The Experts below are selected from a list of 243 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Kenji Takahashi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Evaluation of Deep Thermal Rehabilitation System Using Resonant Cavity Applicator During Knee Experiments
    2018 40th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC), 2018
    Co-Authors: Yasuhiro Shindo, Futoshi Ikuta, Yuya Iseki, K Kato, Y. Ichishima, R. Tokutake, Kenji Takahashi
    Abstract:

    This paper evaluates experiments on the knee using a new heating rehabilitation system. For effective thermal rehabilitation of osteoarthritis, it is necessary to heat the deep tissue inside the knee joint. Our new rehabilitation system is based on the re-entrant type resonant cavity applicator which was developed for deep hyperthermia treatment in our previous studies. Our experimental results using agar phantoms showed our heating system is able to heat the deep tissue inside the knee without physically contacting the surface skin. In this study, we developed a prototype applicator and experimented on a healthy human subject's knee under clinical conditions. To evaluate heating performance, we conducted heating experiments with our resonant cavity applicator and a conventional Microwave Diathermy system and compared the results. The experimental results of temperature increase distributions inside the human body were estimated by ultrasound imaging techniques. The estimated results from our knee experiments show that our heating system is able to heat knee tissue more deeply than Microwave Diathermy systems can and thus would be effective for deep thermal rehabilitation applications in clinics.

  • EMBC - Evaluation of Deep Thermal Rehabilitation System Using Resonant Cavity Applicator During Knee Experiments
    Conference proceedings : ... Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and, 2018
    Co-Authors: Yasuhiro Shindo, Kazuo Kato, Futoshi Ikuta, Yuya Iseki, Y. Ichishima, R. Tokutake, Kenji Takahashi
    Abstract:

    This paper evaluates experiments on the knee using a new heating rehabilitation system. For effective thermal rehabilitation of osteoarthritis, it is necessary to heat the deep tissue inside the knee joint. Our new rehabilitation system is based on the re-entrant type resonant cavity applicator which was developed for deep hyperthermia treatment in our previous studies. Our experimental results using agar phantoms showed our heating system is able to heat the deep tissue inside the knee without physically contacting the surface skin. In this study, we developed a prototype applicator and experimented on a healthy human subject’s knee under clinical conditions. To evaluate heating performance, we conducted heating experiments with our resonant cavity applicator and a conventional Microwave Diathermy system and compared the results. The experimental results of temperature increase distributions inside the human body were estimated by ultrasound imaging techniques. The estimated results from our knee experiments show that our heating system is able to heat knee tissue more deeply than Microwave Diathermy systems can and thus would be effective for deep thermal rehabilitation applications in clinics.

  • An evaluation of Microwave Diathermy systems using temperature increase distributions produced by ultrasound imaging techniques
    2017 IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium (IUS), 2017
    Co-Authors: Yasuhiro Shindo, Kenji Takahashi, Kazuo Kato, Futoshi Ikuta, Yuya Iseki
    Abstract:

    Thermotherapy is used to inhibit the progression of osteoarthritis (OA) by easing pain and stiffness. Effective thermotherapy occurs when heat can deeply penetrate the joint tissue, especially the cartilage and the joint cavity. Current Microwave Diathermy systems do not contact the skin; however, our previous research shows that resulting heat penetration depth is less than 20mm, which does not heat the deep tissue enough for effective treatment of OA. In this study, we developed a new method using ultrasound imaging techniques to calculate temperature increase distributions inside the human body. With this new method, we evaluated the heating performance of current Microwave Diathermy systems. Finally, we compared our experimental data with temperature increase distributions calculated using the finite element method (FEM).

  • An evaluation of Microwave Diathermy systems using temperature increase distributions produced by ultrasound imaging techniques
    2017 IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium (IUS), 2017
    Co-Authors: Yasuhiro Shindo, Kenji Takahashi, Futoshi Ikuta, Yuya Iseki, Kazuo Kato
    Abstract:

    Thermotherapy is used to inhibit the progress of osteoarthritis (OA) and to ease pain and stiffness. Effective thermotherapy occurs when heat can deeply penetrate the joint tissue, such as the cartilage and the joint cavity. The Microwave Diathermy system does not contact the patient's skin; however, our previous findings show that its heat penetration depth is less than 20mm, which is not enough to heat the deep tissue for effective treatment of OA. In this study, we developed a method using ultrasound (US) imaging techniques to calculate temperature increase distributions inside the human body. With this method, we evaluated the heating performance of current Microwave Diathermy systems. Finally, we compared our experimental data with computer-simulated temperature increase distributions using the finite element method (FEM).

