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Ashok Kumar - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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spirulina fusiformis provides protection against Mercuric Chloride induced oxidative stress in swiss albino mice
Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2007Co-Authors: Mukesh Sharma, Ashok Kumar, Ambika Sharma, Madhu KumarAbstract:Oxidative stress induced by Mercuric Chloride (5 mg/kg body weight i.p.) in mice substantially increases the lipid peroxidation level along with corresponding decrease in the reduced glutathione and various antioxidant enzymes in liver and increase in serum transaminases activity. Supplementation of Spirulina (800 mg/kg body weight orally, in olive oil, along with Mercuric Chloride) for 40 days resulted in decreased LPO level, serum glutamate oxaloacetate and serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase activity along with increase in liver GSH level. The activities of antioxidants enzymes superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione-S-transferase were also concomitantly restored to near normal level by Spirulina supplementation to Mercuric Chloride intoxicated mice. The results clearly demonstrate that Spirulina treatment augments the antioxidants defense mechanism in Mercuric Chloride induced toxicity and provides evidence that it may have a therapeutic role in free radical mediated diseases.
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Protective Effect of Panax ginseng extract on Renal Functions Altered by Mercuric Chloride in Albino Rats
Journal of Ginseng Research, 2006Co-Authors: Prabhu N. Saxena, Kanhiya Mahour, Ashok KumarAbstract:Liver and kidney are specific organs which play an active role in biotransformation and detoxification mechanisms. Ant adverse effect of chemicals or heavy metal can cause the delay or fade in these mechanisms. Present study was designed to find out the protective effect of Panax ginseng extract on renal functions altered by Mercuric Chloride (heavy metal) in albino rat. Fifty albino rats were divided into 10 groups. Five groups for acute study and five groups for sud-acute study viz. control group (Tween 20 and distilled water), Mercuric Chloride treated group (0.926 ㎎/㎏ body wt. for acute and 0.044 ㎎/㎏ body wt. for sub-acute group after calculated LD?? (9.26 ㎎/㎏ body wt.) by probit analysis (Finney, 1971)¹, Panax ginseng extract treated group (10 ㎎/㎏ body wt. for acute and sub-acute sets), Mercuric Chloride treated followed by Panax ginseng extract and Panax ginseng extract followed by Mercuric Chloride group. All doses were given orally by gavage tube. The result revealed that the serum urea and creatinine significantly increased in Mercuric Chloride treated group, while significantly decreased (p＜0.01) in Panax ginseng extract group after acute and sub-acute treatment. The biochemical estimation is also confirmed by nephropathological aspect. However, the Panax ginseng extract treated followed by Mercuric Chloride group is more prominent than the Mercuric Chloride treated followed by Panax ginseng extract group. It can be concluded that Panax ginseng extract had a protective nature on renal functions against Mercuric Chloride toxicity in albino rats.
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Panax ginseng Extract as Protectant in Mercuric Chloride Induced Alterations in Protein Biochemistry in the Serum of Albino Rats
Journal of Ginseng Research, 2006Co-Authors: Kanhiya Mahour, Prabhu N. Saxena, Ashok KumarAbstract:Adverse changes in individual’s biochemistry under heavy metal stress are directly linked with its metabolic activity and health status. The present investigation highlights the differences in protecting role of Panax ginseng extract against Mercuric Chloride induced alterations in serum proteins. The assessment was based on dividing fifty albino rats into two sets, one for acute and the other for sub-acute study. All the sets had five groups with five albino rats in each i.e. control group, Mercuric Chloride treated group, Panax ginseng extract treated group, Mercuric Chloride followed by Panax ginseng extract treated group and Panax ginseng extract followed by Mercuric Chloride treated group. Mercuric Chloride was given orally 0.926 ㎎/㎏ body weight for acute set and 0.044 ㎎/㎏ body weight for sub-acute set after LD50 (9.26 ㎎/㎏ body weight) determination by probitt analysis. 10 ㎎/㎏ body weight Panax ginseng extract was given in both acute and sub-acute sets after incorporating safety trials. The control group received tween-20 and distilled water only. The result exhibited significantly reduction (P＜0.01) in serum protein, albumin and globulin following Mercuric Chloride intoxication whereas significant (P＜0.01) enhancement in other groups with Panax ginseng extract as an ingredient confirming its protective role. All serum samples were also electrophoresed in 10% SDS with standard marker using discontinuous buffering system. Gradual disappearance of alpha-2 and beta-1 globulin bands from electrophoretic pattern was observed, while a single sharp band was observed between beta-2 and gamma globulin in serum protein pattern of acutely Mercuric Chloride treated rats. However, this band could not be visualized in sub-acute studies. Panax ginseng extract exhibits a better protection after acute intoxication.
