The Experts below are selected from a list of 4245 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Steven J. Luck - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Rapid Development of Feature Binding in Visual Short-Term Memory
Psychological Science, 2020Co-Authors: Lisa M. Oakes, Shannon Ross-sheehy, Steven J. LuckAbstract:The binding of object identity (color) and location in Visual Short-Term Memory (VSTM) was examined in 6.5- to 12.5-month-old infants (N = 144). Although we previously found that by age 6.5 months, infants can represent both color and location in VSTM, in the present study we observed that 6.5-month-old infants could not remember trivially simple color-location combinations across a 300-ms delay. However, 7.5-month-old infants could bind color and location as effectively as 12.5-month-old infants. Control conditions confirmed that the failure of 6.5-month-old infants was not a result of perceptual or attentional limitations. This rapid development of VSTM binding between 6.5 and 7.5 months occurs during a period of rapid increase in VSTM storage capacity and just after a period of dramatic neuroanatomical changes in parietal cortex. Thus, the ability to bind features and the ability to store multiple objects may both depend on a process that is mediated by posterior parietal cortex and is perhaps related ...
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Visual Short-Term Memory guides infants' Visual attention.
Cognition, 2018Co-Authors: Samantha G. Mitsven, Steven J. Luck, Lisa Cantrell, Lisa M. OakesAbstract:Abstract Adults’ Visual attention is guided by the contents of Visual Short-Term Memory (VSTM). Here we asked whether 10-month-old infants’ (N = 41) Visual attention is also guided by the information stored in VSTM. In two experiments, we modified the one-shot change detection task (Oakes, Baumgartner, Barrett, Messenger, & Luck, 2013) to create a simplified cued Visual search task to ask how information stored in VSTM influences where infants look. A single sample item (e.g., a colored circle) was presented at fixation for 500 ms, followed by a brief (300 ms) retention interval and then a test array consisting of two items, one on each side of fixation. One item in the test array matched the sample stimulus and the other did not. Infants were more likely to look at the non-matching item than at the matching item, demonstrating that the information stored rapidly in VSTM guided subsequent looking behavior.
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An eye tracking investigation of color-location binding in infants' Visual Short-Term Memory.
Infancy, 2017Co-Authors: Lisa M. Oakes, Heidi A. Baumgartner, Shipra Kanjlia, Steven J. LuckAbstract:Two experiments examined 8- and 10-month-old infants' (N = 71) binding of object identity (color) and location information in Visual Short-Term Memory (VSTM) using a one-shot change detection task. Building on previous work using the simultaneous streams change detection task, we confirmed that 8- and 10-month-old infants are sensitive to changes in binding between identity and location in VSTM. Further, we demonstrated that infants recognize specifically what changed in these events. Thus, infants' VSTM for binding is robust and can be observed in different procedures and with different stimuli.
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Qualitative similarities in the Visual Short-Term Memory of pigeons and people
Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 2011Co-Authors: Brett M. Gibson, Edward A. Wasserman, Steven J. LuckAbstract:Visual Short-Term Memory plays a key role in guiding behavior, and individual differences in Visual Short-Term Memory capacity are strongly predictive of higher cognitive abilities. To provide a broader evolutionary context for understanding this Memory system, we directly compared the behavior of pigeons and humans on a change detection task. Although pigeons had a lower storage capacity and a higher lapse rate than humans, both species stored multiple items in Short-Term Memory and conformed to the same basic performance model. Thus, despite their very different evolutionary histories and neural architectures, pigeons and humans have functionally similar Visual Short-Term Memory systems, suggesting that the functional properties of Visual Short-Term Memory are subject to similar selective pressures across these distant species.
