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Kelly Mccormick - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • companions in innocence defending a new Methodological Assumption for theorizing about moral responsibility
    Philosophical Studies, 2015
    Co-Authors: Kelly Mccormick
    Abstract:

    The contemporary philosophical debate on free will and moral responsibility is rife with appeal to a variety of allegedly intuitive cases and principles. As a result, some have argued that many strands of this debate end in “dialectical stalemates,” boiling down to bedrock, seemingly intractable disagreements about intuition (Fischer, The metaphysics of free will: An essay on control. Blackwell, Cambridge, 1994). Here I attempt to carve out a middle ground between conventional reliance on appeal to intuition and intuitional skepticism in regards to the philosophical discussion of moral responsibility in particular. The main goal of this paper is to propose and defend a new Methodological Assumption that I argue responsibility theorists can and should accept, one that serves to preserve a general skepticism about the proper role of intuition in our responsibility theorizing while marking a particular class of our responsibility judgments as having a privileged epistemic status such that they can play a role in constraining our responsibility theorizing.

Frank Urbaniok - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Validity of risk calculations in offenders -- criticism of a basic Methodological Assumption, and future perspectives
    Fortschritte der Neurologie-Psychiatrie, 2004
    Co-Authors: Frank Urbaniok
    Abstract:

    Catalogs of multidimensional criteria have become established in continental Europe. In contrast, due to the limited reliability of clinical prognoses, procedures such as "Actuarial Risk Assessments" have been established in Anglo-Saxon countries as a means of assessing prognoses. The basic Assumptions of "Actuarial Risk Assessments" (principally a statistical methodology) show a remarkable discrepancy compared with the fundamental ideas of the European experts (clinical assessment procedures), although this has not to date been discussed in depth in the literature. Apart from this discrepancy, however, certain basic Assumptions are internationally regarded as generally accepted Methodological cornerstones of prognostic theory. Thus, such a generally unchallenged "essential" Methodological principle as the "Two by Two Table" has been mentioned for many years in a dichotomous sense in numerous textbooks or basic lecture on prognostic theory. Far-reaching conclusions concerning the validity of prognostic statements are made on the basis of this Methodological axiom. Thus, the putative error rate for prognostic assessments is derived from so-called "false positive prognoses", and, among other things, the unjustified committal of offenders wrongly judged to be dangerous is criticised. Surprisingly, there is no discussion in the considerable literature currently available, that it is Methodologically highly questionable to use the Two by Two Table that is adequate for dichotomous decision-making, without using further differentiation with respect to probability factors, as is undoubtedly the case for risk calculations. The article discusses the above mentioned problems and gives possible approaches for solutions.

Wojciech Wasowicz - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • polish mother and child cohort study defining the problem the aim of the study and Methodological Assumption
    International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health, 2009
    Co-Authors: Kinga Polanska, Wojciech Hanke, Jolanta Gromadzinska, Danuta Ligocka, Ewa Gulczynska, Wojciech Sobala, Wojciech Wasowicz
    Abstract:

    Objectives Exposures during prenatal period have implications for pregnancy outcome as well as for children's health, morbidity and mortality. Prospective cohort study design allows for the identification of exposures that may influence pregnancy outcome and children's health, verification of such exposures by biomarker measurements and notification of any changes in exposure level. Materials and methods Polish Mother and Child Cohort Study (REPRO_PL) is multicenter prospective cohort study conducted in 8 different regions of Poland. The final cohort is intended to comprise 1300 mother-child pairs to be recruited within 4-year period (2007-2011). The recruitment and all scheduled visits are conducted in maternity units or clinics in the districts included in the study. The women are followed-up 3 times in pregnancy (once in each trimester) and after delivery for the notification of pregnancy outcome. During each visit, detailed questionnaire and biological samples are collected including saliva, urine, hair, maternal blood and cord blood. About 6 weeks postpartum, breast milk from part of the women is collected. The study concentrates on the identification and evaluation of the effects of prenatal environmental exposure on pregnancy outcome and children's health. Specific research hypotheses refer to the role of heavy metals, exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) in the aetiology of small-for-gestational-age (SGA) and preterm delivery (PD). The role of oxidative stress putative mechanism and pregnant women nutritional status will be investigated. Based on questionnaire data, the impact of occupational exposures and stressful situations will be evaluated. Results The results of the study will become available within the next few years and will help to determine levels of child prenatal exposure in several areas of Poland and its impact on course and outcome of pregnancy.

