The Experts below are selected from a list of 23151 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Adrian Wells - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Metacognitive beliefs moderate the relationship between catastrophic misinterpretation and health anxiety.
Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 2015Co-Authors: Robin Bailey, Adrian WellsAbstract:Abstract Catastrophic misinterpretations of bodily symptoms have a central role in cognitive-behavioural models of health anxiety. However, the metacognitive (S-REF) model postulates that psychological disturbance is linked more to beliefs about thinking i.e., Metacognition. Equally the relationship between catastrophic misinterpretation and health anxiety should be moderated by Metacognition, in particular negative beliefs about the uncontrollability and danger of thinking (MCQNeg). Participants (N = 351) completed measures to examine the relationship between these variables. Results indicated positive relationships between Metacognition, catastrophic misinterpretation, and health anxiety. Moderation analysis showed that the effect of catastrophic misinterpretations on health anxiety was explained by the proposed interaction with Metacognition. Follow-up regression analysis demonstrated the interaction term explained variance in health anxiety when controlling for other variables, and was a stronger unique predictor of health anxiety than catastrophic misinterpretation. Metacognition appears to be an important factor in the relationship between catastrophic misinterpretation and health anxiety, and would have important implications for existing models and treatment.
-
the temporal precedence of Metacognition in the development of anxiety and depression symptoms in the context of life stress a prospective study
Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 2011Co-Authors: Esin A Yilmaz, Tulin Gencoz, Adrian WellsAbstract:Abstract According to the metacognitive theory of psychological disorder, Metacognitions are vulnerability factors in predicting development of psychological symptoms. The present study investigated metacognitive factors and life stress in a prospective test of their proposed temporal precedence in the development of anxiety and depression symptoms. Participants were 172 students and adults recruited in Ankara and Bolu, Turkey. Two separate sets of hierarchical regression analyses were conducted. In these analyses, Time 2 anxiety or depression was regressed on the main and interaction effects of Metacognition and stress after controlling for baseline symptom levels measured at Time 1, age, and gender. Results revealed that negative metacognitive beliefs about the uncontrollability and danger of worry significantly predicted residual change in both anxiety and depression after controlling for the negative effect of stressful life events. Furthermore, lack of cognitive confidence interacted with daily hassles to predict the change in anxiety, when the baseline level of anxiety and other individual differences were controlled. Our results support the metacognitive theory of psychopathology.
-
Metacognitions across the continuum of drinking behaviour
Personality and Individual Differences, 2010Co-Authors: Marcantonio M Spada, Adrian WellsAbstract:Research has indicated that Metacognitions are involved in problem drinking. To date, however, no study has investigated the presence of Metacognitions about alcohol use in alcohol dependent drinkers. A sample of alcohol dependent drinkers (n = 48), problem drinkers (n = 69), and non-problem drinkers (n = 70) completed self-report measures of positive and negative Metacognitions about alcohol use, negative emotion, and drinking behaviour. Results indicated that alcohol dependent drinkers scored higher than non-problem drinkers on positive Metacognitions about emotional self-regulation. Alcohol dependent drinkers also scored higher than both problem drinkers and non-problem drinkers on positive Metacognitions about cognitive self-regulation, negative Metacognitions about uncontrollability, and negative Metacognitions about cognitive harm. Furthermore on positive Metacognitions about cognitive self-regulation problem drinkers scored higher than non-problem drinkers. A logistic regression analysis indicated that negative Metacognitions about uncontrollability and depression were significant predictors of classification as an alcohol dependent drinker. These results are consistent with a metacognitive conceptualization of problematic drinking behaviour and further add to our understanding of the role of specific Metacognitions across the continuum of drinking behaviour.
-
Metacognition perceived stress and negative emotion
Personality and Individual Differences, 2008Co-Authors: Marcantonio M Spada, Giovanni B Moneta, Adrian Wells, Ana V NikcevicAbstract:The present study explored the relationships between Metacognition, perceived stress and negative emotion. A convenience sample of 420 participants completed the following questionnaires: Metacognitions questionnaire 30 (MCQ-30), perceived stress scale (PSS), and hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS). A cross-sectional design was adopted and data analysis consisted of correlation and structural equation modeling analyses. Metacognition was found to be positively and significantly correlated with both perceived stress and negative emotion (anxiety and depression). Positive and significant correlations were also observed between perceived stress, anxiety and depression. Structural equation modeling was used to test a moderation model in which Metacognition moderates the relationship between perceived stress and negative emotion. The results supported this hypothesis. These preliminary results would seem to suggest that individual differences in Metacognition are relevant to understanding the link between perceived stress and negative emotion.
