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Stephen J. Trejo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Ethnic attrition, assimilation, and the measured health outcomes of Mexican americans
Journal of Population Economics, 2020Co-Authors: Francisca M. Antman, Brian Duncan, Stephen J. TrejoAbstract:The literature on immigrant assimilation and intergenerational progress has sometimes reached surprising conclusions, such as the puzzle of immigrant advantage which finds that Hispanic immigrants sometimes have better health than US-born Hispanics. While numerous studies have attempted to explain these patterns, almost all studies rely on subjective measures of ethnic self-identification to identify immigrants’ descendants. This can lead to bias due to “ethnic attrition,” which occurs whenever a US-born descendant of a Hispanic immigrant fails to self-identify as Hispanic. In this paper, we exploit information on parents’ and grandparents’ place of birth to show that Mexican ethnic attrition, operating through intermarriage, is sizable and positively selected on health, making subsequent generations of Mexican immigrants appear less healthy than they actually are. Consequently, conventional estimates of health disparities between Mexican americans and non-Hispanic whites as well as those between Mexican americans and recent Mexican immigrants have been significantly overstated.
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ethnic attrition assimilation and the measured health outcomes of Mexican americans
Social Science Research Network, 2020Co-Authors: Francisca M. Antman, Stephen J. Trejo, Brian DuncanAbstract:The literature on immigrant assimilation and intergenerational progress has sometimes reached surprising conclusions, such as the puzzle of immigrant advantage which finds that Hispanic immigrants sometimes have better health than U.S.-born Hispanics. While numerous studies have attempted to explain these patterns, almost all studies rely on subjective measures of ethnic self-identification to identify immigrants’ descendants. This can lead to bias due to “ethnic attrition,” which occurs whenever a U.S.-born descendant of a Hispanic immigrant fails to self-identify as Hispanic. In this paper, we exploit information on parents’ and grandparents’ place of birth to show that Mexican ethnic attrition, operating through intermarriage, is sizable and selective on health, making subsequent generations of Mexican immigrants appear less healthy than they actually are. Consequently, conventional estimates of health disparities between Mexican americans and non-Hispanic whites as well as those between Mexican americans and recent Mexican immigrants have been significantly overstated. Institutional subscribers to the NBER working paper series, and residents of developing countries may download this paper without additional charge at www.nber.org.
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ethnic attrition assimilation and the measured health outcomes of Mexican americans
Research Papers in Economics, 2020Co-Authors: Francisca M. Antman, Brian Duncan, Stephen J. TrejoAbstract:The literature on immigrant assimilation and intergenerational progress has sometimes reached surprising conclusions, such as the puzzle of immigrant advantage which finds that Hispanic immigrants sometimes have better health than U.S.-born Hispanics. While numerous studies have attempted to explain these patterns, almost all studies rely on subjective measures of ethnic self-identification to identify immigrants' descendants. This can lead to bias due to "ethnic attrition," which occurs whenever a U.S.-born descendant of a Hispanic immigrant fails to self-identify as Hispanic. In this paper, we exploit information on parents' and grandparents' place of birth to show that Mexican ethnic attrition, operating through intermarriage, is sizable and selective on health, making subsequent generations of Mexican immigrants appear less healthy than they actually are. Consequently, conventional estimates of health disparities between Mexican americans and non-Hispanic whites as well as those between Mexican americans and recent Mexican immigrants have been significantly overstated.
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new evidence of generational progress for Mexican americans
Social Science Research Network, 2017Co-Authors: Brian Duncan, Stephen J. Trejo, Jeffrey Grogger, Ana Sofia LeonAbstract:U.S.-born Mexican americans suffer a large schooling deficit relative to other americans, and standard data sources suggest that this deficit does not shrink between the 2nd and later generations. Standard data sources lack information on grandparents’ countries of birth, however, which creates potentially serious issues for tracking the progress of later-generation Mexican americans. Exploiting unique NLSY97 data that address these measurement issues, we find substantial educational progress between the 2nd and 3rd generations for a recent cohort of Mexican americans. Such progress is obscured when we instead mimic the limitations inherent in standard data sources.
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new evidence of generational progress for Mexican americans
Research Papers in Economics, 2017Co-Authors: Brian Duncan, Jeffrey Grogger, Ana Sofia Leon, Stephen J. TrejoAbstract:U.S.-born Mexican americans suffer a large schooling deficit relative to other americans, and standard data sources suggest that this deficit does not shrink between the 2nd and later generations. Standard data sources lack information on grandparents’ countries of birth, however, which creates potentially serious issues for tracking the progress of later-generation Mexican americans. Exploiting unique NLSY97 data that address these measurement issues, we find substantial educational progress between the 2nd and 3rd generations for a recent cohort of Mexican americans. Such progress is obscured when we instead mimic the limitations inherent in standard data sources. Similar patterns emerge for cognitive test scores and for annual earnings.
