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Adrian Wells - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Development and preliminary validation of the Meta-Cognitions Questionnaire: Adolescent Version
Journal of anxiety disorders, 2004Co-Authors: Sam Cartwright-hatton, Alison Mather, Vicky Illingworth, Jo Brocki, Richard Harrington, Adrian WellsAbstract:This study describes the development of the Meta-Cognitions Questionnaire for Adolescents (MCQ-A). The adult version of this questionnaire has been widely used, and the meta-cognitive theory of emotional disorders has become influential in the adult literature. This study sought to examine the prevalence and emotional correlates of Meta-Cognition in adolescents. The MCQ-A was administered to 177 schoolchildren aged 13 through 17 years, together with measures of emotional well-being. Factor analysis suggested a five-factor solution similar to that reported for the adult version. Internal consistency of the scale was high. Scores ranged from low to high across the age range, suggesting that meta-cognitive beliefs are well-established by adolescence. Scores on the MCQ-A were highly correlated with a number of measures of emotional symptoms. The MCQ-A is a reliable and valid instrument for measuring meta-cognitive beliefs in adolescents. Young people aged between 13 and 17 years report a range of types and levels of meta-cognitive beliefs and these are positively associated with emotional symptoms.
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Beliefs about Worry and Intrusions: The Meta-Cognitions Questionnaire and its Correlates
Journal of anxiety disorders, 1997Co-Authors: Sam Cartwright-hatton, Adrian WellsAbstract:Abstract This report describes the development of the Meta-Cognitions Questionnaire to measure beliefs about worry and intrusive thoughts. Factor analyses of the scale demonstrated five empirically distinct and relatively stable dimensions of Meta-Cognition. Four of the factors representing beliefs were: Positive Beliefs About Worry; Negative Beliefs About the Controllability of Thoughts and Corresponding Danger; Cognitive Confidence; and Negative Beliefs about Thoughts in General, including Themes of Superstition, Punishment and Responsibility. The fifth factor represented Meta-Cognitive processes — Cognitive Self-Consciousness — a tendency to be aware of and monitor thinking. The measure showed good psychometric properties on a range of indices of reliability and validity. Scores on the questionnaire subscales predicted measures of worry proneness, proneness to obsessional symptoms, and anxiety. Regression analyses showed that the independent predictors of worry were: Positive Beliefs about Worry; Negative Beliefs About the Controllability of Thoughts and Corresponding Danger; and Cognitive Confidence. Significant differences in particular MCQ subscales were demonstrated between patients with intrusive thoughts, clinical controls and normals. The implications of these findings for models of worry and intrusive thoughts are discussed. © 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd
Brendon Stubbs - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the effect of active video games on cognitive functioning in clinical and non clinical populations a meta analysis of randomized controlled trials
Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 2017Co-Authors: Emma Stanmore, Davy Vancampfort, Eling D De Bruin, Brendon Stubbs, Joseph FirthAbstract:Physically-active video games ('exergames') have recently gained popularity for leisure and entertainment purposes. Using exergames to combine physical activity and cognitively-demanding tasks may offer a novel strategy to improve cognitive functioning. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis was performed to establish effects of exergames on overall cognition and specific cognitive domains in clinical and non-clinical populations. We identified 17 eligible RCTs with cognitive outcome data for 926 participants. Random-effects meta-analyses found exergames significantly improved global cognition (g=0.436, 95% CI=0.18-0.69, p=0.001). Significant effects still existed when excluding waitlist-only controlled studies, and when comparing to physical activity interventions. Furthermore, benefits of exergames where observed for both healthy older adults and clinical populations with conditions associated with neurocognitive impairments (all p<0.05). Domain-specific analyses found exergames improved executive functions, attentional processing and visuospatial skills. The findings present the first meta-analytic evidence for effects of exergames on cognition. Future research must establish which patient/treatment factors influence efficacy of exergames, and explore neurobiological mechanisms of action.
