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Ying Zeng - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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solid liquid equilibrium in the aqueous system containing the chlorides of lithium rubidium and magnesium at 323k
Fluid Phase Equilibria, 2014Co-Authors: Dongbo Jiang, Qi Tan, Ying ZengAbstract:Abstract The densities, refractive indices and compositions of solutions of electrolyte mixtures in quaternary system LiCl + RbCl + MgCl 2 + H 2 O at 323 K were determined by isothermal evaporation method. The stereo Phase diagram, the Metastable Phase diagram, the water content diagram, and the diagrams of the physicochemical properties depending on the composition were obtained using the measured data. The Metastable Phase diagram of this quaternary system contains three invariant points (H 1 , H 2 , and H 3 ), seven univariant curves, and five crystallization fields corresponding to single salts lithium chloride monohydrate (LiCl·H 2 O), rubidium chloride (RbCl), magnesium chloride hexahydrate (MgCl 2 ·6H 2 O), and two double salts: lithium carnallite (LiCl·MgCl 2 ·7H 2 O) and rubidium carnallite (RbCl·MgCl 2 ·6H 2 O). The scope of areas of crystallization of salts is such that RbCl·MgCl 2 ·6H 2 O > RbCl > LiCl·H 2 O > MgCl 2 ·6H 2 O > LiCl·MgCl 2 ·7H 2 O. The physicochemical properties of the solutions, at equilibrium, change regularly with the change of the concentration of MgCl 2 .
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Metastable Phase equilibrium of the quinary aqueous system li k cl co32 b4o72 h2o at 273 15 k
Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data, 2014Co-Authors: Ruilin Wang, Ying ZengAbstract:The Metastable Phase equilibrium of the quinary aqueous system Li+ + K+ + Cl– + CO32– + B4O72– + H2O was investigated at 273.15 K using an isothermal evaporation method. The solubilities and densities of the equilibrated solution were determined. Based on the experimental data, the space Metastable Phase diagram and the projected Phase diagram saturated with salt Li2CO3 of the quinary system at 273.15 K were constructed. The projected Phase diagram of this system consists of three invariant points, seven univariant curves, and five crystallization fields corresponding to the single salts LiCl·H2O, KCl, K2B4O7·4H2O, K2CO3·3/2H2O, and LiBO2·8H2O. Comparisons between the Phase diagrams at 273.15 K and at 298.15 K show that the crystallization form of lithium borate is LiBO2·8H2O at 273.15 K, which formed as Li2B4O7·5H2O at 298.15 K.
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Metastable Phase equilibrium in the quaternary system licl kcl rbcl h2o at 348 15 k
Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data, 2013Co-Authors: Qinghong Yin, Ying Zeng, Qi TanAbstract:The Metastable Phase equilibrium of the quaternary system LiCl + KCl + RbCl + H2O at 348.15 K was done by using an isothermal evaporation method. The solubilities, densities, and refractive indices of the equilibrated solution were determined experimentally. On the basis of the measured data, the stereo Phase diagram, the Metastable Phase diagram, the water content diagram, and the physicochemical properties versus composition diagrams were constructed. Results show that the quaternary system is of a complex type with the solid solution of potassium chloride and rubidium chloride [(K, Rb)Cl] formed at 348.15 K. The Metastable Phase diagram consists of two invariant points, five univariant curves, and four crystallization fields corresponding to single salts potassium chloride (KCl), rubidium chloride (RbCl), lithium chloride monohydrate (LiCl·H2O), and a solid solution of potassium and rubidium chloride [(K, Rb)Cl]. Salt RbCl has the largest solubility among the coexisting salts and presents the smallest ...
