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Yunho Hwang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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potential energy benefits of integrated refrigeration system with microturbine and absorption chiller
International Journal of Refrigeration-revue Internationale Du Froid, 2004Co-Authors: Yunho HwangAbstract:This paper presents and analyzes the performance potential of a refrigeration system that is integrated with a microturbine and an absorption chiller (RMA). The waste heat from the microturbine operates the absorption chiller, which provides additional cooling. This additional cooling capacity can be utilized either to subcool the liquid exiting the condenser of the refrigeration system or to precool the air entering the condenser in the refrigeration system. Moreover, any surplus cooling capacity not utilized in the subcooler can be utilized to precool the microturbine intake air. The additional assistance to the refrigeration system enhances the efficiency of the refrigeration cycle, which in turn reduces the required microturbine size. The smaller size of the microturbine enhances the part load efficiency, especially in lower ambient temperatures. With increased microturbine efficiency, RMA with subcooler, RMA with subcooler and microturbine intake air precooler, and RMA with condenser air precooler can reduce the annual energy consumption by 12, 19, and 3%, respectively, as compared to a refrigeration system operating without any waste heat utilization from the microturbine. Therefore, RMA with subcooler and microturbine intake air precooler has the best potential of energy savings. The payback period of RMA with subcooler and microturbine intake air precooler is estimated in 3 years, which facilitates it as an economically feasible solution among the options investigated.
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Potential energy benefits of integrated refrigeration system with microturbine and absorption chiller
International Journal of Refrigeration, 2004Co-Authors: Yunho HwangAbstract:This paper presents and analyzes the performance potential of a refrigeration system that is integrated with a microturbine and an absorption chiller (RMA). The waste heat from the microturbine operates the absorption chiller, which provides additional cooling. This additional cooling capacity can be utilized either to subcool the liquid exiting the condenser of the refrigeration system or to precool the air entering the condenser in the refrigeration system. Moreover, any surplus cooling capacity not utilized in the subcooler can be utilized to precool the microturbine intake air. The additional assistance to the refrigeration system enhances the efficiency of the refrigeration cycle, which in turn reduces the required microturbine size. The smaller size of the microturbine enhances the part load efficiency, especially in lower ambient temperatures. With increased microturbine efficiency, RMA with subcooler, RMA with subcooler and microturbine intake air precooler, and RMA with condenser air precooler can reduce the annual energy consumption by 12, 19, and 3%, respectively, as compared to a refrigeration system operating without any waste heat utilization from the microturbine. Therefore, RMA with subcooler and microturbine intake air precooler has the best potential of energy savings. The payback period of RMA with subcooler and microturbine intake air precooler is estimated in 3 years, which facilitates it as an economically feasible solution among the options investigated. © 2004 Published by Elsevier Ltd and IIR.
Alberto Coronas - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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thermodynamic analysis of a trigeneration system consisting of a micro gas turbine and a double effect absorption chiller
Applied Thermal Engineering, 2011Co-Authors: Armando Huicochea, Joan Carles Bruno, Wilfrido Rivera, Geydy Gutierrezurueta, Alberto CoronasAbstract:Abstract Combining heating and power systems represent an option to improve the efficiency of energy usage and to reduce thermal pollution toward environment. Microturbines generate electrical power and usable residual heat which can be partially used to activate a thermally driven chiller. The purpose of this paper is to analyze theoretically the thermodynamic performance of a trigeneration system formed by a microturbine and a double-effect water/LiBr absorption chiller. The heat data supplied to the generator of the double effect air conditioning system was acquired from experimental data of a 28 kW E microturbine, obtained at CREVER facilities. A thermodynamic simulator was developed at Centro de Investigacion en Energia in the Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico by using a MATLAB programming language. Mass and energy balances of the main components of the cooling system were obtained with water–lithium bromide solution as working fluid. The trigeneration system was evaluated at different operating conditions: ambient temperatures, generation temperatures and microturbine fuel mass flow rate. The results demonstrated that this system represents an attractive technological alternative to use the energy from the microturbine exhaust gases for electric power generation, cooling and heating produced simultaneously.
