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Stephen M. Kosslyn - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Mental Imagery: Functional Mechanisms and Clinical Applications.
Trends in cognitive sciences, 2015Co-Authors: Joel Pearson, Emily A. Holmes, Thomas Naselaris, Stephen M. KosslynAbstract:Mental Imagery research has weathered both disbelief of the phenomenon and inherent methodological limitations. Here we review recent behavioral, brain imaging, and clinical research that has reshaped our understanding of Mental Imagery. Research supports the claim that visual Mental Imagery is a depictive internal representation that functions like a weak form of perception. Brain imaging work has demonstrated that neural representations of Mental and perceptual images resemble one another as early as the primary visual cortex (V1). Activity patterns in V1 encode Mental images and perceptual images via a common set of low-level depictive visual features. Recent translational and clinical research reveals the pivotal role that Imagery plays in many Mental disorders and suggests how clinicians can utilize Imagery in treatment.
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sparing of spatial Mental Imagery in patients with hippocampal lesions
Learning & Memory, 2013Co-Authors: Soyun Kim, Stephen M. Kosslyn, William L. Thompson, Grégoire Borst, Ramona O. Hopkins, Larry R. SquireAbstract:In four experiments, we explored the capacity for spatial Mental Imagery in patients with hippocampal lesions, using tasks that minimized the role of learning and memory. On all four tasks, patients with hippocampal lesions performed as well as controls. Nonetheless, in separate tests, the patients were impaired at remembering the materials that had been used to assess Mental Imagery. The findings suggest that the hippocampus is not needed for constructing many forms of spatial Imagery but is needed for the formation of long-term memory. In future studies of the neural organization of spatial Mental Imagery, it will be important to separate the contribution of spatial processing from the contribution of learning and memory. Language: en
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Sparing of spatial Mental Imagery in patients with hippocampal lesions
Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor N.Y.), 2013Co-Authors: Soyun Kim, Stephen M. Kosslyn, William L. Thompson, Grégoire Borst, Ramona O. Hopkins, Larry R. SquireAbstract:In four experiments, we explored the capacity for spatial Mental Imagery in patients with hippocampal lesions, using tasks that minimized the role of learning and memory. On all four tasks, patients with hippocampal lesions performed as well as controls. Nonetheless, in separate tests, the patients were impaired at remembering the materials that had been used to assess Mental Imagery. The findings suggest that the hippocampus is not needed for constructing many forms of spatial Imagery but is needed for the formation of long-term memory. In future studies of the neural organization of spatial Mental Imagery, it will be important to separate the contribution of spatial processing from the contribution of learning and memory.
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Individual differences in spatial Mental Imagery
Quarterly journal of experimental psychology (2006), 2010Co-Authors: Grégoire Borst, Stephen M. KosslynAbstract:In this article, we report a new image-scanning paradigm that allowed us to measure objectively individual differences in spatial Mental Imagery--specifically, Imagery for location. Participants were asked to determine whether an arrow was pointing at a dot using a visual Mental image of an array of dots. The degree of precision required to discriminate "yes" from "no" trials was varied. In Experiment 1, the time to scan increasing distances, as well as the number of errors, increased when greater precision was required to make a judgement. The results in Experiment 2 replicated those results while controlling for possible biases. When greater precision is required, the accuracy of the spatial image becomes increasingly important--and hence the effect of precision in the task reflects the accuracy of the image. In Experiment 3, this measure was shown to be related to scores on the Paper Folding test, on the Paper Form Board test, and on the visuospatial items on Raven's Advanced Progressive Matrices--but not to scores on questionnaires measuring object-based Mental Imagery. Thus, we provide evidence that classical standardized spatial tests rely on spatial Mental Imagery but not object Mental Imagery.
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The case for Mental Imagery
2006Co-Authors: Stephen M. Kosslyn, William L. Thompson, Giorgio GanisAbstract:Preface Chapter 1. Mental Imagery and Mental representation Chapter 2. Evaluating propositional accounts Chapter 3. Evaluating experiment artifact accounts Chapter 4. Depictive representations in the brain Chapter 5. Visual Mental images in the brain: Overview of a theory Chapter 6. Science and Mental imager Appendix: Review of neuroimaging studies of visual Mental Imagery References
David E J Linden - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Mental Imagery vividness as a trait marker across the schizophrenia spectrum.
