The Experts below are selected from a list of 1083 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Alan B. Franklin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Extended Viral Shedding of a Low Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus by Striped Skunks (Mephitis Mephitis)
    2016
    Co-Authors: Jeffrey J Root, Kevin T Bentler, Thomas Gidlewski, Jeremy W Ellis, Kaci K Vandalen, Heather J. Sullivan, Nicole L. Mooers, Terry R Spraker, Susan A. Shriner, Alan B. Franklin
    Abstract:

    Background: Striped skunks (Mephitis Mephitis) are susceptible to infection with some influenza A viruses. However, the viral shedding capability of this peri-domestic mammal and its potential role in influenza A virus ecology are largely undetermined. Methodology/Principal Findings: Striped skunks were experimentally infected with a low pathogenic (LP) H4N6 avian influenza virus (AIV) and monitored for 20 days post infection (DPI). All of the skunks exposed to H4N6 AIV shed large quantities of viral RNA, as detected by real-time RT-PCR and confirmed for live virus with virus isolation, from nasal washes and oral swabs (maximum #106.02 PCR EID50 equivalent/mL and #10 5.19 PCR EID50 equivalent/mL, respectively). Some evidence of potential fecal shedding was also noted. Following necropsy on 20 DPI, viral RNA was detected in the nasal turbinates of one individual. All treatment animals yielded evidence of a serological response by 20 DPI. Conclusions/Significance: These results indicate that striped skunks have the potential to shed large quantities of viral RNA through the oral and nasal routes following exposure to a LP AIV. Considering the peri-domestic nature of these animals, along with the duration of shedding observed in this species, their presence on poultry and waterfowl operations could influence influenza A virus epidemiology. For example, this species could introduce a virus to a naive poultry flock or act as

  • extended viral shedding of a low pathogenic avian influenza virus by striped skunks Mephitis Mephitis
    PLOS ONE, 2014
    Co-Authors: Jeffrey J Root, Kevin T Bentler, Thomas Gidlewski, Jeremy W Ellis, Kaci K Vandalen, Heather J. Sullivan, Nicole L. Mooers, Terry R Spraker, Susan A. Shriner, Alan B. Franklin
    Abstract:

    Background: Striped skunks (Mephitis Mephitis) are susceptible to infection with some influenza A viruses. However, the viral shedding capability of this peri-domestic mammal and its potential role in influenza A virus ecology are largely undetermined. Methodology/Principal Findings: Striped skunks were experimentally infected with a low pathogenic (LP) H4N6 avian influenza virus (AIV) and monitored for 20 days post infection (DPI). All of the skunks exposed to H4N6 AIV shed large quantities of viral RNA, as detected by real-time RT-PCR and confirmed for live virus with virus isolation, from nasal washes and oral swabs (maximum #10 6.02 PCR EID50 equivalent/mL and #10 5.19 PCR EID50 equivalent/mL, respectively). Some evidence of potential fecal shedding was also noted. Following necropsy on 20 DPI, viral RNA was detected in the nasal turbinates of one individual. All treatment animals yielded evidence of a serological response by 20 DPI. Conclusions/Significance: These results indicate that striped skunks have the potential to shed large quantities of viral RNA through the oral and nasal routes following exposure to a LP AIV. Considering the peri-domestic nature of these animals, along with the duration of shedding observed in this species, their presence on poultry and waterfowl operations could influence influenza A virus epidemiology. For example, this species could introduce a virus to a naive poultry flock or act as a trafficking mechanism of AIV to and from an infected poultry flock to naive flocks or wild bird populations.