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Developmental changes in infants’ Visual Short-Term Memory for location
Cognition, 2010Co-Authors: Lisa M. Oakes, Shannon Ross-sheehy, Karinna B. Hurley, Steven J. LuckAbstract:To examine the development of Visual Short-Term Memory (VSTM) for location, we presented 6- to 12-month-old infants (N = 199) with two side-by-side stimulus streams. In each stream, arrays of colored circles continually appeared, disappeared, and reappeared. In the changing stream, the location of one or more items changed in each cycle; in the non-changing streams the locations did not change. Eight- and 12.5-month-old infants showed evidence of Memory for multiple locations, whereas 6.5-month-old infants showed evidence of Memory only for a single location, and only when that location was easily identified by salient landmarks. In the absence of such landmarks, 6.5-month-old infants showed evidence of Memory for the overall configuration or shape. This developmental trajectory for spatial VSTM is similar to that previously observed for color VSTM. These results additionally show that infants’ ability to detect changes in location is dependent on their developing sensitivity to spatial reference frames.
Michele T.m. Hu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Visual Short-Term Memory deficits in REM sleep behaviour disorder mirror those in Parkinson’s disease
Brain, 2015Co-Authors: Michal Rolinski, Nahid Zokaei, Fahd Baig, Kathrin Giehl, Timothy G. Quinnell, Zenobia Zaiwalla, Clare E. Mackay, Masud Husain, Michele T.m. HuAbstract:Individuals with REM sleep behaviour disorder are at significantly higher risk of developing Parkinson's disease. Here we examined Visual Short-Term Memory deficits--long associated with Parkinson's disease--in patients with REM sleep behaviour disorder without Parkinson's disease using a novel task that measures recall precision. Visual Short-Term Memory for sequentially presented coloured bars of different orientation was assessed in 21 patients with polysomnography-proven idiopathic REM sleep behaviour disorder, 26 cases with early Parkinson's disease and 26 healthy controls. Three tasks using the same stimuli controlled for attentional filtering ability, sensorimotor and temporal decay factors. Both patients with REM sleep behaviour disorder and Parkinson's disease demonstrated a deficit in Visual Short-Term Memory, with recall precision significantly worse than in healthy controls with no deficit observed in any of the control tasks. Importantly, the pattern of Memory deficit in both patient groups was specifically explained by an increase in random responses. These results demonstrate that it is possible to detect the signature of Memory impairment associated with Parkinson's disease in individuals with REM sleep behaviour disorder, a condition associated with a high risk of developing Parkinson's disease. The pattern of Visual Short-Term Memory deficit potentially provides a cognitive marker of 'prodromal' Parkinson's disease that might be useful in tracking disease progression and for disease-modifying intervention trials.
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Visual Short-Term Memory deficits in REM sleep behaviour disorder mirror those in Parkinson's disease.
Brain : a journal of neurology, 2015Co-Authors: Michal Rolinski, Nahid Zokaei, Fahd Baig, Kathrin Giehl, Timothy G. Quinnell, Zenobia Zaiwalla, Clare E. Mackay, Masud Husain, Michele T.m. HuAbstract:Individuals with REM sleep behaviour disorder are at significantly higher risk of developing Parkinson's disease. Here we examined Visual Short-Term Memory deficits--long associated with Parkinson's disease--in patients with REM sleep behaviour disorder without Parkinson's disease using a novel task that measures recall precision. Visual Short-Term Memory for sequentially presented coloured bars of different orientation was assessed in 21 patients with polysomnography-proven idiopathic REM sleep behaviour disorder, 26 cases with early Parkinson's disease and 26 healthy controls. Three tasks using the same stimuli controlled for attentional filtering ability, sensorimotor and temporal decay factors. Both patients with REM sleep behaviour disorder and Parkinson's disease demonstrated a deficit in Visual Short-Term Memory, with recall precision significantly worse than in healthy controls with no deficit observed in any of the control tasks. Importantly, the pattern of Memory deficit in both patient groups was specifically explained by an increase in random responses. These results demonstrate that it is possible to detect the signature of Memory impairment associated with Parkinson's disease in individuals with REM sleep behaviour disorder, a condition associated with a high risk of developing Parkinson's disease. The pattern of Visual Short-Term Memory deficit potentially provides a cognitive marker of 'prodromal' Parkinson's disease that might be useful in tracking disease progression and for disease-modifying intervention trials.