Kyriakos S. Markides - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the association between handgrip strength and diabetes on activities of daily living disability in older Mexican americans
Journal of Aging and Health, 2018Co-Authors: Ryan Mcgrath, Kyriakos S. Markides, Brenda M Vincent, Soham Al Snih, Ryan R Bailey, Brad P Dieter, Mark D PetersonAbstract:Objective: The aim of this study is to determine the independent and joint effects of muscle weakness and diabetes on incident activities of daily living (ADL) disability in older Mexican americans...
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the association between muscle weakness and incident diabetes in older Mexican americans
Journal of the American Medical Directors Association, 2017Co-Authors: Ryan Mcgrath, Kyriakos S. Markides, Brenda M Vincent, Soham Al Snih, Mark D PetersonAbstract:Abstract Objectives A natural decline of muscle strength occurs during the aging process; however, preserving muscle strength may lower the rate of many preventable diseases such as diabetes, especially in higher risk populations. The purpose of this study was to examine the sex-specific association between muscle weakness and incident diabetes in older Mexican americans. Design Observational, longitudinal study. Setting Urban and rural households in the Southwestern United States. Participants A subsample of 1903 Mexican americans aged at least 65 years without diabetes at baseline were followed for 19 years. Measurements Muscle weakness was assessed with a hand-held dynamometer and was normalized to body weight (normalized grip strength). Male and female participants were categorized as weak if their normalized grip strength was ≤0.46 and ≤0.30, respectively. Sex-stratified Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to determine the association between muscle weakness and incident diabetes (self-reported) when using age as an entry variable and after adjusting for education, employment status, instrumental activities of daily living disability, interview language, marital status, and obesity. A sensitivity analysis was performed to account for influential outliers for the outcome variable (incident diabetes) and the model was re-run. Results The hazard ratio for incident diabetes was 1.05 (95% confidence interval: 1.02–1.09; P P Conclusions Muscle weakness was associated with an increased rate of diabetes in older male and female Mexican americans. Health professionals should encourage activities that preserve muscle strength, thereby preventing the incidence of diabetes in older Mexican americans.
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psychosocial and cognitive health differences by caregiver status among older Mexican americans
Community Mental Health Journal, 2013Co-Authors: Angelica P Herrera, Marcia G Ory, Carolyn A Mendezluck, Janice D Crist, Matthew Lee Smith, Ruth Warre, Kyriakos S. MarkidesAbstract:This study identifies the risk and protective factors associated with informal caregiving by older (≥70 years) Mexican americans and profiles caregiving arrangements. Overall, a greater number of informal caregivers (n = 92) were married and female. They also had higher physical functioning and better cognition than non-caregivers (n = 1,888) but fewer visited a physician regularly. Informal caregivers also showed an increased risk of depressive symptoms. A third of caregivers spent more than 20 h/day caregiving and the majority (84%) of care recipients were family members. In order to support the efforts of this disproportionately burdened caregiver group, increased social support and healthcare services are needed.
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problem drinking among Mexican americans the influence of nativity and neighborhood context
American Journal of Health Promotion, 2012Co-Authors: Kyriakos S. Markides, Soham Al Snih Al Snih, Tasanee Walsh, Malcolm P Cutchin, James S. GoodwinAbstract:Abstract Purpose. We examined the influence of nativity and community context (Hispanic neighborhood concentration) on two measures of problem drinking among Mexican-americans. Design. Cross-sectional study. Setting. Texas City Stress and Health Study conducted in Texas City, Texas during 2004–2006. Participants. A total of 1435 Mexican-americans aged 25 years and older. Measures. Binge drinking (≥6 drinks per occasion by men and ≥4 drinks per occasion by women) and scoring positive on the CAGE (a four-item clinical measure of problem drinking) as dependent variables. Key independent variables included a measure of language acculturation, proportion of Hispanics in the participant's neighborhood according to 2000 U.S. Census data, and being foreign-born compared with being U.S.-born. Analysis. Logistic regression analysis was used to predict being a binge drinker and being positive on the CAGE. Results. Foreign-born women were less likely to be binge drinkers than U.S.-born women. Nativity was not signifi...