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Metastable Phase equilibria for the quaternary system containing potassium magnesium rubidium and chloride at 323 15 k
Fluid Phase Equilibria, 2013Co-Authors: Dongbo Jiang, Ying ZengAbstract:Abstract By employing the method of isothermal evaporation, the Metastable Phase equilibria of the quaternary systems KCl + RbCl + MgCl 2 + H 2 O were researched at 323.15 K. In this paper, the solubilities and physicochemical properties, such as refractive indices and densities of the equilibrated solution, were determined. Through analysis of the experiments data, the Metastable Phase diagram, the water content diagram and physicochemical properties versus composition diagrams of the quaternary system were plotted. The study results indicated that in the Metastable Phase diagram, there were four invariant points (H 1 , H 2 , H 3 , H 4 ), nine univariant curves, and six crystallization fields. And the six crystallization fields were magnesium chloride hexahydrate (MgCl 2 ·6H 2 O) and potassium chloride (KCl) and rubidium chloride (RbCl) and a rubidium and magnesium chloride double salt named carnallite (RbCl·MgCl 2 ·6H 2 O) and a potassium and magnesium chloride double salt named carnallite (KCl·MgCl 2 ·6H 2 O) and a solid solution of potassium and rubidium chloride [(K, Rb)Cl]. The solid solution [(K, Rb)Cl] had the largest crystallization field. This showed that only by using evaporation and crystallization methods at 323.15 K, was it difficult to separate potassium from rubidium in chloride solution. The physicochemical properties of the quaternary system change regularly with the changes of composition in aqueous solutions.
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solubilities densities and refractive indices of the ternary systems kcl rbcl h2o and kcl mgcl2 h2o at 348 15 k
Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data, 2012Co-Authors: Ying Zeng, Qinghong YinAbstract:The solubilities of electrolyte mixtures ternary systems KCl + RbCl + H2O and KCl + MgCl2 + H2O at 348.15 K were obtained by isothermal evaporation method. The corresponding physicochemical properties of the solution such as density and refractive index were also determined. The Scherinemakers’ wet residue method was used to determine the composition of the solid Phase. The Metastable Phase diagram, density versus composition diagram, and refractive index versus composition diagram were constructed on the basis of the experimental data. Results showed that these two ternary systems were both complex type. The incommensurare double salt carnallite (KCl·MgCl2·6H2O) was found in the KCl + MgCl2+ H2O system at 348.15 K. Comparisons between the Metastable Phase diagrams of KCl + MgCl2+ H2O system at (298.15, 323.15, and 348.15) K show that the crystallization zone of carnallite decreases with the increase in temperature. The solid solution [(K,Rb)Cl] was formed in the KCl + RbCl + H2O system at 348.15 K. Compa...
Jianyuan Yang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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solid liquid isothermal evaporation Metastable Phase equilibria in the aqueous quaternary system licl kcl rbcl h2o at 298 15 k
Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data, 2012Co-Authors: Ying Zeng, Jianyuan YangAbstract:The Metastable Phase equilibria in the aqueous quaternary system LiCl + KCl + RbCl + H2O were investigated at 298.15 K using an isothermal evaporation method. The solubilities and physicochemical properties such as the density and refractive index of the equilibrated solution were determined. On the basis of the experimental results, the stereo Phase diagram, the projected Phase diagram, the water content diagram, and the physicochemical properties versus composition diagrams were constructed. The projected Phase diagram consists of two invariant points, five isothermal univariant curves, and four crystallization fields corresponding to single salts potassium chloride (KCl), rubidium chloride (RbCl), lithium chloride monohydrate (LiCl·H2O), and a solid solution of potassium and rubidium chloride [(K, Rb)Cl]. The two invariant points are cosaturated with three salts, which are LiCl·H2O + RbCl + (K, Rb)Cl and LiCl·H2O + KCl + (K, Rb)Cl, respectively. No double salt was formed. The crystallization region of ...
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Metastable Phase equilibria in the aqueous ternary systems kcl mgcl2 h2o and kcl rbcl h2o at 298 15 k
Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data, 2010Co-Authors: Ying Zeng, Huixin Yao, Jianyuan YangAbstract:The solubilities and physicochemical properties such as density and refractive index of the solution in the ternary systems KCl + MgCl2 + H2O and KCl + RbCl + H2O were investigated at 298.15 K using an isothermal evaporation method. The crystalloid forms of the solid Phase were determined using chemical analysis and an X-ray diffraction method. On the basis of experimental data, the Metastable equilibrium Phase diagrams and the physicochemical properties vs composition in the ternary systems at 298.15 K were constructed. In the Metastable Phase diagram of the ternary system KCl + MgCl2 + H2O at 298.15 K, there are two invariant points, three univariant curves, and three crystallization fields corresponding to potassium chloride (KCl), magnesium chloride hexahydrate (MgCl2·6H2O), and a double salt carnallite (KCl·MgCl2·6H2O). In the Metastable Phase diagram of the ternary system KCl + RbCl + H2O, there are two invariant points and three crystallization fields corresponding to the single salts potassium chl...