Kanhiya Mahour - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Assessment of haematotoxic potential of Mercuric Chloride in rat.
Journal of environmental biology, 2009Co-Authors: Kanhiya Mahour, Prabhu N. SaxenaAbstract:The blood is an important liquid connective tissue flow in body and performs the role of distribution of oxygen to various tissues, taken out carbon dioxide and maintains the health status of an organism. Any change in the blood components can cause adverse effects on the body. The effect of Mercuric Chloride has been evaluated on blood in albino rats (Rattus norvegicus). The albino rats were treated with Mercuric Chloride 0.926 mg kg -1 body wt. for acute (1 day) and 0.044 mg kg -1 body wt. for sub-acute (7, 14 and 21 day) sets after calculating LD 50 (9.26 mg kg -1 body wt.). Major changes have been observed in the form of enhanced clotting time (CT) and bleeding time (BT) due to toxic effect of Mercuric Chloride on haemopoietic system along with decrease in the total erythrocyte count (TEC) and haemoglobin concentration (Hb. conc.). The changes in erythrocyte count and haemoglobin concentration have been correlated with cytotoxic effect of Mercuric Chloride on erythropoiesis. However, the intoxication of Mercuric Chloride on total leukocyte count (TLC) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) has been observed to be significantly increased after acute and sub-acute treatments due to leucocytosis and rouleux formation. Moreover, the present observations highlight dose dependent toxicity. Key word: Total erythrocyte count, Erythrocyte sendimentation rate, Wintrobe's tube, Neubaurer haemocytometer PDF of full length paper is available online
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Protective Effect of Panax ginseng extract on Renal Functions Altered by Mercuric Chloride in Albino Rats
Journal of Ginseng Research, 2006Co-Authors: Prabhu N. Saxena, Kanhiya Mahour, Ashok KumarAbstract:Liver and kidney are specific organs which play an active role in biotransformation and detoxification mechanisms. Ant adverse effect of chemicals or heavy metal can cause the delay or fade in these mechanisms. Present study was designed to find out the protective effect of Panax ginseng extract on renal functions altered by Mercuric Chloride (heavy metal) in albino rat. Fifty albino rats were divided into 10 groups. Five groups for acute study and five groups for sud-acute study viz. control group (Tween 20 and distilled water), Mercuric Chloride treated group (0.926 ㎎/㎏ body wt. for acute and 0.044 ㎎/㎏ body wt. for sub-acute group after calculated LD?? (9.26 ㎎/㎏ body wt.) by probit analysis (Finney, 1971)¹, Panax ginseng extract treated group (10 ㎎/㎏ body wt. for acute and sub-acute sets), Mercuric Chloride treated followed by Panax ginseng extract and Panax ginseng extract followed by Mercuric Chloride group. All doses were given orally by gavage tube. The result revealed that the serum urea and creatinine significantly increased in Mercuric Chloride treated group, while significantly decreased (p＜0.01) in Panax ginseng extract group after acute and sub-acute treatment. The biochemical estimation is also confirmed by nephropathological aspect. However, the Panax ginseng extract treated followed by Mercuric Chloride group is more prominent than the Mercuric Chloride treated followed by Panax ginseng extract group. It can be concluded that Panax ginseng extract had a protective nature on renal functions against Mercuric Chloride toxicity in albino rats.