Psychiatry research, 2009Co-Authors: Viola Oertel, Anna Rotarska-jagiela, Vincent Van De Ven, Corinna Haenschel, Michael Grube, Ulrich Stangier, Konrad Maurer, David E J LindenAbstract:We investigated the vividness of Mental Imagery and its possible relationship with the predisposition towards hallucinations in 52 schizophrenia (SZ) patients, 44 of their first-degree relatives (R) and two healthy control groups (high-schizotypy [CHS; n=24]; low-schizotypy [CLS; n=24]). We investigated phenomenological and cognitive trait markers of schizophrenia, including cognitive correlates of hallucinations and vividness of Mental Imagery, and the influence of individual psychopathology. Overall, scores on the Mental Imagery questionnaire (QMI [Sheehan, P.W., 1967. Reliability of a short test of Imagery. Perceptual and Motor Skills 25, 744.]) suggested higher Mental Imagery vividness in first-degree relatives, high-schizotypy controls and patients, than in low-schizotypy controls. However, vividness of Mental Imagery was independent of predisposition towards hallucinations and cognitive test performance scores. These results suggest that vividness of Mental Imagery may be a trait marker across the schizophrenia spectrum. In addition we propose that Imagery proneness is relatively independent of the individual psychopathology.
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Enhanced vividness of Mental Imagery as a trait marker of schizophrenia
Schizophrenia bulletin, 2005Co-Authors: Alexander T. Sack, Vincent Van De Ven, Simone Etschenberg, Dietmar Schatz, David E J LindenAbstract:We assessed the vividness of Mental Imagery in schizophrenia patients in the context of psychopathology and cognitive abilities. A questionnaire on the vividness of Mental Imagery (Questionnaire Upon Mental Imagery [QMI]) and a hallucination scale were administered to 50 patients with paranoid schizophrenia. The related perceptual and cognitive skills, general intelligence level, and psychomotor speed were measured as covariates with a battery of performance tests. All measures were statistically compared to a group of 50 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. The schizophrenia group obtained higher values both for vividness of Imagery and occurrence of hallucinations. These differences were independent of general intelligence and psychomotor speed and did not correlate with individual psychopathology. The correlation between the hallucination and Imagery scales themselves was very low. These results suggest that patients with schizophrenia experience a significantly greater vividness of Mental Imagery than healthy controls, which does not seem to be an effect of other group differences or individual psychopathology (e.g., frequency of hallucinations). Vividness of Mental Imagery might thus prove to be an independent trait marker of schizophrenia.
Grégoire Borst - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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sparing of spatial Mental Imagery in patients with hippocampal lesions
Learning & Memory, 2013Co-Authors: Soyun Kim, Stephen M. Kosslyn, William L. Thompson, Grégoire Borst, Ramona O. Hopkins, Larry R. SquireAbstract:In four experiments, we explored the capacity for spatial Mental Imagery in patients with hippocampal lesions, using tasks that minimized the role of learning and memory. On all four tasks, patients with hippocampal lesions performed as well as controls. Nonetheless, in separate tests, the patients were impaired at remembering the materials that had been used to assess Mental Imagery. The findings suggest that the hippocampus is not needed for constructing many forms of spatial Imagery but is needed for the formation of long-term memory. In future studies of the neural organization of spatial Mental Imagery, it will be important to separate the contribution of spatial processing from the contribution of learning and memory. Language: en
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Sparing of spatial Mental Imagery in patients with hippocampal lesions
Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor N.Y.), 2013Co-Authors: Soyun Kim, Stephen M. Kosslyn, William L. Thompson, Grégoire Borst, Ramona O. Hopkins, Larry R. SquireAbstract:In four experiments, we explored the capacity for spatial Mental Imagery in patients with hippocampal lesions, using tasks that minimized the role of learning and memory. On all four tasks, patients with hippocampal lesions performed as well as controls. Nonetheless, in separate tests, the patients were impaired at remembering the materials that had been used to assess Mental Imagery. The findings suggest that the hippocampus is not needed for constructing many forms of spatial Imagery but is needed for the formation of long-term memory. In future studies of the neural organization of spatial Mental Imagery, it will be important to separate the contribution of spatial processing from the contribution of learning and memory.
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Individual differences in spatial Mental Imagery
Quarterly journal of experimental psychology (2006), 2010Co-Authors: Grégoire Borst, Stephen M. KosslynAbstract:In this article, we report a new image-scanning paradigm that allowed us to measure objectively individual differences in spatial Mental Imagery--specifically, Imagery for location. Participants were asked to determine whether an arrow was pointing at a dot using a visual Mental image of an array of dots. The degree of precision required to discriminate "yes" from "no" trials was varied. In Experiment 1, the time to scan increasing distances, as well as the number of errors, increased when greater precision was required to make a judgement. The results in Experiment 2 replicated those results while controlling for possible biases. When greater precision is required, the accuracy of the spatial image becomes increasingly important--and hence the effect of precision in the task reflects the accuracy of the image. In Experiment 3, this measure was shown to be related to scores on the Paper Folding test, on the Paper Form Board test, and on the visuospatial items on Raven's Advanced Progressive Matrices--but not to scores on questionnaires measuring object-based Mental Imagery. Thus, we provide evidence that classical standardized spatial tests rely on spatial Mental Imagery but not object Mental Imagery.