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Thermodynamic analysis of a trigeneration system consisting of a micro gas turbine and a double effect absorption chiller
Applied Thermal Engineering, 2011Co-Authors: Armando Huicochea, Geydy Guti??rrez-Urueta, Joan Carles Bruno, Wilfrido Rivera, Geydy Gutiérrez-urueta, Alberto CoronasAbstract:Combining heating and power systems represent an option to improve the efficiency of energy usage and to reduce thermal pollution toward environment. Microturbines generate electrical power and usable residual heat which can be partially used to activate a thermally driven chiller. The purpose of this paper is to analyze theoretically the thermodynamic performance of a trigeneration system formed by a microturbine and a double-effect water/LiBr absorption chiller. The heat data supplied to the generator of the double effect air conditioning system was acquired from experimental data of a 28 kWE microturbine, obtained at CREVER facilities. A thermodynamic simulator was developed at Centro de Investigaci??n en Energ??a in the Universidad Nacional Aut??noma de M??xico by using a MATLAB programming language. Mass and energy balances of the main components of the cooling system were obtained with water-lithium bromide solution as working fluid. The trigeneration system was evaluated at different operating conditions: ambient temperatures, generation temperatures and microturbine fuel mass flow rate. The results demonstrated that this system represents an attractive technological alternative to use the energy from the microturbine exhaust gases for electric power generation, cooling and heating produced simultaneously. ?? 2011 Elsevier Ltd.
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Modelling and Simulation of a Microturbine during Transient Events
Renewable energy & power quality journal, 2010Co-Authors: Pablo Eguia, Enrique Torres, J.i. San Martín, Inmaculada Zamora, M. Moya, J.c. Bruno, Alberto CoronasAbstract:This paper deals with the performance of a microturbine connected to a LV grid during different transient events in the network. The study is based on the dynamic modelling of a microturbine and the simulation of different events in the Matlab/Simulink environment. The microturbine model has been validated with the measurements taken in several test of a real 28kW Capstone microturbine.
Colin F. Mcdonald - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Recuperator considerations for future higher efficiency Microturbines
Applied Thermal Engineering, 2003Co-Authors: Colin F. McdonaldAbstract:First-generation Microturbines are based on the use of existing materials and proven technology, and with low levels of compressor pressure ratio and modest turbine inlet temperatures, have thermal efficiencies approaching 30% for turbogenerators rated up to 100 kW. For such small machines the goal of advancing beyond this level of performance is unlikely to include more complex thermodynamic cycles, but rather will be realised with higher turbine inlet temperatures. Advancing engine performance in this manner has a significant impact on recuperator technology and cost. In the compact heat exchanger field very efficient heat transfer surface geometries have been developed over the last few decades but further improvements perhaps using CFD methods will likely be only incremental. Automated fabrication processes for the manufacture of microturbine recuperators are in place, and on-going developments to facilitate efficient higher temperature operation are primarily focused in the materials area. Based on the assumptions made in this paper it is postulated that in the 100 kW size the maximum thermal efficiency attainable for an all-metallic engine is 35%. To achieve this the recuperator cannot be designed in an isolated manner, and must be addressed in an integrated approach as part of the overall power conversion system. In this regard, temperature limitations as they impact the recuperator and turbine are put into perspective. In this paper there is strong focus on recuperator material selection and cost, including a proposed bi-metallic approach to establish a cost-effective counterflow primary surface recuperator for higher temperature service. If indeed there is a long-term goal to achieve an efficiency of 40% for small Microturbines, it can only be projected based on the utilisation of ceramic hot end components. Alas, the high temperature component that has had the minimum development in recent years to realise this goal is the ceramic recuperator, and efforts to remedy this situation need to be undertaken in the near future.