  • a pilot study comparing the efficacy of radiofrequency and Microwave Diathermy in combination with intra articular injection of hyaluronic acid in knee osteoarthritis
    Journal of Physical Therapy Science, 2016
    Co-Authors: Kenji Takahashi, Yasuhiro Shindo, Sanshiro Hashimoto, Hiromasa Kurosaki, K Kato, Tokifumi Majima, Hiroshi Watanabe, Yusuke Mochizuki, Shinro Takai
    Abstract:

    [Purpose] This study aimed to compare the efficacy of radiofrequency Diathermy with that of Microwave Diathermy in combination with intra-articular injection of hyaluronic acid into the knee of patients with osteoarthritis (OA). [Subjects] A total of 17 patients with knee OA were enrolled. The participants were randomly divided into two groups: a radiofrequency Diathermy group (RF group, 9 subjects), and a Microwave Diathermy group (MW group, 8 subjects). [Methods] Subjects received radiofrequency or Microwave thermal therapy 3 times at 1-week intervals. Intra-articular injection of hyaluronic acid was administered 10 min before every thermal therapy session. The outcome was evaluated using the Japan Orthopaedic Association (JOA) and the Lequesne Index (LI) at baseline, at weeks 1 (1 week after the first thermal therapy) and 3 (1 week after the last thermal therapy). [Results] The JOA scale increased significantly after three sessions of thermal therapy in the RF group, while no significant increase was observed in the MW group. LI decreased significantly after 3 weeks in the RF group. In the MW group, there was no significant difference in LI between the two time points. [Conclusion] This study revealed that symptom relief in patients with knee OA was greater with radiofrequency Diathermy than with Microwave Diathermy with concurrent use of hyaluronic acid injection, presumably due to the different heating characteristics of the two methods.

Yasuhiro Shindo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Evaluation of Deep Thermal Rehabilitation System Using Resonant Cavity Applicator During Knee Experiments
    2018 40th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC), 2018
    Co-Authors: Yasuhiro Shindo, Futoshi Ikuta, Yuya Iseki, K Kato, Y. Ichishima, R. Tokutake, Kenji Takahashi
    Abstract:

    This paper evaluates experiments on the knee using a new heating rehabilitation system. For effective thermal rehabilitation of osteoarthritis, it is necessary to heat the deep tissue inside the knee joint. Our new rehabilitation system is based on the re-entrant type resonant cavity applicator which was developed for deep hyperthermia treatment in our previous studies. Our experimental results using agar phantoms showed our heating system is able to heat the deep tissue inside the knee without physically contacting the surface skin. In this study, we developed a prototype applicator and experimented on a healthy human subject's knee under clinical conditions. To evaluate heating performance, we conducted heating experiments with our resonant cavity applicator and a conventional Microwave Diathermy system and compared the results. The experimental results of temperature increase distributions inside the human body were estimated by ultrasound imaging techniques. The estimated results from our knee experiments show that our heating system is able to heat knee tissue more deeply than Microwave Diathermy systems can and thus would be effective for deep thermal rehabilitation applications in clinics.

  • EMBC - Evaluation of Deep Thermal Rehabilitation System Using Resonant Cavity Applicator During Knee Experiments
    Conference proceedings : ... Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and, 2018
    Co-Authors: Yasuhiro Shindo, Kazuo Kato, Futoshi Ikuta, Yuya Iseki, Y. Ichishima, R. Tokutake, Kenji Takahashi
    Abstract:

    This paper evaluates experiments on the knee using a new heating rehabilitation system. For effective thermal rehabilitation of osteoarthritis, it is necessary to heat the deep tissue inside the knee joint. Our new rehabilitation system is based on the re-entrant type resonant cavity applicator which was developed for deep hyperthermia treatment in our previous studies. Our experimental results using agar phantoms showed our heating system is able to heat the deep tissue inside the knee without physically contacting the surface skin. In this study, we developed a prototype applicator and experimented on a healthy human subject’s knee under clinical conditions. To evaluate heating performance, we conducted heating experiments with our resonant cavity applicator and a conventional Microwave Diathermy system and compared the results. The experimental results of temperature increase distributions inside the human body were estimated by ultrasound imaging techniques. The estimated results from our knee experiments show that our heating system is able to heat knee tissue more deeply than Microwave Diathermy systems can and thus would be effective for deep thermal rehabilitation applications in clinics.