-
emotional disorders and Metacognition innovative cognitive therapy
2000Co-Authors: Adrian WellsAbstract:List of Figures. List of Tables. About the Author. Preface. Acknowledgements. PART I: THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVES. Setting the Stage: Metacognition and Cognitive Therapy. The Self-Regulatory Executive Function (S-REF) Model. Metacognition and Emotional Disorder: Evidence for the S-REF Model. Emotional Processing, the S-REF and Trauma Therapy. S-REF, Schema Theory and Interactive Cognitive Subsystems (ICS). PART II: CLINICAL APPLICATIONS. Metacognitive Focused Therapy: Basic Constructs. Clinical Assessment of Metacognitions. Modifying Beliefs. New Pathways for Cognitive Restructuring: Attention Modifications (ATT and SAR). Treating Pathological Worry and Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Treating Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. Concluding Remarks. Appendix I: Metacognitions Questionnaire (MCQ). Appendix II: Scoring Key for the MCQ. Appendix III: Anxious Thoughts Inventory (AnTI). Appendix IV: Scoring Key for the AnTI. Appendix V: Thought Control Questionnaire. Appendix VI: Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GADS). References. Author Index. Subject Index.
Sze Chai Kwok - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
causal evidence for mnemonic Metacognition in human precuneus
The Journal of Neuroscience, 2018Co-Authors: Qun Ye, Sze Chai Kwok, Yi HuAbstract:Metacognition is the capacity to introspectively monitor and control one9s own cognitive processes. Previous anatomical and functional neuroimaging findings implicated the important role of the precuneus in Metacognition processing, especially during mnemonic tasks. However, the issue of whether this medial parietal cortex is a domain-specific region that supports mnemonic Metacognition remains controversial. Here, we focally disrupted this parietal area with repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in healthy human participants of both sexes, seeking to ascertain its functional necessity for Metacognition in memory versus perceptual decisions. Perturbing precuneal activity selectively impaired metacognitive efficiency of temporal-order memory judgment, but not perceptual discrimination. Moreover, the correlation in individuals9 metacognitive efficiency between domains disappeared when the precuneus was perturbed. Together, these findings provide evidence reinforcing the notion that the precuneal region plays an important role in mediating Metacognition of episodic memory retrieval. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Theories on the neural basis of Metacognition have thus far been largely centered on the role of the prefrontal cortex. Here we refined the theoretical framework through characterizing a unique precuneal involvement in mnemonic Metacognition with a noninvasive but inferentially powerful method: transcranial magnetic stimulation. By quantifying metacognitive efficiency across two distinct domains (memory vs perception) that are matched for stimulus characteristics, we reveal an instrumental role of the precuneus in mnemonic Metacognition. This causal evidence corroborates ample clinical reports that parietal lobe lesions often produce inaccurate self-reports of confidence in memory recollection and establish the precuneus as a nexus for the introspective ability to evaluate the success of memory judgment in humans.
-
causal evidence for mnemonic Metacognition in human precuneus
bioRxiv, 2018Co-Authors: Qun Ye, Yi Hu, Sze Chai KwokAbstract:Metacognition is the capacity to introspectively monitor and control one's own cognitive processes. Previous anatomical and functional neuroimaging findings implicated the important role of precuneus in Metacognition processing, especially during mnemonic tasks. However, the issue of whether this medial parietal cortex is a domain-specific region that supports mnemonic Metacognition remains controversial. Here, we focally disrupted this parietal area with repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in healthy participants of both sexes, seeking to ascertain its functional necessity for Metacognition for memory versus perceptual decisions. Perturbing the precuneal activity impaired the metacognitive efficiency selectively in the memory judgment of temporal-order, but not in perceptual discrimination. Moreover, the correlation in individuals' metacognitive efficiency between the domains disappeared when the precuneus was perturbed. Together with the previous finding that lesion to the anterior prefrontal cortex impairs perceptual but not mnemonic Metacognition, we double dissociated the macro-anatomical underpinnings for the two kinds of metacognitive capacity in an interconnected network of brain regions.