Ana Carolina - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Entre o melodrama e a loucura : telenovelas brasileiras e a representação do encarceramento feminino em hospitais psiquiátricos
    2020
    Co-Authors: Ana Carolina
    Abstract:

    Orientadora: Profa Dra.Valquíria Michela JohnDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Artes, Comunicação e Design, Pós-Graduação em Comunicação. Defesa : Curitiba, 27/05/2020Inclui referências: p. 116-124Resumo: Entre os estigmas mais comuns pertencentes ao universo feminino e que podem ser compreendidos como cativeiros identitários das mulheres, está a loucura - tema investigado nesta dissertação. Ao voltar o olhar para a forma como essa temática se apresenta nas narrativas das telenovelas do horário nobre da Rede Globo, entre os anos de 2001 e 2018, adota-se a perspectiva de que as telenovelas se configuram como "tecnologias de gênero" (DE LAURETIS, 1994), ou seja, estabelecem práticas discursivas que, assim como o gênero, produzem efeitos sobre os corpos, relações sociais e comportamentos - podendo atuar no reforço e/ou desconstrução de estereótipos de gênero que associam o feminino à emoção e, consequentemente, à loucura. Sendo assim, o presente trabalho se localiza na imbricação das relações entre saúde mental, gênero, mídia e telenovelas. Buscamos responder à pergunta: de que maneira a representação predominante da figura feminina encarcerada em hospitais psiquiátricos nas telenovelas do período analisado se articula com um possível reforço de estereótipos de gênero relacionados à saúde mental das mulheres? Para responder a esta problemáticas mapeamos quantitativamente a divisão de gênero presente entre personagens internados em hospitais psiquiátricos nas narrativas que compõem o corpus. Em um segundo momento foram selecionadas para análise três personagens mulheres internadas em hospitais psiquiátricos nestas narrativas - escolha feita a partir da identificação da novela de maior audiência do corpus de pesquisa, pensando no alcance das representações do adoecimento mental feminino nestas produções. Desta forma chegamos aos seguintes nomes, categorizados em conformidade com as representações clássicas da loucura propostas por Nilson Xavier (2016): 1) A Vilã Enlouquecida: Nazaré Tedesco (Renata Sorrah) - Senhora do Destino (2004); 2) A Esquizofrênica Urbana: Nelita (Bárbara Paz) - A Regra do Jogo (2015); e 3) A Louca da Torre: Clara (Bianca Bin) - O Outro Lado do Paraíso (2017). Fazendo uso da crítica diagnóstica (KELLNER, 2001) como pressuposto teórico-metodológico e da técnica da análise das imagens em movimento (ROSE, 2002; SILVA, 2014) buscamos compreender, a partir do estudo da trajetória das personagens que integram a pesquisa, de que maneira se dá a relação entre a representação de saúde mental e o gênero feminino nas telenovelas do horário nobre da Rede Globo. Os resultados da pesquisa exploratória, em conjunto com as análises qualitativas, nos indicam que há uma prevalência de personagens femininas internadas em hospitais psiquiátricos nas narrativas do horários nobre da Rede Globo (2001-2018) e que temas associados à feminilidade, como a maternidade, seja por sua quebra, ou conformidade, estão associados a caracterização do adoecimento mental feminino nessas produções. Nesse sentido as telenovelas atuam então como "tecnologias de gênero" ao reproduzirem e normalizarem discursos hegemônicos sobre as mulheres construídos em sociedades patriarcais. Palavras-chave: Telenovela. Melodrama. Estudos de Gênero. Saúde mental. Loucura.Abstract: Among the most common stigmas belonging to the female universe and that can be understood as women's identity captivity is madness - theme investigated in this dissertation. Turning the gaze to the way this theme is presented in the narratives of Rede Globo's prime time telenovelas, between the years 2001 and 2018, we adopt the perspective that brazilian telenovelas are configured as "gender technologies" (DE LAURETIS, 1994), that is, they establish discursive practices that, like gender, produce effects on bodies, social relations and behaviors - and may reinforce and/or deconstruct gender stereotypes that associate the feminine with emotion and, consequently, with madness. Thus, the present work focuses on the intertwining of the relationships between mental health, gender, media and brazilian telenovelas. We seek to answer the question: how does the predominant representation of the incarcerated female figure in psychiatric hospitals in the soap operas of the analyzed period articulate with a possible reinforcement of gender stereotypes related to women's mental health? In order to answer this problem, we seek to quantitatively map the gender division present between characters hospitalized in psychiatric hospitals in the narratives that constitute the corpus. In a second moment, three female characters hospitalized in psychiatric hospitals in these narratives were selected for analysis - a choice made from the identification of the most popular telenovela of the corpus, considering the scope of the representations of female mental illness in these productions. In this way we arrive at the following names, categorized in accordance with the classic representations of madness proposed by Nilson Xavier (2016): 1) The Crazy Vilain: Nazaré Tedesco (Renata Sorrah) - Senhora do Destino (2004); 2) The Urban Schizophrenic: Nelita (Bárbara Paz) - A Regra do Jogo (2015); and 3) The Mad in the Tower: Clara (Bianca Bin) - O Outro Lado do Paraíso (2017). Using diagnostic criticism (KELLNER, 2001) as a theoretical-Methodological Assumption and the technique of analyzing moving images (ROSE, 2002; SILVA, 2014) we seek to understand, from the study of the trajectory of the characters that integrate the research, what is the relationship between mental health representation and the female gender in Rede Globo's prime time telenovelas. The results of the exploratory research, together with the qualitative analyzes, indicate that there is a prevalence of female characters admitted to psychiatric hospitals in the prime-time narratives of Rede Globo (2001-2018) and that themes associated with femininity, such as motherhood, either because of its breakage or compliance, are associated with the characterization of female mental illness in these productions. In this sense, telenovelas then act as "gender technologies" by reproducing and normalizing hegemonic discourses about women built in patriarchal societies. Keywords: Brazilian Telenovela. Melodrama. Gender Studies. Mental Health. Madness