Jeffrey J Root - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Extended Viral Shedding of a Low Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus by Striped Skunks (Mephitis Mephitis)
    2016
    Co-Authors: Jeffrey J Root, Kevin T Bentler, Thomas Gidlewski, Jeremy W Ellis, Kaci K Vandalen, Heather J. Sullivan, Nicole L. Mooers, Terry R Spraker, Susan A. Shriner, Alan B. Franklin
    Abstract:

    Background: Striped skunks (Mephitis Mephitis) are susceptible to infection with some influenza A viruses. However, the viral shedding capability of this peri-domestic mammal and its potential role in influenza A virus ecology are largely undetermined. Methodology/Principal Findings: Striped skunks were experimentally infected with a low pathogenic (LP) H4N6 avian influenza virus (AIV) and monitored for 20 days post infection (DPI). All of the skunks exposed to H4N6 AIV shed large quantities of viral RNA, as detected by real-time RT-PCR and confirmed for live virus with virus isolation, from nasal washes and oral swabs (maximum #106.02 PCR EID50 equivalent/mL and #10 5.19 PCR EID50 equivalent/mL, respectively). Some evidence of potential fecal shedding was also noted. Following necropsy on 20 DPI, viral RNA was detected in the nasal turbinates of one individual. All treatment animals yielded evidence of a serological response by 20 DPI. Conclusions/Significance: These results indicate that striped skunks have the potential to shed large quantities of viral RNA through the oral and nasal routes following exposure to a LP AIV. Considering the peri-domestic nature of these animals, along with the duration of shedding observed in this species, their presence on poultry and waterfowl operations could influence influenza A virus epidemiology. For example, this species could introduce a virus to a naive poultry flock or act as

  • extended viral shedding of a low pathogenic avian influenza virus by striped skunks Mephitis Mephitis
    PLOS ONE, 2014
    Co-Authors: Jeffrey J Root, Kevin T Bentler, Thomas Gidlewski, Jeremy W Ellis, Kaci K Vandalen, Heather J. Sullivan, Nicole L. Mooers, Terry R Spraker, Susan A. Shriner, Alan B. Franklin
    Abstract:

    Background: Striped skunks (Mephitis Mephitis) are susceptible to infection with some influenza A viruses. However, the viral shedding capability of this peri-domestic mammal and its potential role in influenza A virus ecology are largely undetermined. Methodology/Principal Findings: Striped skunks were experimentally infected with a low pathogenic (LP) H4N6 avian influenza virus (AIV) and monitored for 20 days post infection (DPI). All of the skunks exposed to H4N6 AIV shed large quantities of viral RNA, as detected by real-time RT-PCR and confirmed for live virus with virus isolation, from nasal washes and oral swabs (maximum #10 6.02 PCR EID50 equivalent/mL and #10 5.19 PCR EID50 equivalent/mL, respectively). Some evidence of potential fecal shedding was also noted. Following necropsy on 20 DPI, viral RNA was detected in the nasal turbinates of one individual. All treatment animals yielded evidence of a serological response by 20 DPI. Conclusions/Significance: These results indicate that striped skunks have the potential to shed large quantities of viral RNA through the oral and nasal routes following exposure to a LP AIV. Considering the peri-domestic nature of these animals, along with the duration of shedding observed in this species, their presence on poultry and waterfowl operations could influence influenza A virus epidemiology. For example, this species could introduce a virus to a naive poultry flock or act as a trafficking mechanism of AIV to and from an infected poultry flock to naive flocks or wild bird populations.

Jason R. Boulanger - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Spatial ecology of urban striped skunks (Mephitis Mephitis) in the Northern Great Plains: a framework for future oral rabies vaccination programs
    Urban Ecosystems, 2019
    Co-Authors: Anna L. Schneider, Amy T. Gilbert, W. David Walter, Gregory S. Vandeberg, Jason R. Boulanger
    Abstract:

    Few studies have investigated the ecology of urban striped skunks ( Mephitis Mephitis ) despite their role as a primary rabies vector species paired with an ability to thrive in these landscapes. Information on home range, nightly movements, and habitat selection, is important for rabies management planning regarding the placement of oral rabies vaccine (ORV) baits and for management of skunk populations more generally. Our aim was to obtain baseline ecological information with an emphasis on spatial ecology of urban striped skunks in the Northern Great Plains region that is lacking in the literature. We used radio telemetry to track 22 (4 M, 18 F) skunks during September 2016 to November 2016 and March 2017 to November 2017. Size of home range using kernel density estimation with smoothing by least squares cross validation identified that male skunks ( x ¯ $$ \overline{x} $$ = 4.36 km^2, SE ± 0.79) had larger home ranges than females ( x ¯ $$ \overline{x} $$ = 1.79 km^2, SE ± 0.24). Female skunk home ranges varied by season with the largest home ranges detected during summer 2017. We found no evidence that use-availability was associated with habitat type or season among female skunks. Female skunks were more likely to be found closer to water; however, we found no association of use with road characteristics and geographic location within the study area. Targeting ORV efforts in areas near water may be warranted, but considering differences in habitat selection for skunk studies in urban areas, we caution that ORV baiting programs may not be one-size-fits-all, and a framework for effective bait placement would benefit from studies specific to the management area of interest.

Terry R Spraker - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Extended Viral Shedding of a Low Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus by Striped Skunks (Mephitis Mephitis)
    2016
    Co-Authors: Jeffrey J Root, Kevin T Bentler, Thomas Gidlewski, Jeremy W Ellis, Kaci K Vandalen, Heather J. Sullivan, Nicole L. Mooers, Terry R Spraker, Susan A. Shriner, Alan B. Franklin
    Abstract:

    Background: Striped skunks (Mephitis Mephitis) are susceptible to infection with some influenza A viruses. However, the viral shedding capability of this peri-domestic mammal and its potential role in influenza A virus ecology are largely undetermined. Methodology/Principal Findings: Striped skunks were experimentally infected with a low pathogenic (LP) H4N6 avian influenza virus (AIV) and monitored for 20 days post infection (DPI). All of the skunks exposed to H4N6 AIV shed large quantities of viral RNA, as detected by real-time RT-PCR and confirmed for live virus with virus isolation, from nasal washes and oral swabs (maximum #106.02 PCR EID50 equivalent/mL and #10 5.19 PCR EID50 equivalent/mL, respectively). Some evidence of potential fecal shedding was also noted. Following necropsy on 20 DPI, viral RNA was detected in the nasal turbinates of one individual. All treatment animals yielded evidence of a serological response by 20 DPI. Conclusions/Significance: These results indicate that striped skunks have the potential to shed large quantities of viral RNA through the oral and nasal routes following exposure to a LP AIV. Considering the peri-domestic nature of these animals, along with the duration of shedding observed in this species, their presence on poultry and waterfowl operations could influence influenza A virus epidemiology. For example, this species could introduce a virus to a naive poultry flock or act as

  • extended viral shedding of a low pathogenic avian influenza virus by striped skunks Mephitis Mephitis
    PLOS ONE, 2014
    Co-Authors: Jeffrey J Root, Kevin T Bentler, Thomas Gidlewski, Jeremy W Ellis, Kaci K Vandalen, Heather J. Sullivan, Nicole L. Mooers, Terry R Spraker, Susan A. Shriner, Alan B. Franklin
    Abstract:

    Background: Striped skunks (Mephitis Mephitis) are susceptible to infection with some influenza A viruses. However, the viral shedding capability of this peri-domestic mammal and its potential role in influenza A virus ecology are largely undetermined. Methodology/Principal Findings: Striped skunks were experimentally infected with a low pathogenic (LP) H4N6 avian influenza virus (AIV) and monitored for 20 days post infection (DPI). All of the skunks exposed to H4N6 AIV shed large quantities of viral RNA, as detected by real-time RT-PCR and confirmed for live virus with virus isolation, from nasal washes and oral swabs (maximum #10 6.02 PCR EID50 equivalent/mL and #10 5.19 PCR EID50 equivalent/mL, respectively). Some evidence of potential fecal shedding was also noted. Following necropsy on 20 DPI, viral RNA was detected in the nasal turbinates of one individual. All treatment animals yielded evidence of a serological response by 20 DPI. Conclusions/Significance: These results indicate that striped skunks have the potential to shed large quantities of viral RNA through the oral and nasal routes following exposure to a LP AIV. Considering the peri-domestic nature of these animals, along with the duration of shedding observed in this species, their presence on poultry and waterfowl operations could influence influenza A virus epidemiology. For example, this species could introduce a virus to a naive poultry flock or act as a trafficking mechanism of AIV to and from an infected poultry flock to naive flocks or wild bird populations.