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Panax ginseng Extract as Protectant in Mercuric Chloride Induced Alterations in Protein Biochemistry in the Serum of Albino Rats
Journal of Ginseng Research, 2006Co-Authors: Kanhiya Mahour, Prabhu N. Saxena, Ashok KumarAbstract:Adverse changes in individual’s biochemistry under heavy metal stress are directly linked with its metabolic activity and health status. The present investigation highlights the differences in protecting role of Panax ginseng extract against Mercuric Chloride induced alterations in serum proteins. The assessment was based on dividing fifty albino rats into two sets, one for acute and the other for sub-acute study. All the sets had five groups with five albino rats in each i.e. control group, Mercuric Chloride treated group, Panax ginseng extract treated group, Mercuric Chloride followed by Panax ginseng extract treated group and Panax ginseng extract followed by Mercuric Chloride treated group. Mercuric Chloride was given orally 0.926 ㎎/㎏ body weight for acute set and 0.044 ㎎/㎏ body weight for sub-acute set after LD50 (9.26 ㎎/㎏ body weight) determination by probitt analysis. 10 ㎎/㎏ body weight Panax ginseng extract was given in both acute and sub-acute sets after incorporating safety trials. The control group received tween-20 and distilled water only. The result exhibited significantly reduction (P＜0.01) in serum protein, albumin and globulin following Mercuric Chloride intoxication whereas significant (P＜0.01) enhancement in other groups with Panax ginseng extract as an ingredient confirming its protective role. All serum samples were also electrophoresed in 10% SDS with standard marker using discontinuous buffering system. Gradual disappearance of alpha-2 and beta-1 globulin bands from electrophoretic pattern was observed, while a single sharp band was observed between beta-2 and gamma globulin in serum protein pattern of acutely Mercuric Chloride treated rats. However, this band could not be visualized in sub-acute studies. Panax ginseng extract exhibits a better protection after acute intoxication.
Prabhu N. Saxena - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Assessment of haematotoxic potential of Mercuric Chloride in rat.
Journal of environmental biology, 2009Co-Authors: Kanhiya Mahour, Prabhu N. SaxenaAbstract:The blood is an important liquid connective tissue flow in body and performs the role of distribution of oxygen to various tissues, taken out carbon dioxide and maintains the health status of an organism. Any change in the blood components can cause adverse effects on the body. The effect of Mercuric Chloride has been evaluated on blood in albino rats (Rattus norvegicus). The albino rats were treated with Mercuric Chloride 0.926 mg kg -1 body wt. for acute (1 day) and 0.044 mg kg -1 body wt. for sub-acute (7, 14 and 21 day) sets after calculating LD 50 (9.26 mg kg -1 body wt.). Major changes have been observed in the form of enhanced clotting time (CT) and bleeding time (BT) due to toxic effect of Mercuric Chloride on haemopoietic system along with decrease in the total erythrocyte count (TEC) and haemoglobin concentration (Hb. conc.). The changes in erythrocyte count and haemoglobin concentration have been correlated with cytotoxic effect of Mercuric Chloride on erythropoiesis. However, the intoxication of Mercuric Chloride on total leukocyte count (TLC) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) has been observed to be significantly increased after acute and sub-acute treatments due to leucocytosis and rouleux formation. Moreover, the present observations highlight dose dependent toxicity. Key word: Total erythrocyte count, Erythrocyte sendimentation rate, Wintrobe's tube, Neubaurer haemocytometer PDF of full length paper is available online
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Protective Effect of Panax ginseng extract on Renal Functions Altered by Mercuric Chloride in Albino Rats
Journal of Ginseng Research, 2006Co-Authors: Prabhu N. Saxena, Kanhiya Mahour, Ashok KumarAbstract:Liver and kidney are specific organs which play an active role in biotransformation and detoxification mechanisms. Ant adverse effect of chemicals or heavy metal can cause the delay or fade in these mechanisms. Present study was designed to find out the protective effect of Panax ginseng extract on renal functions altered by Mercuric Chloride (heavy metal) in albino rat. Fifty albino rats were divided into 10 groups. Five groups for acute study and five groups for sud-acute study viz. control group (Tween 20 and distilled water), Mercuric Chloride treated group (0.926 ㎎/㎏ body wt. for acute and 0.044 ㎎/㎏ body wt. for sub-acute group after calculated LD?? (9.26 ㎎/㎏ body wt.) by probit analysis (Finney, 1971)¹, Panax ginseng extract treated group (10 ㎎/㎏ body wt. for acute and sub-acute sets), Mercuric Chloride treated followed by Panax ginseng extract and Panax ginseng extract followed by Mercuric Chloride group. All doses were given orally by gavage tube. The result revealed that the serum urea and creatinine significantly increased in Mercuric Chloride treated group, while significantly decreased (p＜0.01) in Panax ginseng extract group after acute and sub-acute treatment. The biochemical estimation is also confirmed by nephropathological aspect. However, the Panax ginseng extract treated followed by Mercuric Chloride group is more prominent than the Mercuric Chloride treated followed by Panax ginseng extract group. It can be concluded that Panax ginseng extract had a protective nature on renal functions against Mercuric Chloride toxicity in albino rats.
