The Experts below are selected from a list of 103458 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Covadonga R. Arias - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Potassium permanganate elicits a shift of the external fish Microbiome and increases host susceptibility to columnaris disease
Veterinary Research, 2015Co-Authors: Haitham H. Mohammed, Covadonga R. AriasAbstract:The external Microbiome of fish is thought to benefit the host by hindering the invasion of opportunistic pathogens and/or stimulating the immune system. Disruption of those microbial communities could increase susceptibility to diseases. Traditional aquaculture practices include the use of potent surface-acting disinfectants such as potassium permanganate (PP, KMnO4) to treat external infections. This study evaluated the effect of PP on the external Microbiome of channel catfish and investigated if dysbiosis leads to an increase in disease susceptibility. Columnaris disease, caused by Flavobacterium columnare, was used as disease model. Four treatments were compared in the study: (I) negative control (not treated with PP nor challenged with F. columnare), (II) treated but not challenged, (III) not treated but challenged, and (IV) treated and challenged. Ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis (RISA) and pyrosequencing were used to analyze changes in the external Microbiome during the experiment. Exposure to PP significantly disturbed the external Microbiomes and increased catfish mortality following the experimental challenge. Analysis of similarities of RISA profiles showed statistically significant changes in the skin and gill Microbiomes based on treatment and sampling time. Characterization of the Microbiomes using 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing confirmed the disruption of the skin Microbiome by PP at different phylogenetic levels. Loss of diversity occurred during the study, even in the control group, but was more noticeable in fish subjected to PP than in those challenged with F. columnare. Fish treated with PP and challenged with the pathogen exhibited the least diverse Microbiome at the end of the study.
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community structure of skin Microbiome of gulf killifish fundulus grandis is driven by seasonality and not exposure to oiled sediments in a louisiana salt marsh
Microbial Ecology, 2015Co-Authors: Stephen A Bullard, Andrea M Larsen, Matthew R Womble, Covadonga R. AriasAbstract:Mucus of fish skin harbors complex bacterial com- munities that likely contribute to fish homeostasis. When the equilibrium between the host and its external bacterial symbi- onts is disrupted, bacterial diversity decreases while opportu- nistic pathogen prevalence increases, making the onset of path- ogenic bacterial infection more likely. Because of that relation- ship, documenting temporal and spatial microbial community changes may be predictive of fish health status. The 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil spill was a potential stressor to the Gulf of Mexico's coastal ecosystem. Ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis (RISA) and pyrosequencing were used to ana- lyze the bacterial communities (Microbiome) associated with the skin and mucus of Gulf killifish (Fundulus grandis )t hat were collected from oiled and non-oiled salt marsh sites in Barataria Bay, LA. Water samples and fin clips were collected to examine Microbiome structure. The Microbiome of Gulf killifish was significantly different from that of the surrounding water, mainly attributable to shifts in abundances of Cyanobacteria and Proteobacteria. The Gulf killifish's Microbiome was dominated by Gammaproteobacteria, specifi- cally members of Pseudomonas. No significant difference was found between Microbiomes of fish collected from oiled and non-oiled sites suggesting little impact of oil contamination on fish bacterial assemblages. Conversely, seasonality significant- ly influenced Microbiome structure. Overall, the high similarity observed between the Microbiomes of individual fish observed during this study posits that skin and mucus of Gulf killifish have a resilient core Microbiome.
Vance T Vredenburg - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Parental Care Alters the Egg Microbiome of Maritime Earwigs
Microbial Ecology, 2020Co-Authors: Jordan A. Greer, Vance T Vredenburg, Andrea Swei, Andrew G ZinkAbstract:Recruitment of beneficial microbes to protect offspring, often reducing the energetic costs of care, is now recognized as an important component of parental care in many animals. Studies on earwigs (order Dermaptera) have revealed that removal of females from egg tending increases mortality of eggs due to fungal infections, possibly caused by changes in the bacterial Microbiome on the egg surface. We used a controlled female-removal experiment to evaluate whether female nest attendance in the maritime earwig, Anisolabis maritima , influences the bacterial Microbiome on the egg surface. Further, we analyzed the Microbiomes of mothers and their eggs to determine if there are a core set of bacteria transferred to eggs through female care. Microbiomes were analyzed using 16S rRNA bacterial DNA sequencing, revealing that bacterial operational taxonomic unit (OTU) richness and diversity were both significantly higher for female attended versus unattended eggs. The core Microbiome of adult females contained bacteria which have the potential to carry anti-fungal characteristics; these bacteria were found in higher presence and relative abundance on eggs where females were allowed to provide care. These results demonstrate that female egg attendance significantly impacts the bacterial Microbiome of A. maritima eggs, and identifies specific bacteria within the egg Microbiome that should be investigated further for beneficial anti-fungal properties in this system.