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aerobic exercise improves cognitive functioning in people with schizophrenia a systematic review and meta analysis
Schizophrenia Bulletin, 2016Co-Authors: Joseph Firth, Simon Rosenbaum, Felipe Barreto Schuch, Davy Vancampfort, Rebecca Elliott, Brendon Stubbs, Berend Malchow, Keith H. Nuechterlein, Alison R YungAbstract:Cognitive deficits are pervasive among people with schizophrenia and treatment options are limited. There has been an increased interest in the neurocognitive benefits of exercise, but a comprehensive evaluation of studies to date is lacking. We therefore conducted a meta-analysis of all controlled trials investigating the cognitive outcomes of exercise interventions in schizophrenia. Studies were identified from a systematic search across major electronic databases from inception to April 2016. Meta-analyses were used to calculate pooled effect sizes (Hedges g) and 95% CIs. We identified 10 eligible trials with cognitive outcome data for 385 patients with schizophrenia. Exercise significantly improved global cognition (g = 0.33, 95% CI = 0.13-0.53, P = .001) with no statistical heterogeneity (I-2 = 0%). The effect size in the 7 studies which were randomized controlled trials was g = 0.43 (P < .001). Meta-regression analyses indicated that greater amounts of exercise are associated with larger improvements in global cognition (beta = .005, P = .065). Interventions which were supervised by physical activity professionals were also more effective (g = 0.47, P < .001). Exercise significantly improved the cognitive domains of working memory (g = 0.39, P = .024, N = 7, n = 282), social cognition (g = 0.71, P = .002, N = 3, n = 81), and attention/vigilance (g = 0.66, P = .005, N = 3, n = 104). Effects on processing speed, verbal memory, visual memory and reasoning and problem solving were not significant. This meta-analysis provides evidence that exercise can improve cognitive functioning among people with schizophrenia, particularly from interventions using higher dosages of exercise. Given the challenges in improving cognition, and the wider health benefits of exercise, a greater focus on providing supervised exercise to people with schizophrenia is needed.
Joseph Firth - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the effect of active video games on cognitive functioning in clinical and non clinical populations a meta analysis of randomized controlled trials
Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 2017Co-Authors: Emma Stanmore, Davy Vancampfort, Eling D De Bruin, Brendon Stubbs, Joseph FirthAbstract:Physically-active video games ('exergames') have recently gained popularity for leisure and entertainment purposes. Using exergames to combine physical activity and cognitively-demanding tasks may offer a novel strategy to improve cognitive functioning. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis was performed to establish effects of exergames on overall cognition and specific cognitive domains in clinical and non-clinical populations. We identified 17 eligible RCTs with cognitive outcome data for 926 participants. Random-effects meta-analyses found exergames significantly improved global cognition (g=0.436, 95% CI=0.18-0.69, p=0.001). Significant effects still existed when excluding waitlist-only controlled studies, and when comparing to physical activity interventions. Furthermore, benefits of exergames where observed for both healthy older adults and clinical populations with conditions associated with neurocognitive impairments (all p<0.05). Domain-specific analyses found exergames improved executive functions, attentional processing and visuospatial skills. The findings present the first meta-analytic evidence for effects of exergames on cognition. Future research must establish which patient/treatment factors influence efficacy of exergames, and explore neurobiological mechanisms of action.