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Panax ginseng Extract as Protectant in Mercuric Chloride Induced Alterations in Protein Biochemistry in the Serum of Albino Rats
Journal of Ginseng Research, 2006Co-Authors: Kanhiya Mahour, Prabhu N. Saxena, Ashok KumarAbstract:Adverse changes in individual’s biochemistry under heavy metal stress are directly linked with its metabolic activity and health status. The present investigation highlights the differences in protecting role of Panax ginseng extract against Mercuric Chloride induced alterations in serum proteins. The assessment was based on dividing fifty albino rats into two sets, one for acute and the other for sub-acute study. All the sets had five groups with five albino rats in each i.e. control group, Mercuric Chloride treated group, Panax ginseng extract treated group, Mercuric Chloride followed by Panax ginseng extract treated group and Panax ginseng extract followed by Mercuric Chloride treated group. Mercuric Chloride was given orally 0.926 ㎎/㎏ body weight for acute set and 0.044 ㎎/㎏ body weight for sub-acute set after LD50 (9.26 ㎎/㎏ body weight) determination by probitt analysis. 10 ㎎/㎏ body weight Panax ginseng extract was given in both acute and sub-acute sets after incorporating safety trials. The control group received tween-20 and distilled water only. The result exhibited significantly reduction (P＜0.01) in serum protein, albumin and globulin following Mercuric Chloride intoxication whereas significant (P＜0.01) enhancement in other groups with Panax ginseng extract as an ingredient confirming its protective role. All serum samples were also electrophoresed in 10% SDS with standard marker using discontinuous buffering system. Gradual disappearance of alpha-2 and beta-1 globulin bands from electrophoretic pattern was observed, while a single sharp band was observed between beta-2 and gamma globulin in serum protein pattern of acutely Mercuric Chloride treated rats. However, this band could not be visualized in sub-acute studies. Panax ginseng extract exhibits a better protection after acute intoxication.
Ayse Aslanturk - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Vitamin E and Sodium Selenite Against Mercuric Chloride-Induced Lung Toxicity in the Rats
Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology, 2015Co-Authors: Emine Celikoglu, Ayse Aslanturk, Yusuf KalenderAbstract:The aim of the present study was to elucidate the possible protective role of vitamin E and / or sodium selenite on Mercuric Chloride-induced oxidative stress and histopathological changes in the lung tissue of the rats. Adult male albino Wistar rats were exposed to Mercuric Chloride (1.0 mg/kg day) for four weeks. Treatment with Mercuric Chloride led to oxidative stress by enhancing MDA level and also decreasing superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione S transferaz (GST) activities. However, Mercuric Chloride exposure resulted in histopathological changes in the lung tissue in the rats. MDA level and SOD, CAT GPx and GST activities and histopathological changes modulated in concomitantly supplementation of vitamin E (100 mg/kg day) and /or sodium selenite (0.25 mg/kg day) to Mercuric Chloride-treated groups.