Tianlong Deng - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Metastable Phase equilibria for the ternary aqueous system of lithium sulfate and potassium sulfate at t 308 15 k experimental data and prediction using pitzer model
Russian Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2016Co-Authors: Nan Zhang, Yafei Guo, Tianlong DengAbstract:The Metastable solubilities and the physicochemical properties including density, refractive index, pH and conductivity in the ternary system (Li2SO4 + K2SO4 + H2O) at T = 308.15 K were determined experimentally using the isothermal evaporation method, and the Metastable Phase diagram and the physicochemical properties versus composition diagram were plotted. In the Metastable Phase diagram, there are two invariant points, three univariant curves and three crystallization regions corresponding to lithium sulfate monohydrate (Li2SO4 · H2O), double salt (K2SO4 · Li2SO4) and arcanite (K2SO4). It was found that the double salt of K2SO4·Li2SO4 belongs to the incongruent double salt, and the hydrate of Li2SO4 · H2O belongs to hydrate type I. On the basis of Pitzer model of the electrolyte solution theory, the mixing-ion parameter of θLi,K, \({\Psi _{Li,K,S{O_4}}}\) and the Metastable equilibrium constants of the solid Phases K2SO4, Li2SO4 · K2SO4 and Li2-SO4 · H2O at 308.15 K were obtained for the first time. The calculated Metastable solubility data for this ternary system at 308.15 K agree well with the experimental values, and this result indicates that the mixing-ion parameters and the Metastable equilibrium constants obtained in this work are reliable.
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Metastable Phase equilibria in the aqueous ternary system na2so4 li2so4 h2o at 308 15 and 348 15 k
Fluid Phase Equilibria, 2013Co-Authors: Dong Liang Shen, Shiqiang Wang, Tianlong DengAbstract:Abstract The solubility and density of the Metastable Phase equilibria in the aqueous ternary system (Na2SO4 + Li2SO4 + H2O) at 308.15 and 348.15 K were determined using the isothermal evaporation method. On the basis of the experimental data, the Metastable Phase diagrams and the diagrams of density property versus composition in the system at 308.15 and 348.15 K were plotted. In the Metastable Phase diagram of the ternary system at 308.15 K, there is four crystallization regions corresponding to thenardite (Na2SO4, Th), double salt 1 (Li2SO4·3Na2SO4·12H2O, Db1), double salt 2 (Li2SO4·Na2SO4, Db2), and lithium sulfate monohydrate (Li2SO4·H2O, Ls), four univariant curves, and three invariant points of the ternary system corresponding to (Th + Db1), (Db1 + Db2) and (Db2 + Ls). However, in the Metastable Phase diagram of the same ternary system at 348.15 K, the crystallization region of Db1 is disappeared, and there is only three crystallization regions corresponding to thenardite Th, Db2 and Ls. A comparison of the Metastable Phase diagrams for the ternary system at 308.15 and 348.15 K shows that the area of Th is increased whereas the area of Ls is decreased obviously and no solid solution was found. The solution density of the Metastable ternary system at two temperatures changes regularly with the increasing of lithium sulfate concentration.
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Metastable Phase equilibrium in the aqueous ternary system li2so4 mgso4 h2o at 323 15 k
Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data, 2011Co-Authors: Tianlong Deng, Dongchan LiAbstract:The Metastable solubilities and physicochemical properties (densities and refractive index) of the aqueous ternary system (Li2SO4 + MgSO4 + H2O) at 323.15 K were determined by the isothermal evaporation method. According to the experimental results, the Metastable Phase diagram and the diagram of physicochemical properties versus composition were plotted. It was found that there are one eutectic point (Li2SO4·H2O + MgSO4·6H2O), two univariant curves, and two crystallization regions corresponding to lithium sulfate monohydrate (Li2SO4·H2O) and hexahydrite (MgSO4·6H2O) in the Metastable ternary system. The system belongs to a simple eutectic type, and neither double salts nor solid solutions were found. It can be found that the solution density and refractive index of the Metastable ternary system changed regularly with the content change of lithium sulfate, and all reach the maximum value at eutectic point. The calculated values of densities and refractive index with empirical equations are in good agreeme...