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Visual Short-Term Memory deficits associated with GBA mutation and Parkinson's disease.
Brain, 2014Co-Authors: Nahid Zokaei, Michele T.m. Hu, Alisdair Mcneill, Christos Proukakis, Michelle Beavan, Paul Jarman, Prasad Korlipara, Derralynn Hughes, Atul Mehta, Anthony H.v. SchapiraAbstract:Individuals with mutation in the lysosomal enzyme glucocerebrosidase (GBA) gene are at significantly high risk of developing Parkinson’s disease with cognitive deficit. We examined whether Visual Short-Term Memory impairments, long associated with patients with Parkinson’s disease, are also present in GBA-positive individuals—both with and without Parkinson’s disease. Precision of Visual working Memory was measured using a serial order task in which participants observed four bars, each of a different colour and orientation, presented sequentially at screen centre. Afterwards, they were asked to adjust a coloured probe bar’s orientation to match the orientation of the bar of the same colour in the sequence. An additional attentional ‘filtering’ condition tested patients’ ability to selectively encode one of the four bars while ignoring the others. A sensorimotor task using the same stimuli controlled for perceptual and motor factors. There was a significant deficit in Memory precision in GBA-positive individuals—with or without Parkinson’s disease—as well as GBA-negative patients with Parkinson’s disease, compared to healthy controls. Worst recall was observed in GBA-positive cases with Parkinson’s disease. Although all groups were impaired in Visual Short-Term Memory, there was a double dissociation between sources of error associated with GBA mutation and Parkinson’s disease. The deficit observed in GBA-positive individuals, regardless of whether they had Parkinson’s disease, was explained by a systematic increase in interference from features of other items in Memory: misbinding errors. In contrast, impairments in patients with Parkinson’s disease, regardless of GBA status, was explained by increased random responses. Individuals who were GBA-positive and also had Parkinson’s disease suffered from both types of error, demonstrating the worst performance. These findings provide evidence for dissociable signature deficits within the domain of Visual Short-Term Memory associated with GBA mutation and with Parkinson’s disease. Identification of the specific pattern of cognitive impairment in GBA mutation versus Parkinson’s disease is potentially important as it might help to identify individuals at risk of developing Parkinson’s disease.
Sergio Della Sala - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Lack of color integration in Visual Short-Term Memory binding.
Memory & Cognition, 2011Co-Authors: Mario A. Parra, Roberto Cubelli, Sergio Della SalaAbstract:Bicolored objects are retained in Visual Short-Term Memory (VSTM) less efficiently than unicolored objects. This is unlike shape–color combinations, whose retention in VSTM does not differ from that observed for shapes only. It is debated whether this is due to a lack of color integration and whether this may reflect the function of separate Memory mechanisms. Participants judged whether the colors of bicolored objects (each with an external and an internalcolor) were the same or different across two consecutive screens. Colors had to be remembered either individually or in combination. In Experiment 1, external colors in the combined colors condition were remembered better than the internal colors, and performance for both was worse than that in the individual colors condition. The lack of color integration observed in Experiment 1 was further supported by a reduced capacity of VSTM to retain color combinations, relative to individual colors (Experiment 2). An additional account was found in Experiment 3, which showed spared color–color binding in the presence of impaired shape–color binding in a brain-damaged patient, thus suggesting that these two Memory mechanisms are different.
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Visual Short-Term Memory binding deficits in familial Alzheimer's disease.