Giovanni B Moneta - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Coping and perceived stress as a function of positive Metacognitions and positive meta-emotions
Individual Differences Research, 2012Co-Authors: Nils Beer, Giovanni B MonetaAbstract:Based on the recently developed construct of adaptive metacognitive traits and classic theories of coping, it was hypothesized that Confidence in Extinguishing Perseverative Thoughts and Emotions would correlate negatively with maladaptive coping, Confidence in Interpreting Own Emotions as Cues and in Setting Flexible and Feasible Hierarchies of Goals would correlate positively with adaptive coping, and both metacognitive traits would correlate negatively with perceived stress. A sample of 212 workers and students completed the Positive Metacognitions and Positive Meta-Emotions Questionnaire, Meta-Cognitions Questionnaire 30, Brief Coping Questionnaire, and Perceived Stress Scale. Structural equation modeling supported the hypotheses suggesting that adaptive Metacognition fosters adaptive coping and prevents maladaptive coping and perceived stress controlling for maladaptive Metacognition. Directions for future research are outlined.
-
Metacognition perceived stress and negative emotion
Personality and Individual Differences, 2008Co-Authors: Marcantonio M Spada, Giovanni B Moneta, Adrian Wells, Ana V NikcevicAbstract:The present study explored the relationships between Metacognition, perceived stress and negative emotion. A convenience sample of 420 participants completed the following questionnaires: Metacognitions questionnaire 30 (MCQ-30), perceived stress scale (PSS), and hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS). A cross-sectional design was adopted and data analysis consisted of correlation and structural equation modeling analyses. Metacognition was found to be positively and significantly correlated with both perceived stress and negative emotion (anxiety and depression). Positive and significant correlations were also observed between perceived stress, anxiety and depression. Structural equation modeling was used to test a moderation model in which Metacognition moderates the relationship between perceived stress and negative emotion. The results supported this hypothesis. These preliminary results would seem to suggest that individual differences in Metacognition are relevant to understanding the link between perceived stress and negative emotion.
Marcantonio M Spada - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Metacognitions across the continuum of drinking behaviour
Personality and Individual Differences, 2010Co-Authors: Marcantonio M Spada, Adrian WellsAbstract:Research has indicated that Metacognitions are involved in problem drinking. To date, however, no study has investigated the presence of Metacognitions about alcohol use in alcohol dependent drinkers. A sample of alcohol dependent drinkers (n = 48), problem drinkers (n = 69), and non-problem drinkers (n = 70) completed self-report measures of positive and negative Metacognitions about alcohol use, negative emotion, and drinking behaviour. Results indicated that alcohol dependent drinkers scored higher than non-problem drinkers on positive Metacognitions about emotional self-regulation. Alcohol dependent drinkers also scored higher than both problem drinkers and non-problem drinkers on positive Metacognitions about cognitive self-regulation, negative Metacognitions about uncontrollability, and negative Metacognitions about cognitive harm. Furthermore on positive Metacognitions about cognitive self-regulation problem drinkers scored higher than non-problem drinkers. A logistic regression analysis indicated that negative Metacognitions about uncontrollability and depression were significant predictors of classification as an alcohol dependent drinker. These results are consistent with a metacognitive conceptualization of problematic drinking behaviour and further add to our understanding of the role of specific Metacognitions across the continuum of drinking behaviour.
-
Metacognition perceived stress and negative emotion
Personality and Individual Differences, 2008Co-Authors: Marcantonio M Spada, Giovanni B Moneta, Adrian Wells, Ana V NikcevicAbstract:The present study explored the relationships between Metacognition, perceived stress and negative emotion. A convenience sample of 420 participants completed the following questionnaires: Metacognitions questionnaire 30 (MCQ-30), perceived stress scale (PSS), and hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS). A cross-sectional design was adopted and data analysis consisted of correlation and structural equation modeling analyses. Metacognition was found to be positively and significantly correlated with both perceived stress and negative emotion (anxiety and depression). Positive and significant correlations were also observed between perceived stress, anxiety and depression. Structural equation modeling was used to test a moderation model in which Metacognition moderates the relationship between perceived stress and negative emotion. The results supported this hypothesis. These preliminary results would seem to suggest that individual differences in Metacognition are relevant to understanding the link between perceived stress and negative emotion.