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Metastable Phase equilibrium in the aqueous quaternary system nacl mgcl2 na2so4 mgso4 h2o at 323 15 k
Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data, 2010Co-Authors: Xianghua Wu, Tianlong DengAbstract:Experimental studies on the Metastable solubilities and physicochemical properties (density, viscosity, pH, and refractive index) of the aqueous quaternary system (NaCl + MgCl2 + Na2SO4 + MgSO4 + H2O) at 323.15 K were determined with the method of isothermal evaporation. On the basis of experimental data, the Metastable Phase diagram and the diagram of physicochemical properties versus composition were plotted. There are six invariant points, twelve univariant curves, and seven crystallization zones corresponding to halite, thenardite, vanthoffite (3NaSO4·MgSO4), astrakanite (NaSO4·MgSO4·4H2O), hexahydrite (MgSO4·6H2O), tetrahydrite (MgSO4·4H2O), and bischofite (MgCl2·6H2O). There is no solid solution except two double salts of vanthoffite and astrakanite which existed in the Metastable system. When compared with the stable equilibrium Phase diagram at 328.15 K, the crystallized zones of loeweite (6Na2SO4·7MgSO4·15H2O) and kieserite (MgSO4·H2O) disappeared; the areas of halite and hexahydrite increased; a...
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Metastable Phase equilibrium in the aqueous ternary system k2so4 mgso4 h2o at 288 15 and 308 15 k
Journal of Solution Chemistry, 2009Co-Authors: Dongchan Li, Tianlong Deng, Xue YuAbstract:The Metastable solubilities and densities of the aqueous ternary system K2SO4+MgSO4+H2O at (288.15 and 308.15) K were determined with the isothermal evaporation method. Using the experimental results, the Metastable Phase diagram and the densities versus composition diagram were plotted. In the Metastable Phase diagrams of the ternary system at (288.15 and 308.15) K, there are in all two invariant points, three univariant solubility curves, and three Metastable crystallization regions corresponding to arcanite (i.e., anhydrous potassium sulfate, K2SO4), picromerite (K2SO4⋅MgSO4⋅6H2O) and epsomite (MgSO4⋅7H2O) that are formed in the Metastable equilibrium system. A comparison of the stable and Metastable Phase diagrams at each temperature shows that the Metastable regions of magnesium sulfate are obvious, and the crystallizing regions of epsomite and arcanite are much larger than those in the stable Phase diagram. The densities of the system changed regularly with the magnesium sulfate content. The resulting information can be used to recover potassium or remove magnesium. The calculated densities using an empirical equation agree well with the experimental results.
Jochen M. Schneider - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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modeling of Metastable Phase formation for sputtered ti1 xalxn thin films
Acta Materialia, 2019Co-Authors: Sida Liu, Keke Chang, Denis Music, Stanislav Mraz, Xiang Chen, Marcus Hans, Daniel Primetzhofer, Jochen M. SchneiderAbstract:Abstract Metastable titanium aluminum nitride coatings are widely applied in cutting and forming applications. Although it is generally accepted that the Phase formation of Metastable TiAlN is governed by kinetic factors, modeling attempts today are based solely on energetics. In this work, the Metastable Phase formation of TiAlN is predicted based on one combinatorial magnetron sputtering experiment, the activation energy for surface diffusion, the critical diffusion distance, as well as thermodynamic calculations. The Phase formation data obtained from further combinatorial growth experiments varying chemical composition, deposition temperature, and deposition rate are in good agreement with the model. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that a significant extension of the predicted critical solubility range is enabled by taking kinetic factors into account. Explicit consideration of kinetics extends the Al solubility limit to lower values, previously unobtainable by energetics, but accessible experimentally.