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low cost compact primary surface recuperator concept for Microturbines
Applied Thermal Engineering, 2000Co-Authors: Colin F. McdonaldAbstract:Abstract By the year 2000, Microturbines in the 25–75 kW power range are projected to find acceptance in large quantities in the distributed power generation field, their major attributes include low emissions, multifuel capability, compact size, high reliability and low maintenance. For this type of small turbogenerator, an exhaust heat recovery recuperator is mandatory in order to realize a thermal efficiency of 30% or higher. The paramount requirements for the recuperator are low cost and high effectiveness. These characteristics must be accomplished with a heat exchanger that has good reliability, high performance potential, compact size, light weight, proven structural integrity, and adaptability to automated high volume production methods. In this paper, a recuperator concept is discussed that meets the demanding requirements for Microturbines. The proposed stamped and folded metal foil primary surface recuperator concept has as its genesis, a prototype heat exchanger module that was fabricated as part of an energy research program in Germany over two decades ago. This novel heat exchanger approach was clearly ahead of its time, and lacking an application in the late 1970s was, alas, not pursued and commercialized. Based on this earlier work, a further evolution of the basic concept is proposed, with emphasis placed on the following: (1) minimization of the number of parts, (2) use of a continuous fabrication process, (3) matrix overall shape and envelope flexibility (annular or platular geometry), (4) ease of turbogenerator/recuperator integration, and (5) a later embodiment of a bi-metallic approach, towards the goal of establishing a compact and cost-effective recuperator for the new class of very small gas turbines that are close to entering service. For a representative microturbine, an annular recuperator would have only five basic parts. The matrix cartridge would be essentially a plug-in component, analogous to an automobile oil filter element. In this paper, the important role that the recuperator has on turbogenerator performance is discussed, together with a summary of the early prototype heat exchanger development. The major requirements, features and cost goals for a compact primary surface recuperator for microturbine service, are also covered.
Armando Huicochea - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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thermodynamic analysis of a trigeneration system consisting of a micro gas turbine and a double effect absorption chiller
Applied Thermal Engineering, 2011Co-Authors: Armando Huicochea, Joan Carles Bruno, Wilfrido Rivera, Geydy Gutierrezurueta, Alberto CoronasAbstract:Abstract Combining heating and power systems represent an option to improve the efficiency of energy usage and to reduce thermal pollution toward environment. Microturbines generate electrical power and usable residual heat which can be partially used to activate a thermally driven chiller. The purpose of this paper is to analyze theoretically the thermodynamic performance of a trigeneration system formed by a microturbine and a double-effect water/LiBr absorption chiller. The heat data supplied to the generator of the double effect air conditioning system was acquired from experimental data of a 28 kW E microturbine, obtained at CREVER facilities. A thermodynamic simulator was developed at Centro de Investigacion en Energia in the Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico by using a MATLAB programming language. Mass and energy balances of the main components of the cooling system were obtained with water–lithium bromide solution as working fluid. The trigeneration system was evaluated at different operating conditions: ambient temperatures, generation temperatures and microturbine fuel mass flow rate. The results demonstrated that this system represents an attractive technological alternative to use the energy from the microturbine exhaust gases for electric power generation, cooling and heating produced simultaneously.
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Thermodynamic analysis of a trigeneration system consisting of a micro gas turbine and a double effect absorption chiller
Applied Thermal Engineering, 2011Co-Authors: Armando Huicochea, Geydy Guti??rrez-Urueta, Joan Carles Bruno, Wilfrido Rivera, Geydy Gutiérrez-urueta, Alberto CoronasAbstract:Combining heating and power systems represent an option to improve the efficiency of energy usage and to reduce thermal pollution toward environment. Microturbines generate electrical power and usable residual heat which can be partially used to activate a thermally driven chiller. The purpose of this paper is to analyze theoretically the thermodynamic performance of a trigeneration system formed by a microturbine and a double-effect water/LiBr absorption chiller. The heat data supplied to the generator of the double effect air conditioning system was acquired from experimental data of a 28 kWE microturbine, obtained at CREVER facilities. A thermodynamic simulator was developed at Centro de Investigaci??n en Energ??a in the Universidad Nacional Aut??noma de M??xico by using a MATLAB programming language. Mass and energy balances of the main components of the cooling system were obtained with water-lithium bromide solution as working fluid. The trigeneration system was evaluated at different operating conditions: ambient temperatures, generation temperatures and microturbine fuel mass flow rate. The results demonstrated that this system represents an attractive technological alternative to use the energy from the microturbine exhaust gases for electric power generation, cooling and heating produced simultaneously. ?? 2011 Elsevier Ltd.
Claire Soares - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Microturbine maintenance, availability, and life cycle usage
Microturbines, 2020Co-Authors: Claire SoaresAbstract:This chapter focuses on the maintenance, availability, and life cycle usage of Microturbines. Most manufacturers offer service contracts for maintenance. The combustor and associated hot section parts should be inspected periodically. Air and oil filters must be replaced periodically, and oil bearings should be inspected. Microturbines operating in environments with extremely dusty air require more frequent air-filter changes. A microturbine overhaul is needed every 20,000–40,000 hours, depending on manufacturer, fuel type, and operating environment. A typical overhaul consists of replacing the main shell with the compressor and turbine attached, general inspection, and, if necessary, replacing the combustor. During overhaul, other components are examined to determine whether wear has occurred, with replacements made as required. The equipment life of Microturbines is estimated to be 10 years; this includes at least one major overhaul in that time frame. Costs of these overhauls are included in the non-fuel related maintenance item estimates for calculating costs per fired hour. The economic life of microturbine systems is typically assumed to be 10 years.