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frailty and cognitive impairment as predictors of mortality in older Mexican americans
Journal of Nutrition Health & Aging, 2012Co-Authors: C Cano, Kyriakos S. Markides, Rafael Samperternent, Al S Snih, Kenneth J OttenbacherAbstract:Objective Examine the association between frailty and cognitive impairment as predictors of mortality over a 10-year period in a selected sample of older Mexican americans.
Christopher T Sempos - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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macronutrient intakes among adult hispanics a comparison of Mexican americans cuban americans and mainland puerto ricans
American Journal of Public Health, 1995Co-Authors: Catherine M. Loria, T L Bush, Margaret D Carroll, Margaret A Mcdowell, C. L. Johnson, Anne C Looker, Christopher T SemposAbstract:OBJECTIVES. The purpose of this study was to compare energy and macronutrient intakes between adult Mexican americans, Cuban americans, mainland Puerto Ricans, and non-Hispanics. METHODS. Age-specific mean intakes were estimated based on 24-hour recalls from the Hispanic Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (HHANES) (1982 to 1984) and the Second National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES II) (1976 to 1980) and were compared with the use of t tests. RESULTS. Mexican americans had higher total fat, saturated fat, and monounsaturated fat intakes than did Puerto Ricans and older Cuban americans. Cuban americans and Puerto Ricans had similar intakes, except for younger Cuban americans, who had higher total and saturated fat and lower carbohydrate intakes. Cholesterol intakes among Mexican American men and 60- to 74-year-old women were higher than those among other Hispanic groups. Carbohydrate and protein intakes were higher among Hispanic groups compared with those among non-Hispanics while t...
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macronutrient intakes among adult hispanics a comparison of Mexican americans cuban americans and mainland puerto ricans
American Journal of Public Health, 1995Co-Authors: Catherine M. Loria, T L Bush, Margaret D Carroll, Margaret A Mcdowell, C. L. Johnson, Anne C Looker, Christopher T SemposAbstract:OBJECTIVES. The purpose of this study was to compare energy and macronutrient intakes between adult Mexican americans, Cuban americans, mainland Puerto Ricans, and non-Hispanics. METHODS. Age-specific mean intakes were estimated based on 24-hour recalls from the Hispanic Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (HHANES) (1982 to 1984) and the Second National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES II) (1976 to 1980) and were compared with the use of t tests. RESULTS. Mexican americans had higher total fat, saturated fat, and monounsaturated fat intakes than did Puerto Ricans and older Cuban americans. Cuban americans and Puerto Ricans had similar intakes, except for younger Cuban americans, who had higher total and saturated fat and lower carbohydrate intakes. Cholesterol intakes among Mexican American men and 60- to 74-year-old women were higher than those among other Hispanic groups. Carbohydrate and protein intakes were higher among Hispanic groups compared with those among non-Hispanics while t...
Catherine M. Loria - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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macronutrient intakes among adult hispanics a comparison of Mexican americans cuban americans and mainland puerto ricans
American Journal of Public Health, 1995Co-Authors: Catherine M. Loria, T L Bush, Margaret D Carroll, Margaret A Mcdowell, C. L. Johnson, Anne C Looker, Christopher T SemposAbstract:OBJECTIVES. The purpose of this study was to compare energy and macronutrient intakes between adult Mexican americans, Cuban americans, mainland Puerto Ricans, and non-Hispanics. METHODS. Age-specific mean intakes were estimated based on 24-hour recalls from the Hispanic Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (HHANES) (1982 to 1984) and the Second National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES II) (1976 to 1980) and were compared with the use of t tests. RESULTS. Mexican americans had higher total fat, saturated fat, and monounsaturated fat intakes than did Puerto Ricans and older Cuban americans. Cuban americans and Puerto Ricans had similar intakes, except for younger Cuban americans, who had higher total and saturated fat and lower carbohydrate intakes. Cholesterol intakes among Mexican American men and 60- to 74-year-old women were higher than those among other Hispanic groups. Carbohydrate and protein intakes were higher among Hispanic groups compared with those among non-Hispanics while t...
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macronutrient intakes among adult hispanics a comparison of Mexican americans cuban americans and mainland puerto ricans
American Journal of Public Health, 1995Co-Authors: Catherine M. Loria, T L Bush, Margaret D Carroll, Margaret A Mcdowell, C. L. Johnson, Anne C Looker, Christopher T SemposAbstract:OBJECTIVES. The purpose of this study was to compare energy and macronutrient intakes between adult Mexican americans, Cuban americans, mainland Puerto Ricans, and non-Hispanics. METHODS. Age-specific mean intakes were estimated based on 24-hour recalls from the Hispanic Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (HHANES) (1982 to 1984) and the Second National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES II) (1976 to 1980) and were compared with the use of t tests. RESULTS. Mexican americans had higher total fat, saturated fat, and monounsaturated fat intakes than did Puerto Ricans and older Cuban americans. Cuban americans and Puerto Ricans had similar intakes, except for younger Cuban americans, who had higher total and saturated fat and lower carbohydrate intakes. Cholesterol intakes among Mexican American men and 60- to 74-year-old women were higher than those among other Hispanic groups. Carbohydrate and protein intakes were higher among Hispanic groups compared with those among non-Hispanics while t...
