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Chew Lim Tan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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automatic indexing of newspaper Microfilm images
Document Analysis Systems, 2002Co-Authors: Qing H. Liu, Chew Lim TanAbstract:This paper describes a proposed document analysis system that aims at automatic indexing of digitized images of old newspaper Microfilms. This is done by extracting news headlines from Microfilm images. The headlines are then converted to machine readable text by OCR to serve as indices to the respective news articles. A major challenge to us is the poor image quality of the Microfilm as most images are usually inadequately illuminated and considerably dirty. To overcome the problem we propose a new effective method for separating characters from noisy background since conventional threshold selection techniques are inadequate to deal with these kinds of images. A Run Length Smearing Algorithm (RLSA) is then applied to the headline extraction. Experimental results confirm the validity of the approach.
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newspaper headlines extraction from Microfilm images
International Conference on Pattern Recognition, 2002Co-Authors: Qing H. Liu, Chew Lim TanAbstract:Automatic indexing is important for a digital library to provide digitized manuscripts of old document images and their electronic text. As an essential step in creating such a system, this paper discusses the issue of extracting headlines from old newspaper Microfilms. Most research on document layout analysis has largely assumed relatively clean images. However Microfilm images of old newspapers present a challenge. Such images are usually insufficiently illuminated and considerably dirty. To overcome the problem we propose a new effective method for separating characters from noisy background since conventional threshold selection techniques are inadequate to deal with these kinds of images. A Run Length Smearing Algorithm (RLSA) is applied in the headline extraction. An experiment shows that our approach has improved the recall, precision and combined rates.
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Document Analysis Systems - Automatic Indexing of Newspaper Microfilm Images
Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2002Co-Authors: Qing H. Liu, Chew Lim TanAbstract:This paper describes a proposed document analysis system that aims at automatic indexing of digitized images of old newspaper Microfilms. This is done by extracting news headlines from Microfilm images. The headlines are then converted to machine readable text by OCR to serve as indices to the respective news articles. A major challenge to us is the poor image quality of the Microfilm as most images are usually inadequately illuminated and considerably dirty. To overcome the problem we propose a new effective method for separating characters from noisy background since conventional threshold selection techniques are inadequate to deal with these kinds of images. A Run Length Smearing Algorithm (RLSA) is then applied to the headline extraction. Experimental results confirm the validity of the approach.
Jodhbir S Mehta - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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a biodegradable sustained released tacrolimus Microfilm drug delivery system for the management of allergic conjunctivitis in a mouse model
Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, 2018Co-Authors: Yuchi Liu, Subbu S Venkatraman, Ericia Pei Wen Teo, Hengpei Ang, Nyein Chan Lwin, Nicole Shuwen Chan, Tina Tzeeling Wong, Jodhbir S MehtaAbstract:Purpose To investigate the drug release profiles of a tacrolimus-loaded poly(D,L-lactide-co-e-caprolactone) (PLC) Microfilm, and to evaluate its efficacy on the treatment of allergic conjunctivitis using a mouse model. Methods The in vitro and in vivo drug release profiles were first characterized. Balb/c mice were immunized with short ragweed (SRW) injection followed by re-challenges with topical SRW solution. The mice were divided into six groups (n = 12 in each): negative control (NC); positive control (PC); tacrolimus eye drops (Te); subconjunctival tacrolimus Microfilm (Tm); dexamethasone eye drops (De); and tacrolimus + dexamethasone eye drops (Te+De). The mice were evaluated for 28 days by a scoring system for allergic conjunctivitis. Histopathologic and immunohistochemical staining with CD11c, CD4, and IL-4 were performed. Results The Microfilms were biocompatible and delivered clinically sufficient dose in a sustained manner, with a steady rate of 0.212 to 0.243 μg/day in vivo. Compared to the PC groups, the Te, Tm, De, and Te+De groups significantly reduced the allergic clinical scores throughout the study period (all P < 0.01; 0.0 ± 0.0, 5.6 ± 0.9, 3.3 ± 0.9, 3.2 ± 0.9, 1.9 ± 0.4 and 1.7 ± 0.8 for the NC, PC, Tm, Te, De, and Te+De groups, respectively, at 4 weeks after treatment). The suppressed eosinophils, CD11c, CD4, and IL-4 expression were also observed in all treatment groups, with more reduction in the Te+De group. Conclusions Tacrolimus-loaded Microfilms display good biocompatibility and desirable sustained drug release. It was as effective as conventional tacrolimus eye drops on the treatment of allergic conjunctivitis, providing a promising clinically applicable alternative for controlling allergic disease activity, or other immune-mediated ocular diseases.