  • An evaluation of Microwave Diathermy systems using temperature increase distributions produced by ultrasound imaging techniques
    2017 IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium (IUS), 2017
    Co-Authors: Yasuhiro Shindo, Kenji Takahashi, Kazuo Kato, Futoshi Ikuta, Yuya Iseki
    Abstract:

    Thermotherapy is used to inhibit the progression of osteoarthritis (OA) by easing pain and stiffness. Effective thermotherapy occurs when heat can deeply penetrate the joint tissue, especially the cartilage and the joint cavity. Current Microwave Diathermy systems do not contact the skin; however, our previous research shows that resulting heat penetration depth is less than 20mm, which does not heat the deep tissue enough for effective treatment of OA. In this study, we developed a new method using ultrasound imaging techniques to calculate temperature increase distributions inside the human body. With this new method, we evaluated the heating performance of current Microwave Diathermy systems. Finally, we compared our experimental data with temperature increase distributions calculated using the finite element method (FEM).

  • An evaluation of Microwave Diathermy systems using temperature increase distributions produced by ultrasound imaging techniques
    2017 IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium (IUS), 2017
    Co-Authors: Yasuhiro Shindo, Kenji Takahashi, Futoshi Ikuta, Yuya Iseki, Kazuo Kato
    Abstract:

    Thermotherapy is used to inhibit the progress of osteoarthritis (OA) and to ease pain and stiffness. Effective thermotherapy occurs when heat can deeply penetrate the joint tissue, such as the cartilage and the joint cavity. The Microwave Diathermy system does not contact the patient's skin; however, our previous findings show that its heat penetration depth is less than 20mm, which is not enough to heat the deep tissue for effective treatment of OA. In this study, we developed a method using ultrasound (US) imaging techniques to calculate temperature increase distributions inside the human body. With this method, we evaluated the heating performance of current Microwave Diathermy systems. Finally, we compared our experimental data with computer-simulated temperature increase distributions using the finite element method (FEM).

  • a pilot study comparing the efficacy of radiofrequency and Microwave Diathermy in combination with intra articular injection of hyaluronic acid in knee osteoarthritis
    Journal of Physical Therapy Science, 2016
    Co-Authors: Kenji Takahashi, Yasuhiro Shindo, Sanshiro Hashimoto, Hiromasa Kurosaki, K Kato, Tokifumi Majima, Hiroshi Watanabe, Yusuke Mochizuki, Shinro Takai
    Abstract:

    [Purpose] This study aimed to compare the efficacy of radiofrequency Diathermy with that of Microwave Diathermy in combination with intra-articular injection of hyaluronic acid into the knee of patients with osteoarthritis (OA). [Subjects] A total of 17 patients with knee OA were enrolled. The participants were randomly divided into two groups: a radiofrequency Diathermy group (RF group, 9 subjects), and a Microwave Diathermy group (MW group, 8 subjects). [Methods] Subjects received radiofrequency or Microwave thermal therapy 3 times at 1-week intervals. Intra-articular injection of hyaluronic acid was administered 10 min before every thermal therapy session. The outcome was evaluated using the Japan Orthopaedic Association (JOA) and the Lequesne Index (LI) at baseline, at weeks 1 (1 week after the first thermal therapy) and 3 (1 week after the last thermal therapy). [Results] The JOA scale increased significantly after three sessions of thermal therapy in the RF group, while no significant increase was observed in the MW group. LI decreased significantly after 3 weeks in the RF group. In the MW group, there was no significant difference in LI between the two time points. [Conclusion] This study revealed that symptom relief in patients with knee OA was greater with radiofrequency Diathermy than with Microwave Diathermy with concurrent use of hyaluronic acid injection, presumably due to the different heating characteristics of the two methods.