Larry R. Squire - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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sparing of spatial Mental Imagery in patients with hippocampal lesions
Learning & Memory, 2013Co-Authors: Soyun Kim, Stephen M. Kosslyn, William L. Thompson, Grégoire Borst, Ramona O. Hopkins, Larry R. SquireAbstract:In four experiments, we explored the capacity for spatial Mental Imagery in patients with hippocampal lesions, using tasks that minimized the role of learning and memory. On all four tasks, patients with hippocampal lesions performed as well as controls. Nonetheless, in separate tests, the patients were impaired at remembering the materials that had been used to assess Mental Imagery. The findings suggest that the hippocampus is not needed for constructing many forms of spatial Imagery but is needed for the formation of long-term memory. In future studies of the neural organization of spatial Mental Imagery, it will be important to separate the contribution of spatial processing from the contribution of learning and memory. Language: en
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Sparing of spatial Mental Imagery in patients with hippocampal lesions
Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor N.Y.), 2013Co-Authors: Soyun Kim, Stephen M. Kosslyn, William L. Thompson, Grégoire Borst, Ramona O. Hopkins, Larry R. SquireAbstract:In four experiments, we explored the capacity for spatial Mental Imagery in patients with hippocampal lesions, using tasks that minimized the role of learning and memory. On all four tasks, patients with hippocampal lesions performed as well as controls. Nonetheless, in separate tests, the patients were impaired at remembering the materials that had been used to assess Mental Imagery. The findings suggest that the hippocampus is not needed for constructing many forms of spatial Imagery but is needed for the formation of long-term memory. In future studies of the neural organization of spatial Mental Imagery, it will be important to separate the contribution of spatial processing from the contribution of learning and memory.
Vincent Van De Ven - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Mental Imagery vividness as a trait marker across the schizophrenia spectrum.
Psychiatry research, 2009Co-Authors: Viola Oertel, Anna Rotarska-jagiela, Vincent Van De Ven, Corinna Haenschel, Michael Grube, Ulrich Stangier, Konrad Maurer, David E J LindenAbstract:We investigated the vividness of Mental Imagery and its possible relationship with the predisposition towards hallucinations in 52 schizophrenia (SZ) patients, 44 of their first-degree relatives (R) and two healthy control groups (high-schizotypy [CHS; n=24]; low-schizotypy [CLS; n=24]). We investigated phenomenological and cognitive trait markers of schizophrenia, including cognitive correlates of hallucinations and vividness of Mental Imagery, and the influence of individual psychopathology. Overall, scores on the Mental Imagery questionnaire (QMI [Sheehan, P.W., 1967. Reliability of a short test of Imagery. Perceptual and Motor Skills 25, 744.]) suggested higher Mental Imagery vividness in first-degree relatives, high-schizotypy controls and patients, than in low-schizotypy controls. However, vividness of Mental Imagery was independent of predisposition towards hallucinations and cognitive test performance scores. These results suggest that vividness of Mental Imagery may be a trait marker across the schizophrenia spectrum. In addition we propose that Imagery proneness is relatively independent of the individual psychopathology.
-
Enhanced vividness of Mental Imagery as a trait marker of schizophrenia
Schizophrenia bulletin, 2005Co-Authors: Alexander T. Sack, Vincent Van De Ven, Simone Etschenberg, Dietmar Schatz, David E J LindenAbstract:We assessed the vividness of Mental Imagery in schizophrenia patients in the context of psychopathology and cognitive abilities. A questionnaire on the vividness of Mental Imagery (Questionnaire Upon Mental Imagery [QMI]) and a hallucination scale were administered to 50 patients with paranoid schizophrenia. The related perceptual and cognitive skills, general intelligence level, and psychomotor speed were measured as covariates with a battery of performance tests. All measures were statistically compared to a group of 50 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. The schizophrenia group obtained higher values both for vividness of Imagery and occurrence of hallucinations. These differences were independent of general intelligence and psychomotor speed and did not correlate with individual psychopathology. The correlation between the hallucination and Imagery scales themselves was very low. These results suggest that patients with schizophrenia experience a significantly greater vividness of Mental Imagery than healthy controls, which does not seem to be an effect of other group differences or individual psychopathology (e.g., frequency of hallucinations). Vividness of Mental Imagery might thus prove to be an independent trait marker of schizophrenia.