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a biodegradable sustained released prednisolone acetate Microfilm drug delivery system effectively prolongs corneal allograft survival in the rat keratoplasty model
PLOS ONE, 2013Co-Authors: Yuchi Liu, Subbu S Venkatraman, Tina T Wong, Nyein Chan Lwin, Yan Peng, Jodhbir S MehtaAbstract:Frequent and long-term use of topical corticosteroids after corneal transplantation is necessary to prevent graft rejection. However, it relies heavily on patient compliance, and sustained therapeutic drug levels are often not achieved with administration of topical eye drops. A biodegradable drug delivery system with a controlled and sustained drug release may circumvent these limitations. In this study, we investigated the efficacy of a prednisolone acetate (PA)-loaded poly (d,l-lactide-co-e-caprolactone) (PLC) Microfilm drug delivery system on promoting the survival of allogeneic grafts after penetrating keratoplasty (PK) using a rat model. The drug release profiles of the Microfilms were characterized (group 1). Subsequently, forty-eight PK were performed in four experimental groups: syngeneic control grafts (group 2), allogeneic control grafts (group 3), allogeneic grafts with subconjunctivally-implanted PA Microfilm (group 4), and allogeneic grafts with PA eye drops (group 5; n = 12 in each). PA-loaded Microfilm achieved a sustained and steady release at a rate of 0.006–0.009 mg/day, with a consistent aqueous drug concentration of 207–209 ng/ml. The mean survival days was >28 days in group 2, 9.9±0.8 days in group 3, 26.8±2.7 days in group 4, and 26.4±3.4 days in group 5 (P = 0.023 and P = 0.027 compared with group 3). Statistically significant decrease in CD4+, CD163+, CD 25+, and CD54+ cell infiltration was observed in group 4 and group 5 compared with group 3 (P<0.001). There was no significant difference in the mean survival and immunohistochemical analysis between group 4 and group 5. These results showed that sustained PA-loaded Microfilm effectively prolongs corneal allograft survival. It is as effective as conventional PA eye drops, providing a promising clinically applicable alternative for patients undergoing corneal transplantation.
Qing H. Liu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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automatic indexing of newspaper Microfilm images
Document Analysis Systems, 2002Co-Authors: Qing H. Liu, Chew Lim TanAbstract:This paper describes a proposed document analysis system that aims at automatic indexing of digitized images of old newspaper Microfilms. This is done by extracting news headlines from Microfilm images. The headlines are then converted to machine readable text by OCR to serve as indices to the respective news articles. A major challenge to us is the poor image quality of the Microfilm as most images are usually inadequately illuminated and considerably dirty. To overcome the problem we propose a new effective method for separating characters from noisy background since conventional threshold selection techniques are inadequate to deal with these kinds of images. A Run Length Smearing Algorithm (RLSA) is then applied to the headline extraction. Experimental results confirm the validity of the approach.
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newspaper headlines extraction from Microfilm images
International Conference on Pattern Recognition, 2002Co-Authors: Qing H. Liu, Chew Lim TanAbstract:Automatic indexing is important for a digital library to provide digitized manuscripts of old document images and their electronic text. As an essential step in creating such a system, this paper discusses the issue of extracting headlines from old newspaper Microfilms. Most research on document layout analysis has largely assumed relatively clean images. However Microfilm images of old newspapers present a challenge. Such images are usually insufficiently illuminated and considerably dirty. To overcome the problem we propose a new effective method for separating characters from noisy background since conventional threshold selection techniques are inadequate to deal with these kinds of images. A Run Length Smearing Algorithm (RLSA) is applied in the headline extraction. An experiment shows that our approach has improved the recall, precision and combined rates.
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Document Analysis Systems - Automatic Indexing of Newspaper Microfilm Images
Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2002Co-Authors: Qing H. Liu, Chew Lim TanAbstract:This paper describes a proposed document analysis system that aims at automatic indexing of digitized images of old newspaper Microfilms. This is done by extracting news headlines from Microfilm images. The headlines are then converted to machine readable text by OCR to serve as indices to the respective news articles. A major challenge to us is the poor image quality of the Microfilm as most images are usually inadequately illuminated and considerably dirty. To overcome the problem we propose a new effective method for separating characters from noisy background since conventional threshold selection techniques are inadequate to deal with these kinds of images. A Run Length Smearing Algorithm (RLSA) is then applied to the headline extraction. Experimental results confirm the validity of the approach.