Brain, 2010Co-Authors: Mario A. Parra, Sharon Abrahams, Robert H. Logie, Luis Guillermo Mendez, Francisco Lopera, Sergio Della SalaAbstract:Short-Term Memory binding is a Memory function that underpins the temporary retention of complex objects (e.g. shapes with colours). In the verbal domain, this function has been found to be impaired in sporadic Alzheimer's disease. Whether Short-Term Memory binding is also impaired in familial Alzheimer's disease, whether this impairment extends to the Visual domain and whether it could be detected earlier than other cognitive deficits are issues yet to be investigated. Twenty two patients with familial Alzheimer's disease caused by the E280A single presenilin-1 mutation, thirty carriers of the mutation who did not meet Alzheimer's disease criteria (asymptomatic carriers) and 30 healthy relatives (non-carrier healthy controls) were assessed with a Visual Short-Term Memory task and a neuropsychological battery. The Short-Term Memory task assessed the recognition of shapes, colours or shape-colour bindings presented in two consecutive arrays (i.e. study and test). Changes, which always occurred in the test array, consisted of new features replacing studied features (single feature conditions) or of features swapping across items (the binding condition). The neuropsychological battery comprised tests of associative and non-associative Memory, attention, language, visuospatial and executive functions. Patients with Alzheimer's disease and asymptomatic carriers performed significantly worse than healthy controls in the feature binding condition only. Group comparisons between asymptomatic carriers and healthy controls on standard neuropsychological tasks revealed no significant differences. Classification and area under the curve analyses confirmed that the binding task combines more sensitivity and specificity for patients with Alzheimer's disease and most notably for asymptomatic carriers of the mutation than other traditional neuropsychological measures. This suggests that Visual Short-Term Memory binding deficits may be a preclinical marker for familial Alzheimer's disease.
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Visual Short-Term Memory binding in Alzheimer's disease and depression
Journal of Neurology, 2010Co-Authors: Mario A. Parra, Sharon Abrahams, Robert H. Logie, Sergio Della SalaAbstract:The differential diagnosis between Alzheimer's disease (AD) and major depression (MD) in the elderly can be problematic because the cognitive profile of the two conditions overlaps. Associative learning tasks seem to separate AD from MD. However, they are sensitive to the effects of normal ageing. Short-Term Memory-binding tasks have proved insensitive to the effects of normal ageing and highly sensitive to AD. However, they have not been used to differentiate AD from MD. The present study was aimed at investigating Visual Short-Term Memory binding in AD and MD. Fourteen AD patients, 14 patients with MD, and 14 healthy older adults were asked to perform a Visual Short-Term Memory binding task that investigated the retention of shapes, colors, or combinations of shapes and colors. Participants were to recognize changes occurring between two consecutive displays either in a single dimension (i.e., shape or color only) or in two dimensions (i.e., shape-color binding). Short-Term Memory performance for shape or color only was equivalent across groups. The only significant effect found was in Short-Term Memory for shape-color binding and this was due to AD patients performing poorly in this condition only. The results extend previous findings in AD to Visual Short-Term Memory and suggest that the specific impairment in binding information in Memory differentiates between the performance of AD and patients with MD.
Roberto Dell'acqua - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Visual Short-Term Memory Capacity for Simple and Complex Objects
Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 2010Co-Authors: Roy Luria, Paola Sessa, Alex Gotler, Pierre Jolicœur, Roberto Dell'acquaAbstract:Does the capacity of Visual Short-Term Memory (VSTM) depend on the complexity of the objects represented in Memory? Although some previous findings indicated lower capacity for more complex stimuli, other results suggest that complexity effects arise during retrieval (due to errors in the comparison process with what is in Memory) that is not related to storage limitations of VSTM, per se. We used ERPs to track neuronal activity specifically related to retention in VSTM by measuring the sustained posterior contralateral negativity during a change detection task (which required detecting if an item was changed between a Memory and a test array). The sustained posterior contralateral negativity, during the retention interval, was larger for complex objects than for simple objects, suggesting that neurons mediating VSTM needed to work harder to maintain more complex objects. This, in turn, is consistent with the view that VSTM capacity depends on complexity.
Mario A. Parra - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Lack of color integration in Visual Short-Term Memory binding.