Thomas Gidlewski - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Extended Viral Shedding of a Low Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus by Striped Skunks (Mephitis Mephitis)
    2016
    Co-Authors: Jeffrey J Root, Kevin T Bentler, Thomas Gidlewski, Jeremy W Ellis, Kaci K Vandalen, Heather J. Sullivan, Nicole L. Mooers, Terry R Spraker, Susan A. Shriner, Alan B. Franklin
    Abstract:

    Background: Striped skunks (Mephitis Mephitis) are susceptible to infection with some influenza A viruses. However, the viral shedding capability of this peri-domestic mammal and its potential role in influenza A virus ecology are largely undetermined. Methodology/Principal Findings: Striped skunks were experimentally infected with a low pathogenic (LP) H4N6 avian influenza virus (AIV) and monitored for 20 days post infection (DPI). All of the skunks exposed to H4N6 AIV shed large quantities of viral RNA, as detected by real-time RT-PCR and confirmed for live virus with virus isolation, from nasal washes and oral swabs (maximum #106.02 PCR EID50 equivalent/mL and #10 5.19 PCR EID50 equivalent/mL, respectively). Some evidence of potential fecal shedding was also noted. Following necropsy on 20 DPI, viral RNA was detected in the nasal turbinates of one individual. All treatment animals yielded evidence of a serological response by 20 DPI. Conclusions/Significance: These results indicate that striped skunks have the potential to shed large quantities of viral RNA through the oral and nasal routes following exposure to a LP AIV. Considering the peri-domestic nature of these animals, along with the duration of shedding observed in this species, their presence on poultry and waterfowl operations could influence influenza A virus epidemiology. For example, this species could introduce a virus to a naive poultry flock or act as

  • extended viral shedding of a low pathogenic avian influenza virus by striped skunks Mephitis Mephitis
    PLOS ONE, 2014
    Co-Authors: Jeffrey J Root, Kevin T Bentler, Thomas Gidlewski, Jeremy W Ellis, Kaci K Vandalen, Heather J. Sullivan, Nicole L. Mooers, Terry R Spraker, Susan A. Shriner, Alan B. Franklin
    Abstract:

    Background: Striped skunks (Mephitis Mephitis) are susceptible to infection with some influenza A viruses. However, the viral shedding capability of this peri-domestic mammal and its potential role in influenza A virus ecology are largely undetermined. Methodology/Principal Findings: Striped skunks were experimentally infected with a low pathogenic (LP) H4N6 avian influenza virus (AIV) and monitored for 20 days post infection (DPI). All of the skunks exposed to H4N6 AIV shed large quantities of viral RNA, as detected by real-time RT-PCR and confirmed for live virus with virus isolation, from nasal washes and oral swabs (maximum #10 6.02 PCR EID50 equivalent/mL and #10 5.19 PCR EID50 equivalent/mL, respectively). Some evidence of potential fecal shedding was also noted. Following necropsy on 20 DPI, viral RNA was detected in the nasal turbinates of one individual. All treatment animals yielded evidence of a serological response by 20 DPI. Conclusions/Significance: These results indicate that striped skunks have the potential to shed large quantities of viral RNA through the oral and nasal routes following exposure to a LP AIV. Considering the peri-domestic nature of these animals, along with the duration of shedding observed in this species, their presence on poultry and waterfowl operations could influence influenza A virus epidemiology. For example, this species could introduce a virus to a naive poultry flock or act as a trafficking mechanism of AIV to and from an infected poultry flock to naive flocks or wild bird populations.