). In Experiment 1 , spatial tapping selectively interfered with the retention of sequences of letters when participants generated visual Mental Images from aural presentation of the letter names and when the letters were presented visually. In Experiment 2 , encoding of the sequences was disrupted by both interference tasks. However, in Experiment 3 , IVI interfered with the generation of the Mental Images, but not with their retention, whereas spatial tapping was more disruptive during retention than during encoding. Results suggest that the temporary retention of visual Mental Images and of visual information may be supported by the same visual short-term memory store but that this store is not involved in Image generation.

  • individual differences in spatial Mental Imagery
    Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 2010
    Co-Authors: Gregoire Borst, Stephen M Kosslyn
    Abstract:

    In this article, we report a new Image-scanning paradigm that allowed us to measure objectively individual differences in spatial Mental Imagery—specifically, Imagery for location. Participants were asked to determine whether an arrow was pointing at a dot using a visual Mental Image of an array of dots. The degree of precision required to discriminate “yes” from “no” trials was varied. In Experiment 1, the time to scan increasing distances, as well as the number of errors, increased when greater precision was required to make a judgement. The results in Experiment 2 replicated those results while controlling for possible biases. When greater precision is required, the accuracy of the spatial Image becomes increasingly important—and hence the effect of precision in the task reflects the accuracy of the Image. In Experiment 3, this measure was shown to be related to scores on the Paper Folding test, on the Paper Form Board test, and on the visuospatial items on Raven's Advanced Progressive Matrices—but not...

  • visual Mental Imagery and visual perception structural equivalence revealed by scanning processes
    Memory & Cognition, 2008
    Co-Authors: Gregoire Borst, Stephen M Kosslyn
    Abstract:

    The research reported in the present article investigates whether information is represented the same way in both visual Mental Imagery and the early phases of visual perception. In Experiment 1, the same participants scanned over patterns of dots in a Mental Image (with Images based on a just-seen pattern), during perception, and in an iconic Image. The time to scan increasing distances increased at comparable rates in the three tasks. However, in Experiment 2, when Mental Images were created from information stored in long-term memory, participants scanned more slowly in the Mental Image condition. Nevertheless, the rates of scanning in the perceptual tasks were highly correlated with the rates of scanning in the Imagery tasks in both experiments. The results provide evidence that Mental Images and perceived stimuli are represented similarly and can be processed in the same way.

Stephen M Kosslyn - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • individual differences in spatial Mental Imagery
    Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 2010
    Co-Authors: Gregoire Borst, Stephen M Kosslyn
    Abstract:

    In this article, we report a new Image-scanning paradigm that allowed us to measure objectively individual differences in spatial Mental Imagery—specifically, Imagery for location. Participants were asked to determine whether an arrow was pointing at a dot using a visual Mental Image of an array of dots. The degree of precision required to discriminate “yes” from “no” trials was varied. In Experiment 1, the time to scan increasing distances, as well as the number of errors, increased when greater precision was required to make a judgement. The results in Experiment 2 replicated those results while controlling for possible biases. When greater precision is required, the accuracy of the spatial Image becomes increasingly important—and hence the effect of precision in the task reflects the accuracy of the Image. In Experiment 3, this measure was shown to be related to scores on the Paper Folding test, on the Paper Form Board test, and on the visuospatial items on Raven's Advanced Progressive Matrices—but not...

  • visual Mental Imagery and visual perception structural equivalence revealed by scanning processes
    Memory & Cognition, 2008
    Co-Authors: Gregoire Borst, Stephen M Kosslyn
    Abstract:

    The research reported in the present article investigates whether information is represented the same way in both visual Mental Imagery and the early phases of visual perception. In Experiment 1, the same participants scanned over patterns of dots in a Mental Image (with Images based on a just-seen pattern), during perception, and in an iconic Image. The time to scan increasing distances increased at comparable rates in the three tasks. However, in Experiment 2, when Mental Images were created from information stored in long-term memory, participants scanned more slowly in the Mental Image condition. Nevertheless, the rates of scanning in the perceptual tasks were highly correlated with the rates of scanning in the Imagery tasks in both experiments. The results provide evidence that Mental Images and perceived stimuli are represented similarly and can be processed in the same way.