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calcium intakes of Mexican americans cubans puerto ricans non hispanic whites and non hispanic blacks in the united states
Journal of The American Dietetic Association, 1993Co-Authors: Anne C Looker, Margaret D Carroll, Catherine M. Loria, Margaret A Mcdowell, Clifford L JohnsonAbstract:Abstract Objective To compare dietarty calcium intakes from food in Mexican americans, Cubans, Puerto Ricans, non-Hispanic whites, and non-Hispanic blacks aged 11 through 74 years. Design Population survey data from the Hispanic Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and the second National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were used to calculate calcium intake from a single 24-hour recall. These data were compared by age and sex between the five population groups. Food sources of calcium in the three Hispanic groups were also examined using 24-hour recall data. Subjects The sample consisted of 11,773 non-Hispanic whites, 1,728 non-Hispanic blacks, 4,739 Mexican americans, 1,076 Cubans, and 1,835 Puerto Ricans. Main outcome measures Mean calcium intake, percentage intake of Recommended Dietary Allowance, and, for Hispanics, food sources of calcium. Statistical analyses Means were compared within age and sex groups between the five population group using a t test. Results Calcium intakes from food in three Hispanic groups were similar to intakes of non-Hispanic whites and higher than intakes of non-Hispanic blacks. Although dairy foods were the main sources of calcium for Hispanics, corn tortillas were important calcium sources among Mexican americans. Women consumed less calcium than the Recommended Dietary Allowance in all age and racial or ethnic groups. Applications When assessing calcium intakes of the three Hispanic groups, ethnic differences in food sources of calcium need to be considered. Efforts to increase calcium intake in Hispanics also need to account for ethnic differences.
Kenneth J Ottenbacher - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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frailty and cognitive impairment as predictors of mortality in older Mexican americans
Journal of Nutrition Health & Aging, 2012Co-Authors: C Cano, Kyriakos S. Markides, Rafael Samperternent, Al S Snih, Kenneth J OttenbacherAbstract:Objective Examine the association between frailty and cognitive impairment as predictors of mortality over a 10-year period in a selected sample of older Mexican americans.
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the protective effect of neighborhood composition on increasing frailty among older Mexican americans a barrio advantage
Journal of Aging and Health, 2011Co-Authors: Maria P Aranda, Kenneth J Ottenbacher, Laura A. Ray, Soham Al Snih, Kyriakos S. MarkidesAbstract:Objective: Little is known about the nature of the frailty syndrome in older Hispanics who are projected to be the largest minority older population by 2050. The authors examine prospectively the relationship between medical, psychosocial, and neighborhood factors and increasing frailty in a community-dwelling sample of Mexican americans older than 75 years. Method: Based on a modified version of the Cardiovascular Health Study Frailty Index, the authors examine 2-year follow-up data from the Hispanic Established Populations for Epidemiologic Studies of the Elderly (H-EPESE) to ascertain the rates and determinants of increasing frailty among 2,069 Mexican American adults 75+ years of age at baseline. Results: Respondents at risk of increasing frailty live in a less ethnically dense Mexican-American neighborhood, are older, do not have private insurance or Medicare, have higher levels of medical conditions, have lower levels of cognitive functioning, and report less positive affect. Discussion: Personal as well as neighborhood characteristics confer protective effects on individual health in this representative, well-characterized sample of older Mexican americans. Potential mechanisms that may be implicated in the protective effect of ethnically homogenous communities are discussed.