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aerobic exercise improves cognitive functioning in people with schizophrenia a systematic review and meta analysis
Schizophrenia Bulletin, 2016Co-Authors: Joseph Firth, Simon Rosenbaum, Felipe Barreto Schuch, Davy Vancampfort, Rebecca Elliott, Brendon Stubbs, Berend Malchow, Keith H. Nuechterlein, Alison R YungAbstract:Cognitive deficits are pervasive among people with schizophrenia and treatment options are limited. There has been an increased interest in the neurocognitive benefits of exercise, but a comprehensive evaluation of studies to date is lacking. We therefore conducted a meta-analysis of all controlled trials investigating the cognitive outcomes of exercise interventions in schizophrenia. Studies were identified from a systematic search across major electronic databases from inception to April 2016. Meta-analyses were used to calculate pooled effect sizes (Hedges g) and 95% CIs. We identified 10 eligible trials with cognitive outcome data for 385 patients with schizophrenia. Exercise significantly improved global cognition (g = 0.33, 95% CI = 0.13-0.53, P = .001) with no statistical heterogeneity (I-2 = 0%). The effect size in the 7 studies which were randomized controlled trials was g = 0.43 (P < .001). Meta-regression analyses indicated that greater amounts of exercise are associated with larger improvements in global cognition (beta = .005, P = .065). Interventions which were supervised by physical activity professionals were also more effective (g = 0.47, P < .001). Exercise significantly improved the cognitive domains of working memory (g = 0.39, P = .024, N = 7, n = 282), social cognition (g = 0.71, P = .002, N = 3, n = 81), and attention/vigilance (g = 0.66, P = .005, N = 3, n = 104). Effects on processing speed, verbal memory, visual memory and reasoning and problem solving were not significant. This meta-analysis provides evidence that exercise can improve cognitive functioning among people with schizophrenia, particularly from interventions using higher dosages of exercise. Given the challenges in improving cognition, and the wider health benefits of exercise, a greater focus on providing supervised exercise to people with schizophrenia is needed.
Alan G Sanfey - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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decoding the role of the insula in human cognition functional parcellation and large scale reverse inference
Cerebral Cortex, 2013Co-Authors: Luke J Chang, Tal Yarkoni, Mel W Khaw, Alan G SanfeyAbstract:Recent work has indicated that the insula may be involved in goaldirected cognition, switching between networks, and the conscious awareness of affect and somatosensation. However, these findings have been limited by the insula’s remarkably high base rate of activation and considerable functional heterogeneity. The present study used a relatively unbiased data-driven approach combining resting-state connectivity-based parcellation of the insula with large-scale meta-analysis to understand how the insula is anatomically organized based on functional connectivity patterns as well as the consistency and specificity of the associated cognitive functions. Our findings support a tripartite subdivision of the insula and reveal that the patterns of functional connectivity in the resting-state analysis appear to be relatively conserved across tasks in the meta-analytic coactivation analysis. The function of the networks was meta-analytically ‘‘decoded’’ using the Neurosynth framework and revealed that while the dorsoanterior insula is more consistently involved in human cognition than ventroanterior and posterior networks, each parcellated network is specifically associated with a distinct function. Collectively, this work suggests that the insula is instrumental in integrating disparate functional systems involved in processing affect, sensory-motor processing, and general cognition and is well suited to provide an interface between feelings, cognition, and action.
Lu Xiao-zhou - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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A Research on the Present Situation and Training of English Reading Meta-Cognition of Rural Junior School Students
Overseas English, 2011Co-Authors: Lu Xiao-zhouAbstract:Based on the investigation of the level and developmental characteristics of reading Meta-Cognition,the following four measures are proposed to improve reading Meta-Cognition in rural junior school students,i.e.,(a) teachers should improve their own reading Meta-Cognition;(b) teachers should effectively help students break off words and grammar difficulties;(c) teachers should help students in reading meta-cognitive knowledge and mete-cognitive monitoring;and(d) teachers should aim at developmental characteristics of reading Meta-Cognition of rural junior school students.
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The Effects of Reading Meta-Cognition Training on English Reading of Rural Junior School Students
Overseas English, 2011Co-Authors: Lu Xiao-zhouAbstract:The effect of reading Meta-Cognition training on reading motivations and reading comprehension were experimentally investigated in English-studying rural junior school students over 10 weeks. The results showed (a) that Meta-Cognition training improved reading Meta-Cognition and reading comprehension; (b) that training improved reading motivations, with the significant increase of the inner motivation and the decrease of the avoidant motivation for reading difficult. The results warranted the application of Meta-Cognition training in English reading comprehension teaching in rural junior schools.