Subbu S Venkatraman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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a biodegradable sustained released tacrolimus Microfilm drug delivery system for the management of allergic conjunctivitis in a mouse model
Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, 2018Co-Authors: Yuchi Liu, Subbu S Venkatraman, Ericia Pei Wen Teo, Hengpei Ang, Nyein Chan Lwin, Nicole Shuwen Chan, Tina Tzeeling Wong, Jodhbir S MehtaAbstract:Purpose To investigate the drug release profiles of a tacrolimus-loaded poly(D,L-lactide-co-e-caprolactone) (PLC) Microfilm, and to evaluate its efficacy on the treatment of allergic conjunctivitis using a mouse model. Methods The in vitro and in vivo drug release profiles were first characterized. Balb/c mice were immunized with short ragweed (SRW) injection followed by re-challenges with topical SRW solution. The mice were divided into six groups (n = 12 in each): negative control (NC); positive control (PC); tacrolimus eye drops (Te); subconjunctival tacrolimus Microfilm (Tm); dexamethasone eye drops (De); and tacrolimus + dexamethasone eye drops (Te+De). The mice were evaluated for 28 days by a scoring system for allergic conjunctivitis. Histopathologic and immunohistochemical staining with CD11c, CD4, and IL-4 were performed. Results The Microfilms were biocompatible and delivered clinically sufficient dose in a sustained manner, with a steady rate of 0.212 to 0.243 μg/day in vivo. Compared to the PC groups, the Te, Tm, De, and Te+De groups significantly reduced the allergic clinical scores throughout the study period (all P < 0.01; 0.0 ± 0.0, 5.6 ± 0.9, 3.3 ± 0.9, 3.2 ± 0.9, 1.9 ± 0.4 and 1.7 ± 0.8 for the NC, PC, Tm, Te, De, and Te+De groups, respectively, at 4 weeks after treatment). The suppressed eosinophils, CD11c, CD4, and IL-4 expression were also observed in all treatment groups, with more reduction in the Te+De group. Conclusions Tacrolimus-loaded Microfilms display good biocompatibility and desirable sustained drug release. It was as effective as conventional tacrolimus eye drops on the treatment of allergic conjunctivitis, providing a promising clinically applicable alternative for controlling allergic disease activity, or other immune-mediated ocular diseases.
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a biodegradable sustained released prednisolone acetate Microfilm drug delivery system effectively prolongs corneal allograft survival in the rat keratoplasty model
PLOS ONE, 2013Co-Authors: Yuchi Liu, Subbu S Venkatraman, Tina T Wong, Nyein Chan Lwin, Yan Peng, Jodhbir S MehtaAbstract:Frequent and long-term use of topical corticosteroids after corneal transplantation is necessary to prevent graft rejection. However, it relies heavily on patient compliance, and sustained therapeutic drug levels are often not achieved with administration of topical eye drops. A biodegradable drug delivery system with a controlled and sustained drug release may circumvent these limitations. In this study, we investigated the efficacy of a prednisolone acetate (PA)-loaded poly (d,l-lactide-co-e-caprolactone) (PLC) Microfilm drug delivery system on promoting the survival of allogeneic grafts after penetrating keratoplasty (PK) using a rat model. The drug release profiles of the Microfilms were characterized (group 1). Subsequently, forty-eight PK were performed in four experimental groups: syngeneic control grafts (group 2), allogeneic control grafts (group 3), allogeneic grafts with subconjunctivally-implanted PA Microfilm (group 4), and allogeneic grafts with PA eye drops (group 5; n = 12 in each). PA-loaded Microfilm achieved a sustained and steady release at a rate of 0.006–0.009 mg/day, with a consistent aqueous drug concentration of 207–209 ng/ml. The mean survival days was >28 days in group 2, 9.9±0.8 days in group 3, 26.8±2.7 days in group 4, and 26.4±3.4 days in group 5 (P = 0.023 and P = 0.027 compared with group 3). Statistically significant decrease in CD4+, CD163+, CD 25+, and CD54+ cell infiltration was observed in group 4 and group 5 compared with group 3 (P<0.001). There was no significant difference in the mean survival and immunohistochemical analysis between group 4 and group 5. These results showed that sustained PA-loaded Microfilm effectively prolongs corneal allograft survival. It is as effective as conventional PA eye drops, providing a promising clinically applicable alternative for patients undergoing corneal transplantation.
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evaluation of sustained release of plc loaded prednisolone acetate Microfilm on postoperative inflammation in an experimental model of glaucoma filtration surgery
Current Eye Research, 2011Co-Authors: Marcus Ang, Peng Yan, Ma Zhen, Selin Foo, Subbu S Venkatraman, Tina T WongAbstract:Purpose: To evaluate the effect of a biodegradable Microfilm with sustained release of prednisolone acetate (PA) on postoperative wound healing after experimental glaucoma filtration surgery (GFS).Methods: Biodegradable Microfilms composed of poly (d-, l-lactide-co-caprolactone) (PLC) were fabricated and then pre-loaded PA-20% total weight. Fourteen New Zealand White rabbits were randomly divided into 3 treatment groups: GFS alone (n = 4), GFS with PLC Microfilms (n = 4) and GFS with PA-loaded Microfilm (n = 6). Microfilms were inserted subconjunctivally, adjacent to the filtering surgical site. We monitored all eyes with slit-lamp examination, bleb photography and anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT). Histology with immunohistochemistry was performed to determine the presence of any inflammation.Results: Prednisolone acetate 20%-loaded Microfilms exhibited steady, sustained release in vitro. Eyes implanted with PA-loaded Microfilms showed a significantly better bleb survival (100% vs. 3...