Memory & Cognition, 2011Co-Authors: Mario A. Parra, Roberto Cubelli, Sergio Della SalaAbstract:Bicolored objects are retained in Visual Short-Term Memory (VSTM) less efficiently than unicolored objects. This is unlike shape–color combinations, whose retention in VSTM does not differ from that observed for shapes only. It is debated whether this is due to a lack of color integration and whether this may reflect the function of separate Memory mechanisms. Participants judged whether the colors of bicolored objects (each with an external and an internalcolor) were the same or different across two consecutive screens. Colors had to be remembered either individually or in combination. In Experiment 1, external colors in the combined colors condition were remembered better than the internal colors, and performance for both was worse than that in the individual colors condition. The lack of color integration observed in Experiment 1 was further supported by a reduced capacity of VSTM to retain color combinations, relative to individual colors (Experiment 2). An additional account was found in Experiment 3, which showed spared color–color binding in the presence of impaired shape–color binding in a brain-damaged patient, thus suggesting that these two Memory mechanisms are different.
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Visual Short-Term Memory binding deficits in familial Alzheimer's disease.
Brain, 2010Co-Authors: Mario A. Parra, Sharon Abrahams, Robert H. Logie, Luis Guillermo Mendez, Francisco Lopera, Sergio Della SalaAbstract:Short-Term Memory binding is a Memory function that underpins the temporary retention of complex objects (e.g. shapes with colours). In the verbal domain, this function has been found to be impaired in sporadic Alzheimer's disease. Whether Short-Term Memory binding is also impaired in familial Alzheimer's disease, whether this impairment extends to the Visual domain and whether it could be detected earlier than other cognitive deficits are issues yet to be investigated. Twenty two patients with familial Alzheimer's disease caused by the E280A single presenilin-1 mutation, thirty carriers of the mutation who did not meet Alzheimer's disease criteria (asymptomatic carriers) and 30 healthy relatives (non-carrier healthy controls) were assessed with a Visual Short-Term Memory task and a neuropsychological battery. The Short-Term Memory task assessed the recognition of shapes, colours or shape-colour bindings presented in two consecutive arrays (i.e. study and test). Changes, which always occurred in the test array, consisted of new features replacing studied features (single feature conditions) or of features swapping across items (the binding condition). The neuropsychological battery comprised tests of associative and non-associative Memory, attention, language, visuospatial and executive functions. Patients with Alzheimer's disease and asymptomatic carriers performed significantly worse than healthy controls in the feature binding condition only. Group comparisons between asymptomatic carriers and healthy controls on standard neuropsychological tasks revealed no significant differences. Classification and area under the curve analyses confirmed that the binding task combines more sensitivity and specificity for patients with Alzheimer's disease and most notably for asymptomatic carriers of the mutation than other traditional neuropsychological measures. This suggests that Visual Short-Term Memory binding deficits may be a preclinical marker for familial Alzheimer's disease.
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Visual Short-Term Memory binding in Alzheimer's disease and depression
Journal of Neurology, 2010Co-Authors: Mario A. Parra, Sharon Abrahams, Robert H. Logie, Sergio Della SalaAbstract:The differential diagnosis between Alzheimer's disease (AD) and major depression (MD) in the elderly can be problematic because the cognitive profile of the two conditions overlaps. Associative learning tasks seem to separate AD from MD. However, they are sensitive to the effects of normal ageing. Short-Term Memory-binding tasks have proved insensitive to the effects of normal ageing and highly sensitive to AD. However, they have not been used to differentiate AD from MD. The present study was aimed at investigating Visual Short-Term Memory binding in AD and MD. Fourteen AD patients, 14 patients with MD, and 14 healthy older adults were asked to perform a Visual Short-Term Memory binding task that investigated the retention of shapes, colors, or combinations of shapes and colors. Participants were to recognize changes occurring between two consecutive displays either in a single dimension (i.e., shape or color only) or in two dimensions (i.e., shape-color binding). Short-Term Memory performance for shape or color only was equivalent across groups. The only significant effect found was in Short-Term Memory for shape-color binding and this was due to AD patients performing poorly in this condition only. The results extend previous findings in AD to Visual Short-Term Memory and suggest that the specific impairment in binding information in Memory differentiates between the performance of AD and patients with MD.