George Georgoudis - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • The effect of physiotherapy and acupuncture on psychocognitive, somatic, quality of life, and disability characteristics in TTH patients.
    Journal of Pain Research, 2018
    Co-Authors: George Georgoudis, Blendjana Felah, Panteils T Nikolaidis, Maria Papandreou, Evanthia Mitsiokappa, Andreas F. Mavrogenis, Thomas Rosemann, Beat Knechtle
    Abstract:

    Introduction: Nonpharmacological therapies have been widely used to treat tension-type headache (TTH); however, limited evidence exists with regards to their effectiveness. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to examine the combined effect of acupuncture, stretching, and physiotherapy (myofascial release techniques and Microwave Diathermy) on psychocognitive, somatic, quality of life, and disability characteristics in such patients. Subjects and methods: Patients with TTH (n=44) performed either acupuncture or stretching (control group, n=20) or acupuncture, stretching, and physiotherapy (experimental group, n=24) during a 4-week intervention period including 10 treatment sessions. They were tested for the Greek version of the Short-Form McGill Pain Questionnaire, the Greek version of the Migraine Disability Assessment Questionnaire, the Greek version of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Short Form Health Survey 12 9 (SF-12), and Pain Catastrophizing Scale at baseline after the fifth and tenth sessions. Results: All measures were improved throughout the first to tenth session (P 0.05). Conclusion: In summary, a significant beneficial role of acupuncture, stretching, and physiotherapy on cognitive, psychosomatic pain measures, disability index, quality of life, and catastrophizing in patients with TTH was observed.

  • the effect of myofascial release and Microwave Diathermy combined with acupuncture versus acupuncture therapy in tension type headache patients a pragmatic randomized controlled trial
    Physiotherapy Research International, 2018
    Co-Authors: George Georgoudis, Bledjana Felah, Pantelis T Nikolaidis, D Damigos
    Abstract:

    BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Nonpharmacological therapies for tension-type headache (TTH) and cervicogenic cephalalgia are often a treatment choice, despite the weak to moderate evidence. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of an acupuncture/stretching protocol versus acupuncture/stretching plus physiotherapy techniques, in patients with TTH cephalalgia. METHODS: A single-blind, prospective, multicentre, randomized controlled trial was designed considering the pragmatic situation of administering such protocols and treating the 44 headache patients participating in this study. The patients were randomly assigned in 2 treatment groups (control group, n = 20, acupuncture/stretching; experimental group, n = 24, acupuncture/stretching plus physiotherapy) and completed 10 treatment sessions within 4 weeks with measurements taking place before treatment, after the fifth treatment and after the 10th treatment. The mechanical pressure pain threshold (PPT) was considered as the main outcome measure, using a mechanical algometer to measure 7 bilateral somatic points. Acupuncture in both groups included 17-20 acupuncture points, whereas stretching was initially taught and subsequently self-administered (self-stretches), following a standardized set of movements of the cervical spine. Physiotherapy consisted of Microwave Diathermy and myofascial release with hands-on techniques. RESULTS/FINDINGS: An improvement was noted in both groups/treatments regarding the main outcome measure PPT, all the way from the first to fifth and the 10th treatment, at all measuring sites and at all measurements in both groups (p < .001). When comparing the 2 groups, differences were noted after the 10th treatment (p < .05). DISCUSSION: In conclusion, patients with TTH headache were benefited from acupuncture and stretching but further PPT improvements were evidenced when physiotherapy hands-on techniques were added. In clinical terms, the combination of physiotherapy in the form of myofascial release and Microwave Diathermy with acupuncture and stretching in order to improve the analgesic effect (PPT) is strongly recommended.