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intraspecific variation in the skin associated Microbiome of a terrestrial salamander
Microbial Ecology, 2017Co-Authors: Sofia R Pradoirwin, Alicia K Bird, Andrew G Zink, Vance T VredenburgAbstract:Resident microbial communities living on amphibian skin can have significant effects on host health, yet the basic ecology of the host-Microbiome relationship of many amphibian taxa is poorly understood. We characterized intraspecific variation in the skin Microbiome of the salamander Ensatina eschscholtzii xanthoptica, a subspecies composed of four genetically distinct populations distributed throughout the San Francisco Bay Area and the Sierra Nevada mountains in California, USA. We found that salamanders from four geographically and genetically isolated populations harbor similar skin microbial communities, which are dominated by a common core set of bacterial taxa. Additionally, within a population, the skin Microbiome does not appear to differ significantly between salamanders of different ages or sexes. In all cases, the salamander skin Microbiomes were significantly different from those of the surrounding terrestrial environment. These results suggest that the relationship between E. e. xanthoptica salamanders and their resident skin Microbiomes is conserved, possibly indicating a stable mutualism between the host and Microbiome.
Melissah Rowe - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the reproductive Microbiome an emerging driver of sexual selection sexual conflict mating systems and reproductive isolation
Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 2020Co-Authors: Melissah Rowe, Liisa Veerus, Pal Trosvik, Angus Buckling, Tommaso PizzariAbstract:All multicellular organisms host microbial communities in and on their bodies, and these Microbiomes can have major influences on host biology. Most research has focussed on the oral, skin, and gut Microbiomes, whereas relatively little is known about the reproductive Microbiome. Here, we review empirical evidence to show that reproductive Microbiomes can have significant effects on the reproductive function and performance of males and females. We then discuss the likely repercussions of these effects for evolutionary processes related to sexual selection and sexual conflict, as well as mating systems and reproductive isolation. We argue that knowledge of the reproductive Microbiome is fundamental to our understanding of the evolutionary ecology of reproductive strategies and sexual dynamics of host organisms.
Andrea M Larsen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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community structure of skin Microbiome of gulf killifish fundulus grandis is driven by seasonality and not exposure to oiled sediments in a louisiana salt marsh
Microbial Ecology, 2015Co-Authors: Stephen A Bullard, Andrea M Larsen, Matthew R Womble, Covadonga R. AriasAbstract:Mucus of fish skin harbors complex bacterial com- munities that likely contribute to fish homeostasis. When the equilibrium between the host and its external bacterial symbi- onts is disrupted, bacterial diversity decreases while opportu- nistic pathogen prevalence increases, making the onset of path- ogenic bacterial infection more likely. Because of that relation- ship, documenting temporal and spatial microbial community changes may be predictive of fish health status. The 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil spill was a potential stressor to the Gulf of Mexico's coastal ecosystem. Ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis (RISA) and pyrosequencing were used to ana- lyze the bacterial communities (Microbiome) associated with the skin and mucus of Gulf killifish (Fundulus grandis )t hat were collected from oiled and non-oiled salt marsh sites in Barataria Bay, LA. Water samples and fin clips were collected to examine Microbiome structure. The Microbiome of Gulf killifish was significantly different from that of the surrounding water, mainly attributable to shifts in abundances of Cyanobacteria and Proteobacteria. The Gulf killifish's Microbiome was dominated by Gammaproteobacteria, specifi- cally members of Pseudomonas. No significant difference was found between Microbiomes of fish collected from oiled and non-oiled sites suggesting little impact of oil contamination on fish bacterial assemblages. Conversely, seasonality significant- ly influenced Microbiome structure. Overall, the high similarity observed between the Microbiomes of individual fish observed during this study posits that skin and mucus of Gulf killifish have a resilient core Microbiome.
Linsey C. Marr - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Seasonal dynamics of DNA and RNA viral bioaerosol communities in a daycare center
Microbiome, 2019Co-Authors: Aaron J. Prussin, Pedro J. Torres, John Shimashita, Steven R. Head, Kyle J. Bibby, Scott T. Kelley, Linsey C. MarrAbstract:Background Viruses play an important role in ecosystems, including the built environment (BE). While numerous studies have characterized bacterial and fungal Microbiomes in the BE, few have focused on the viral Microbiome (virome). Longitudinal Microbiome studies provide insight into the stability and dynamics of microbial communities; however, few such studies exist for the Microbiome of the BE, and most have focused on bacteria. Here, we present a longitudinal, metagenomic-based analysis of the airborne DNA and RNA virome of a children’s daycare center. Specifically, we investigate how the airborne virome varies as a function of season and human occupancy, and we identify possible sources of the viruses and their hosts, mainly humans, animals, plants, and insects. Results Season strongly influenced the airborne viral community composition, and a single sample collected when the daycare center was unoccupied suggested that occupancy also influenced the community. The pattern of influence differed between DNA and RNA viromes. Human-associated viruses were much more diverse and dominant in the winter, while the summertime virome contained a high relative proportion and diversity of plant-associated viruses. Conclusions This airborne Microbiome in this building exhibited seasonality in its viral community but not its bacterial community. Human occupancy influenced both types of communities. By adding new data about the viral Microbiome to complement burgeoning information about the bacterial and fungal Microbiomes, this study contributes to a more complete understanding of the airborne Microbiome.