Heloísa Duarte De ,oliveira - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • O conteúdo do dever do Estado de garantia de reparação do dano público ambiental no direito público do ambiente
    2019
    Co-Authors: Heloísa Duarte De ,oliveira
    Abstract:

    Esta dissertação tem como objeto o conteúdo do dever do Estado de garantia da reparação do bem jurídico público ambiental. Para a identificação do conteúdo desse dever, é feita uma análise exaustiva das normas que têm como objeto a utilização dos componentes ambientais e das suas utilidades protegidas por normas de direito público. Com base num conceito de bem jurídico público ambiental assim formulado, parte-se para a identificação dos específicos pressupostos que a regulação ambiental impõe para a identificação das funcionalidades dos componentes ambientais que merecem proteção legal e cuja afetação negativa ativa as normas que preveem deveres de reparação. Assume centralidade o pressuposto metodológico da significância, que permite distinguir entre um dano a um componente ambiental e um dano ao bem jurídico público ambiental, através de critérios e de indicadores específicos. Segue-se a construção dos conceitos jurídicos que garantem a integralidade e a especificidade da reparação, com base na densificação das modalidades de reparação, e dos seus limites jurídicos, e dos critérios para a determinação das concretas medidas de reparação, e a fundamentação da sua operacionalização através do direito público. Através da análise transversal das normas de direito público do ambiente com finalidades reparatórias é possível concluir pela debilidade e incoerência estrutural deste conjunto normativo, que engloba diversos modelos de imputação e diferentes fundamentos de responsabilidade. Torna-se assim clara a necessidade da sua reconstrução à luz de um dever de garantia da reparação do dano público ambiental, deduzido a partir dos deveres internacionais e constitucionais do Estado no âmbito dos direitos humanos, dos direitos fundamentais e dos deveres objetivos de proteção ambiental. A vigência de uma norma com este conteúdo permite afirmar a existência de um princípio da reparação no direito público do ambiente que fundamenta todo o conjunto reparatório, que assim se autonomiza plenamente do princípio do poluidor-pagador.The present dissertation analyses the content of the State’s duty to guarantee the remedying of environmental public legal goods. In order to identify the content of this duty, the norms that have the use of environmental components as their object, and their utilities protected by public law norms, are thoroughly examined. Based on a concept of environmental public legal good accordingly construed, the specific conditions that environmental regulation imposes for the identification of the functionalities of environmental components that deserve legal protection, and whose negative effect activate the norms that provide for redress duties, are identified. The Methodological Assumption of significance is central to distinguish between damage to an environmental component and damage to the environmental public legal good, through specific criteria and indicators. To attain such aim, legal concepts which guarantee the completeness and specificity of the remedy are adopted, the remedying modalities and their legal limits are densified, as well as the criteria to determine the specific remedial measures, and the rationale for their operation through public law is spelled out. By means of a cross-cutting analysis of the public environmental law norms with remedying purposes, it is possible to conclude that this normative set – which includes several models of imputation and different rationales for responsibility – is marked by structural weaknesses and incoherence. Its reconstruction is pursued in the light of a duty to guarantee remedying for environmental public damages, deduced from the State’s international and constitutional obligations in the fields of international human rights and fundamental constitutional rights, as well as from the objective duties of environmental protection. It is therefore possible to affirm that, underlying the whole reparatory system, a principle of remedying – autonomous from the polluter-pays principle – exists within public environmental law