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frailty and incidence of activities of daily living disability among older Mexican americans
Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine, 2009Co-Authors: Soham Al Snih, Kyriakos S. Markides, Laura A. Ray, Rafael Samperternent, James E Graham, Kenneth J OttenbacherAbstract:Objective: To examine the association between frailty status and incidence of disability among non-disabled older Mexican americans. Design: A 10-year prospective cohort study. Subjects: A total of 1645 non-institutionalized Mexican americans aged 67 years and older from the Hispanic Established Population for the Epidemiological Study of the Elderly (H-EPESE), who reported no limitation in activities of daily living at baseline. Methods: Frailty was defined as meeting 3 or more of the following components: (i) unintentional weight loss of > 2.26 kg; (ii) weakness (lowest 20% in hand grip strength); (iii) self-reported exhaustion; (iv) slow walking speed; and (v) low physical activity level. Socio-demographic factors, Mini Mental State Examination, medical conditions, body mass index, and self-reported activities of daily living were obtained. Results: Of the 1645 non-disabled subjects at baseline, 820 (50%) were not frail, 749 (45.7%) were pre-frail, and 71 (4.3%) were frail. The hazard ratio of activities of daily living disability at 10-year follow-up for pre-frail subjects was 1.32 (95% confidence interval 1.10–1.58) and 2.42 (95% confidence interval 70–3.46) for frail subjects compared with not frail subjects. This association remained statistically significant after controlling for potential confounding factors at baseline. Conclusion: Pre-frail and frail status in older Mexican americans was associated with an increased risk of activities of daily living disability over a 10-year period among non-disabled subjects.
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relationship between frailty and cognitive decline in older Mexican americans
Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 2008Co-Authors: Rafael Samperternent, Kyriakos S. Markides, Mukaila A Raji, Soham Al Snih, Kenneth J OttenbacherAbstract:OBJECTIVES: To examine the association between frailty status and change in cognitive function over time in older Mexican americans. DESIGN: Data used were from the Hispanic Established Population for the Epidemiological Study of the Elderly. SETTING: Five southwestern states: Texas, New Mexico, Colorado, Arizona, and California. PARTICIPANTS: One thousand three hundred seventy noninstitutionalized Mexican-American men and women aged 65 and older with a Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score of 21 or higher at baseline (1995/96). MEASUREMENTS: Frailty, defined as three or more of the following components: unintentional weight loss of more than 10 pounds, weakness (lowest 20% in grip strength), self-reported exhaustion, slow walking speed (lowest 20% in 16-foot walk time in seconds), and low physical activity level (lowest 20% on Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly score). Information about sociodemographic factors, MMSE score, medical conditions (stroke, heart attack, diabetes mellitus, arthritis, cancer, and hypertension), depressive symptoms, and visual impairment was obtained. RESULTS: Of the 1,370 subjects, 684 (49.9%) were not frail, 626 (45.7%) were prefrail (1–2 components), and 60 (4.4%) were frail (≥3 components) in 1995/96. Using general linear mixed models, it was found that frail subjects had greater cognitive decline over 10 years than not frail subjects (estimate=−0.67, standard error=0.13; P<.001). This association remained statistically significant after controlling for potential confounding factors. CONCLUSION: Frail status in older Mexican americans with MMSE scores of 21 or higher at baseline is an independent predictor of MMSE score decline over a 10-year period. Future research is needed to establish pathophysiological components that can clarify the relationship between frailty and cognitive decline.
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handgrip strength and cognitive decline in older Mexican americans
Journals of Gerontology Series A-biological Sciences and Medical Sciences, 2006Co-Authors: Ana Alfaroacha, Kyriakos S. Markides, Soham Al Snih Al Snih, Mukaila A Raji, Yong Fang Kuo, Kenneth J OttenbacherAbstract:Background. Cognitive decline and dementia are associated with disability and premature death in old age. We examined whether low handgrip strength predicts subsequent cognitive decline in older Mexican americans. Methods. We worked with a 7-year prospective cohort of 2160 noninstitutionalized Mexican americans aged 65 years or older from the Hispanic Established Population for the Epidemiological Study of the Elderly (H-EPESE) who had a Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score � 21 at baseline. Measures included: (i) sociodemographic factors (age, gender, and education), handgrip strength, and near and distant visual impairment from baseline interview; and (ii) MMSE, body mass index (BMI), and medical conditions (stroke, heart attack, diabetes, depression, and hypertension) from four waves of data collection. Results. Using general linear mixed models, we found a significant trend with scores in the lowest quartile of handgrip strength at baseline to be associated with lower MMSE scores over time (estimate ¼� 1.28, standard error ¼ 0.16; p , .0001). There was a significant handgrip Strength-by-Time interaction with MMSE scores. Participants in the lowest handgrip strength quartile had a greater cognitive decline over time (estimate ¼� 0.26, standard error ¼ 0.07; p , .001) than did those participants in the highest quartile. This association remained statistically significant after controlling for potential confounding factors. Conclusion. Older Mexican americans with reduced handgrip strength at baseline demonstrated a statistically significant decline in cognitive function over a 7-year period. By contrast, participants in the highest handgrip strength quartile maintained a higher level of cognitive function.