-
Metacognitions, Emotions, and Procrastination
Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy, 2006Co-Authors: Marcantonio M Spada, Kalliopi Hiou, Ana V. NikčevićAbstract:The present study explored the relationships between Metacognitions, negative emotions, and procrastination. A convenience sample of 179 participants completed the following questionnaires: General Procrastination Scale, Decisional Procrastination Scale, Meta-cognitions Questionnaire 30, Penn State Worry Questionnaire and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. A cross-sectional design was adopted and data analysis consisted of correlation and multiple regression analyses. One dimension of Metacognitions was found to be positively and significantly correlated with behavioral procrastination. Four dimensions of Metacognitions were found to be positively and significantly correlated with decisional procrastination. Positive and significant relationships were also observed between anxiety, depression and behavioral procrastination; and between anxiety, depression, worry, and decisional procrastination. Multiple regression analyses indicated that depression and beliefs about cognitive confidence independently predicted behavioral procrastination, and that depression and positive beliefs about worry independently predicted decisional procrastination. These preliminary results would seem to suggest that metacognitive theory may be relevant to understanding procrastination. Keywords: anxiety; depression; worry; Metacognitions; procrastination Procrastination is so common that it hardly seems problematic or worthy of significant scrutiny. However, people that present a chronic behavior of intentional inactivity report experiencing negative emotions because of their inability to complete tasks on time, meet deadlines, or make decisions on minor and major matters of life routine. A range of studies has shown that anxiety, depression, and worry are associated with procrastinatory behavior (Antony, Purdon, Huta, & Swinson, 1998; Ferrari, Johnson, & McCown, 1995; Stober & Joormann, 2001; Tallis, Eysenck, & Matthews, 1992). Research has shown that there are two fundamental types of procrastination (Ferrari, 1993; Milgram & Tenne, 2000). One type is defined as behavioral procrastination (McCown, Johnson, & Petzel, 1989), which is the delay of the completion of major and minor tasks. The other type is decisional procrastination, described as the purposive delay in making decisions within some specific time frame (Effert & Ferrari, 1989). Although cognitive therapy approaches explain the role of negative beliefs about the self in the maintenance of procrastination (Ellis & Knaus, 1977; Lopez & Wambach, 1982; McCown & Silverman, 1986; Shoham-Saloman, Avner, & Neeman, 1989), they do not explain the mechanisms by which beliefs affect or control the cognitive processing of procrastinators. A number of recent theorists (Wells, 2000; Wells & Matthews, 1994; Wells & Purdon, 1999) have highlighted the limitations of "content-based" cognitive therapy approaches, suggesting a novel framework for conceptualizing cognition in psychological dysfunction that emphasizes Metacognition (Wells & Matthews, 1994). Metacognition refers to the beliefs, psychological structures, events, and processes that are implicated in the control, modification, and interpretation of thinking itself (Flavell, 1979; Wells, 2000). The Self-Regulatory Executive Function (S-REF; Wells & Matthews, 1994) theory was the first to conceptualize multiple metacognitive factors as control components of information processing that affect the development and persistence of psychological disorders. In their S-REF theory, Wells and Matthews (1994) suggest that the knowledge base of emotionally vulnerable individuals may be responsible for predisposing them to select and engage in maladaptive cognitive styles and control strategies (such as rumination and worry). More specifically, Wells and Matthews (1994) hypothesized that such strategies are linked to, and supported and directed by, underlying Metacognitions regarding their functions and consequences. …
Ana V Nikcevic - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Metacognition perceived stress and negative emotion
Personality and Individual Differences, 2008Co-Authors: Marcantonio M Spada, Giovanni B Moneta, Adrian Wells, Ana V NikcevicAbstract:The present study explored the relationships between Metacognition, perceived stress and negative emotion. A convenience sample of 420 participants completed the following questionnaires: Metacognitions questionnaire 30 (MCQ-30), perceived stress scale (PSS), and hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS). A cross-sectional design was adopted and data analysis consisted of correlation and structural equation modeling analyses. Metacognition was found to be positively and significantly correlated with both perceived stress and negative emotion (anxiety and depression). Positive and significant correlations were also observed between perceived stress, anxiety and depression. Structural equation modeling was used to test a moderation model in which Metacognition moderates the relationship between perceived stress and negative emotion. The results supported this hypothesis. These preliminary results would seem to suggest that individual differences in Metacognition are relevant to understanding the link between perceived stress and negative emotion.