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Metastable Phase formation of pt x x ir au thin films
Scientific Reports, 2018Co-Authors: Aparna Saksena, Keke Chang, Jochen M. Schneider, Marcus Hans, Yu Chuan Chien, Pauline Kummerl, Bernhard VolkerAbstract:The dependence of Phase formation and mechanical properties on the chemical composition has been investigated for Pt-Ir and Pt-Au combinatorial thin films. The formation of a single, Metastable Pt-Ir solid solution has been observed for all experimental compositions and temperatures. Upon Ir addition to Pt the experimentally determined changes in lattice parameter and Young’s modulus display rule of mixture behavior which is in good agreement with our ab initio data. Whereas, in the Pt-Au system, the single Metastable solid solution decomposes into two Phases as the growth temperature is raised to ≥600 °C. The lattice parameters in the dual Phase region are independent of chemical composition. The substrate temperature and chemical composition dependent Phase formation in Pt-Ir and Pt-Au thin films can be rationalized based on CALPHAD (CALculation of Phase Diagrams) results combined with estimations of the activation energy required for surface diffusion: The Metastable Phase formation during film growth is caused by kinetic limitations, where Ir atoms (in Pt-Ir) need to overcome an up to factor 6 higher activation energy barrier than Au (in Pt-Au) to enable surface diffusion.
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Estimation of the activation energy for surface diffusion during Metastable Phase formation
Acta Materialia, 2015Co-Authors: Keke Chang, Moritz To Baben, Denis Music, Dennis Lange, Hamid Bolvardi, Jochen M. SchneiderAbstract:Abstract A method to estimate the activation energy for surface diffusion during magnetron sputtering based on experimental Metastable Phase formation data has been developed. The so obtained activation energies are consistent with diffusion activation barriers determined by ab initio calculations. The here adopted comparative experimental and theoretical research strategy enables the efficient acquisition of activation energy data and constitutes an improved description of surface diffusion processes of Metastable materials during magnetron sputtering.
Qinghong Yin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Metastable Phase equilibrium in the quaternary system licl kcl rbcl h2o at 348 15 k
Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data, 2013Co-Authors: Qinghong Yin, Ying Zeng, Qi TanAbstract:The Metastable Phase equilibrium of the quaternary system LiCl + KCl + RbCl + H2O at 348.15 K was done by using an isothermal evaporation method. The solubilities, densities, and refractive indices of the equilibrated solution were determined experimentally. On the basis of the measured data, the stereo Phase diagram, the Metastable Phase diagram, the water content diagram, and the physicochemical properties versus composition diagrams were constructed. Results show that the quaternary system is of a complex type with the solid solution of potassium chloride and rubidium chloride [(K, Rb)Cl] formed at 348.15 K. The Metastable Phase diagram consists of two invariant points, five univariant curves, and four crystallization fields corresponding to single salts potassium chloride (KCl), rubidium chloride (RbCl), lithium chloride monohydrate (LiCl·H2O), and a solid solution of potassium and rubidium chloride [(K, Rb)Cl]. Salt RbCl has the largest solubility among the coexisting salts and presents the smallest ...
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solubilities densities and refractive indices of the ternary systems kcl rbcl h2o and kcl mgcl2 h2o at 348 15 k
Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data, 2012Co-Authors: Ying Zeng, Qinghong YinAbstract:The solubilities of electrolyte mixtures ternary systems KCl + RbCl + H2O and KCl + MgCl2 + H2O at 348.15 K were obtained by isothermal evaporation method. The corresponding physicochemical properties of the solution such as density and refractive index were also determined. The Scherinemakers’ wet residue method was used to determine the composition of the solid Phase. The Metastable Phase diagram, density versus composition diagram, and refractive index versus composition diagram were constructed on the basis of the experimental data. Results showed that these two ternary systems were both complex type. The incommensurare double salt carnallite (KCl·MgCl2·6H2O) was found in the KCl + MgCl2+ H2O system at 348.15 K. Comparisons between the Metastable Phase diagrams of KCl + MgCl2+ H2O system at (298.15, 323.15, and 348.15) K show that the crystallization zone of carnallite decreases with the increase in temperature. The solid solution [(K,Rb)Cl] was formed in the KCl + RbCl + H2O system at 348.15 K. Compa...