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Sodium selenite and vitamin E in preventing Mercuric Chloride induced renal toxicity in rats
Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association, 2014Co-Authors: Ayse Aslanturk, Meltem Uzunhisarcikli, Suna Kalender, Filiz DemirAbstract:Abstract This study aims to investigate improving effects of sodium selenite and/or vitamin E on Mercuric Chloride-induced kidney impairments in rats. Wistar male rats were exposed either to sodium selenite (0.25 mg/kg day), vitamin E (100 mg/kg day), sodium selenite + vitamin E, Mercuric Chloride (1 mg/kg day), sodium selenite + Mercuric Chloride, vitamin E + Mercuric Chloride and sodium selenite + vitamin E + Mercuric Chloride for 4 weeks. Mercuric Chloride exposure resulted in an increase in the uric acid, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and a decrease in the superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities. Histopathological changes were detected in kidney tissues in Mercuric Chloride-treated groups. A significant decrease in the uric acid, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen and MDA levels and a significant increase in the SOD, CAT and GPx activities were observed in the supplementation of sodium selenite and/or vitamin E to Mercuric Chloride-treated groups. Conclusively, sodium selenite, vitamin E and vitamin E + sodium selenite significantly reduce Mercuric Chloride induced nephrotoxicity in rats, but not protect completely.
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Mercuric Chloride induced testicular toxicity in rats and the protective role of sodium selenite and vitamin e
Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2013Co-Authors: Suna Kalender, Meltem Uzunhisarcikli, Filiz Demir, Fatma Gokce Uzun, Ayse AslanturkAbstract:Abstract Mercury has been recognized as an environmental pollutant that adversely affects male reproductive systems of animals. This study examined the effects of Mercuric Chloride on the antioxidant system and histopathological changes and also evaluated the ameliorating effects of sodium selenite and/or vitamin E in the rat testis tissues. Sexually mature male Wistar rats (weighing 300–320 g and each group six animals) were given Mercuric Chloride (1 mg/kg bw) and/or sodium selenite (0.25 mg/kg bw) + vitamin E (100 mg/kg) daily via gavage for 4 weeks. In the present study, Mercuric Chloride exposure resulted in an increase in the TBARS level and a decrease in the SOD, CAT, GPx activities, with respect to the control. Further, light microscopic investigation revealed that mercury exposure induced histopathological alterations in the testis tissues. Supplementation of sodium selenite and/or vitamin E to mercury-induced groups declined lipid peroxidation, increased SOD, CAT, GPx activities. While some histopathological changes were detected in Mercuric Chloride treated group, milder histopathological changes were observed in animal co-treated with sodium selenite and/or vitamin E supplementation to Mercuric Chloride-treated rats. As a result, Mercuric Chloride induced testicular toxicity is reduced by sodium selenite and/or vitamin E, but not ameliorate completely.
Madhu Kumar - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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spirulina fusiformis provides protection against Mercuric Chloride induced oxidative stress in swiss albino mice
Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2007Co-Authors: Mukesh Sharma, Ashok Kumar, Ambika Sharma, Madhu KumarAbstract:Oxidative stress induced by Mercuric Chloride (5 mg/kg body weight i.p.) in mice substantially increases the lipid peroxidation level along with corresponding decrease in the reduced glutathione and various antioxidant enzymes in liver and increase in serum transaminases activity. Supplementation of Spirulina (800 mg/kg body weight orally, in olive oil, along with Mercuric Chloride) for 40 days resulted in decreased LPO level, serum glutamate oxaloacetate and serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase activity along with increase in liver GSH level. The activities of antioxidants enzymes superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione-S-transferase were also concomitantly restored to near normal level by Spirulina supplementation to Mercuric Chloride intoxicated mice. The results clearly demonstrate that Spirulina treatment augments the antioxidants defense mechanism in Mercuric Chloride induced toxicity and provides evidence that it may have a therapeutic role in free radical mediated diseases.