Dorothy V. M. Bishop - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Verbal recoding of visual stimuli impairs Mental Image transformations.
    Memory & cognition, 1992
    Co-Authors: Maria A. Brandimonte, Graham J. Hitch, Dorothy V. M. Bishop
    Abstract:

    Two experiments were carried out to test the hypothesis that verbal recoding of visual stimuli in short-term memory influences long-term memory encoding and impairs subsequent Mental Image operations. Easy and difficult-to-name stimuli were used. When rotated 90 degrees counterclockwise, each stimulus revealed a new pattern consisting of two capital letters joined together. In both experiments, subjects first learned a short series of stimuli and were then asked to rotate Mental Images of the stimuli in order to detect the hidden letters. In Experiment 1, articulatory suppression was used to prevent subjects from subvocal rehearsal when learning the stimuli, whereas in Experiment 2, verbal labels were presented with each stimulus during learning to encourage a reliance on the verbal code. As predicted, performance in the Imagery task was significantly improved by suppression when the stimuli were easy to name (Experiment 1) but was severely disrupted by labeling when the stimuli were difficult to name (Experiment 2). We concluded that verbal recoding of stimuli in short-term memory during learning disrupts the ability to generate veridical Mental Images from long-term memory.

  • Manipulation of visual Mental Images in children and adults.
    Journal of experimental child psychology, 1992
    Co-Authors: Maria A. Brandimonte, Graham J. Hitch, Dorothy V. M. Bishop
    Abstract:

    Recently, there has been a debate on whether visual patterns can be transformed and reinterpreted in Mental Imagery. In the present study, task demands and age of subjects were manipulated to see whether children and adults were able to discover a novel visual pattern after transforming a Mental Image. Two tasks, called combination and subtraction, were devised. They consist of either compounding or taking away parts of Images to discover a new construal. Results indicate that not only adults, but also children aged 6 and 10, are able to transform a Mental Image so as to yield another Image with a different interpretation. Task demands had a greater effect on children than adults, consistent with the suggestion that the ease of manipulating Mental Images is a function of the efficiency of control processes.

Maria A. Brandimonte - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Mental Image reversal and verbal recoding when ducks become rabbits
    Memory & Cognition, 1993
    Co-Authors: Maria A. Brandimonte, Walter Gerbino
    Abstract:

    A recent debate has concerned whether classical bistable configurations (e.g., duck/rabbit) can be reinterpreted using Mental Imagery. Research in this field indicates that Image reversal is possible only when subjects change their specification of orientation. In a series of four experiments, we demonstrate that Mental reversal of classical bistable configurations( CBCs) is impeded by verbally recoding the visual pattern at the time of input. When subjects were prevented from verbally recoding visual stimuli in short-term memory, they fared systematically better in Mentally reversing the CBC, even when they received no instructions to change their reference frame or specification of orientation. On this basis, we suggest a model of Image reversal that takes into account the interaction between memory codes and provides a new perspective on verbal recoding, verbal overshadowing, and Mental discoveries.

  • Verbal recoding of visual stimuli impairs Mental Image transformations.
    Memory & cognition, 1992
    Co-Authors: Maria A. Brandimonte, Graham J. Hitch, Dorothy V. M. Bishop
    Abstract:

    Two experiments were carried out to test the hypothesis that verbal recoding of visual stimuli in short-term memory influences long-term memory encoding and impairs subsequent Mental Image operations. Easy and difficult-to-name stimuli were used. When rotated 90 degrees counterclockwise, each stimulus revealed a new pattern consisting of two capital letters joined together. In both experiments, subjects first learned a short series of stimuli and were then asked to rotate Mental Images of the stimuli in order to detect the hidden letters. In Experiment 1, articulatory suppression was used to prevent subjects from subvocal rehearsal when learning the stimuli, whereas in Experiment 2, verbal labels were presented with each stimulus during learning to encourage a reliance on the verbal code. As predicted, performance in the Imagery task was significantly improved by suppression when the stimuli were easy to name (Experiment 1) but was severely disrupted by labeling when the stimuli were difficult to name (Experiment 2). We concluded that verbal recoding of stimuli in short-term memory during learning disrupts the ability to generate veridical Mental Images from long-term memory.

  • Manipulation of visual Mental Images in children and adults.
    Journal of experimental child psychology, 1992
    Co-Authors: Maria A. Brandimonte, Graham J. Hitch, Dorothy V. M. Bishop
    Abstract:

    Recently, there has been a debate on whether visual patterns can be transformed and reinterpreted in Mental Imagery. In the present study, task demands and age of subjects were manipulated to see whether children and adults were able to discover a novel visual pattern after transforming a Mental Image. Two tasks, called combination and subtraction, were devised. They consist of either compounding or taking away parts of Images to discover a new construal. Results indicate that not only adults, but also children aged 6 and 10, are able to transform a Mental Image so as to yield another Image with a different interpretation. Task demands had a greater effect on children than adults, consistent with the suggestion that the ease of manipulating Mental Images is a function of the efficiency of control processes.