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Microturbine installation and commissioning
Microturbines, 2020Co-Authors: Claire SoaresAbstract:This chapter deals with the installation and commissioning of Microturbines. Installation and commissioning procedures are always specific to the make and model of microturbine in question. The installation and commissioning personnel are generally either original equipment manufacturer (OEM) personnel or the end user's staff who have been trained and certified by the OEM. The installation and commissioning process for Microturbines consist of several tasks that include—the OEM-provided training in all facets of the equipment in question, training in model-specific and general safety procedures and hazards, and study of all the equipment-specific components, specifications, controls, safety systems, on-off switches, and electronics. Good installation planning is the key to proper site selection. Inadequate site planning may lead to future problems or potentially adverse operating characteristics for the microturbine.
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Microturbine application and performance
Microturbines, 2020Co-Authors: Claire SoaresAbstract:This chapter focuses on the application and performance of Microturbines. Microturbines are well suited for a variety of distributed generation applications due to their flexibility in connection methods, ability to be arranged in parallel to serve larger loads, ability to provide reliable power, and low emissions profile. Commercial/institutional buildings and light industrial facilities whose electrical loads and space heating, hot water, or other thermal needs occur at the same time are usually best suited for microturbine combined heat and power (CHP) applications. Primary applications for microturbine CHP in the commercial/institutional sectors are those building types with relatively high and coincident electric and hot water demand, such as colleges and universities, hospitals and nursing homes, and lodging buildings. Office buildings and certain warehousing and mercantile/service applications also may be economic applications for microturbine CHP systems because noise and emissions are often siting and permitting issues Primary CHP applications in the light industrial market include food processing, chemicals manufacturing, and plastics-forming plants with hot water or low-pressure steam demands. Heat-activated cooling, refrigeration, and desiccant technologies that are now being developed for use with engine-driven systems will broaden microturbine CHP applications by increasing the thermal energy loads in certain building types such as restaurants, supermarkets, offices, and refrigerated warehouses. Potential microturbine applications include premium and remote power, as well as grid support. The target customers for microturbine system applications are in light industrial facilities and in financial services, data processing, telecommunications, health care, lodging, retail, offices, schools, and other commercial or institutional buildings.
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Microturbine manufacturing and packaging
Microturbines, 2020Co-Authors: Claire SoaresAbstract:This chapter focuses on the manufacturing and packaging of Microturbines. For the manufacturing and packaging of a microturbine, the components come from several different suppliers and the “manufacturer” assembles them. The logic of economies of scale must precede any “total ownership of component manufacture” aspirations. Differing applications (for example direct desiccation, recuperation, and hybrid) dictate that packaging varies from project to project. Fuel selections—for example biodiesel, petrochemical waste, and biomass—may demand further customization. Additionally, the assembly-from components model gives the industry further potential variations on its basic component: the small gas turbine at the heart of the package. Market projections for Microturbines anticipate significant increases in production volume in the coming years. The demand for high-quality compliant foil air bearings is also expected to increase. Current production methods cannot economically provide the volume of air bearings required by the expanding mini- and microturbine market.
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Microturbine performance optimization and testing
Microturbines, 2020Co-Authors: Claire SoaresAbstract:This chapter describes state-of-the-art technology improvements that manufacturers, researchers, and government officials are pursuing that are expected to result in enhanced microturbine performance. The chapter suggests that most of them are also likely to pave the way for long-term improvements. Turbine inlet temperature is the main parameter that large gas turbine designers focus on in gas turbine technology advancement efforts. Increases in turbine inlet temperature rapidly increase the power output of the turbine, and, to a lesser extent, increase efficiency. With an increase in firing temperature, a corresponding increase in pressure ratio yields heightened benefits. Because Microturbines are just now entering the market, there has been inadequate time and market pull for an advanced technology component business to develop. Thus, the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) has begun an advanced materials program for Microturbines to develop ceramic turbines, combustors, recuperators, and associated high-temperature components.