Yuchi Liu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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a biodegradable sustained released tacrolimus Microfilm drug delivery system for the management of allergic conjunctivitis in a mouse model
Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, 2018Co-Authors: Yuchi Liu, Subbu S Venkatraman, Ericia Pei Wen Teo, Hengpei Ang, Nyein Chan Lwin, Nicole Shuwen Chan, Tina Tzeeling Wong, Jodhbir S MehtaAbstract:Purpose To investigate the drug release profiles of a tacrolimus-loaded poly(D,L-lactide-co-e-caprolactone) (PLC) Microfilm, and to evaluate its efficacy on the treatment of allergic conjunctivitis using a mouse model. Methods The in vitro and in vivo drug release profiles were first characterized. Balb/c mice were immunized with short ragweed (SRW) injection followed by re-challenges with topical SRW solution. The mice were divided into six groups (n = 12 in each): negative control (NC); positive control (PC); tacrolimus eye drops (Te); subconjunctival tacrolimus Microfilm (Tm); dexamethasone eye drops (De); and tacrolimus + dexamethasone eye drops (Te+De). The mice were evaluated for 28 days by a scoring system for allergic conjunctivitis. Histopathologic and immunohistochemical staining with CD11c, CD4, and IL-4 were performed. Results The Microfilms were biocompatible and delivered clinically sufficient dose in a sustained manner, with a steady rate of 0.212 to 0.243 μg/day in vivo. Compared to the PC groups, the Te, Tm, De, and Te+De groups significantly reduced the allergic clinical scores throughout the study period (all P < 0.01; 0.0 ± 0.0, 5.6 ± 0.9, 3.3 ± 0.9, 3.2 ± 0.9, 1.9 ± 0.4 and 1.7 ± 0.8 for the NC, PC, Tm, Te, De, and Te+De groups, respectively, at 4 weeks after treatment). The suppressed eosinophils, CD11c, CD4, and IL-4 expression were also observed in all treatment groups, with more reduction in the Te+De group. Conclusions Tacrolimus-loaded Microfilms display good biocompatibility and desirable sustained drug release. It was as effective as conventional tacrolimus eye drops on the treatment of allergic conjunctivitis, providing a promising clinically applicable alternative for controlling allergic disease activity, or other immune-mediated ocular diseases.
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a biodegradable sustained released prednisolone acetate Microfilm drug delivery system effectively prolongs corneal allograft survival in the rat keratoplasty model
PLOS ONE, 2013Co-Authors: Yuchi Liu, Subbu S Venkatraman, Tina T Wong, Nyein Chan Lwin, Yan Peng, Jodhbir S MehtaAbstract:Frequent and long-term use of topical corticosteroids after corneal transplantation is necessary to prevent graft rejection. However, it relies heavily on patient compliance, and sustained therapeutic drug levels are often not achieved with administration of topical eye drops. A biodegradable drug delivery system with a controlled and sustained drug release may circumvent these limitations. In this study, we investigated the efficacy of a prednisolone acetate (PA)-loaded poly (d,l-lactide-co-e-caprolactone) (PLC) Microfilm drug delivery system on promoting the survival of allogeneic grafts after penetrating keratoplasty (PK) using a rat model. The drug release profiles of the Microfilms were characterized (group 1). Subsequently, forty-eight PK were performed in four experimental groups: syngeneic control grafts (group 2), allogeneic control grafts (group 3), allogeneic grafts with subconjunctivally-implanted PA Microfilm (group 4), and allogeneic grafts with PA eye drops (group 5; n = 12 in each). PA-loaded Microfilm achieved a sustained and steady release at a rate of 0.006–0.009 mg/day, with a consistent aqueous drug concentration of 207–209 ng/ml. The mean survival days was >28 days in group 2, 9.9±0.8 days in group 3, 26.8±2.7 days in group 4, and 26.4±3.4 days in group 5 (P = 0.023 and P = 0.027 compared with group 3). Statistically significant decrease in CD4+, CD163+, CD 25+, and CD54+ cell infiltration was observed in group 4 and group 5 compared with group 3 (P<0.001). There was no significant difference in the mean survival and immunohistochemical analysis between group 4 and group 5. These results showed that sustained PA-loaded Microfilm effectively prolongs corneal allograft survival. It is as effective as conventional PA eye drops, providing a promising clinically applicable alternative for patients undergoing corneal transplantation.