  • The effect of myofascial release and Microwave Diathermy combined with acupuncture versus acupuncture therapy in tension-type headache patients: A pragmatic randomized controlled trial.
    Physiotherapy Research International, 2017
    Co-Authors: George Georgoudis, Bledjana Felah, Pantelis T Nikolaidis, D Damigos
    Abstract:

    BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Nonpharmacological therapies for tension-type headache (TTH) and cervicogenic cephalalgia are often a treatment choice, despite the weak to moderate evidence. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of an acupuncture/stretching protocol versus acupuncture/stretching plus physiotherapy techniques, in patients with TTH cephalalgia. METHODS: A single-blind, prospective, multicentre, randomized controlled trial was designed considering the pragmatic situation of administering such protocols and treating the 44 headache patients participating in this study. The patients were randomly assigned in 2 treatment groups (control group, n = 20, acupuncture/stretching; experimental group, n = 24, acupuncture/stretching plus physiotherapy) and completed 10 treatment sessions within 4 weeks with measurements taking place before treatment, after the fifth treatment and after the 10th treatment. The mechanical pressure pain threshold (PPT) was considered as the main outcome measure, using a mechanical algometer to measure 7 bilateral somatic points. Acupuncture in both groups included 17-20 acupuncture points, whereas stretching was initially taught and subsequently self-administered (self-stretches), following a standardized set of movements of the cervical spine. Physiotherapy consisted of Microwave Diathermy and myofascial release with hands-on techniques. RESULTS/FINDINGS: An improvement was noted in both groups/treatments regarding the main outcome measure PPT, all the way from the first to fifth and the 10th treatment, at all measuring sites and at all measurements in both groups (p 

D Damigos - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • the effect of myofascial release and Microwave Diathermy combined with acupuncture versus acupuncture therapy in tension type headache patients a pragmatic randomized controlled trial
    Physiotherapy Research International, 2018
    Co-Authors: George Georgoudis, Bledjana Felah, Pantelis T Nikolaidis, D Damigos
    Abstract:

    BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Nonpharmacological therapies for tension-type headache (TTH) and cervicogenic cephalalgia are often a treatment choice, despite the weak to moderate evidence. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of an acupuncture/stretching protocol versus acupuncture/stretching plus physiotherapy techniques, in patients with TTH cephalalgia. METHODS: A single-blind, prospective, multicentre, randomized controlled trial was designed considering the pragmatic situation of administering such protocols and treating the 44 headache patients participating in this study. The patients were randomly assigned in 2 treatment groups (control group, n = 20, acupuncture/stretching; experimental group, n = 24, acupuncture/stretching plus physiotherapy) and completed 10 treatment sessions within 4 weeks with measurements taking place before treatment, after the fifth treatment and after the 10th treatment. The mechanical pressure pain threshold (PPT) was considered as the main outcome measure, using a mechanical algometer to measure 7 bilateral somatic points. Acupuncture in both groups included 17-20 acupuncture points, whereas stretching was initially taught and subsequently self-administered (self-stretches), following a standardized set of movements of the cervical spine. Physiotherapy consisted of Microwave Diathermy and myofascial release with hands-on techniques. RESULTS/FINDINGS: An improvement was noted in both groups/treatments regarding the main outcome measure PPT, all the way from the first to fifth and the 10th treatment, at all measuring sites and at all measurements in both groups (p < .001). When comparing the 2 groups, differences were noted after the 10th treatment (p < .05). DISCUSSION: In conclusion, patients with TTH headache were benefited from acupuncture and stretching but further PPT improvements were evidenced when physiotherapy hands-on techniques were added. In clinical terms, the combination of physiotherapy in the form of myofascial release and Microwave Diathermy with acupuncture and stretching in order to improve the analgesic effect (PPT) is strongly recommended.

  • The effect of myofascial release and Microwave Diathermy combined with acupuncture versus acupuncture therapy in tension-type headache patients: A pragmatic randomized controlled trial.
    Physiotherapy Research International, 2017
    Co-Authors: George Georgoudis, Bledjana Felah, Pantelis T Nikolaidis, D Damigos
    Abstract:

    BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Nonpharmacological therapies for tension-type headache (TTH) and cervicogenic cephalalgia are often a treatment choice, despite the weak to moderate evidence. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of an acupuncture/stretching protocol versus acupuncture/stretching plus physiotherapy techniques, in patients with TTH cephalalgia. METHODS: A single-blind, prospective, multicentre, randomized controlled trial was designed considering the pragmatic situation of administering such protocols and treating the 44 headache patients participating in this study. The patients were randomly assigned in 2 treatment groups (control group, n = 20, acupuncture/stretching; experimental group, n = 24, acupuncture/stretching plus physiotherapy) and completed 10 treatment sessions within 4 weeks with measurements taking place before treatment, after the fifth treatment and after the 10th treatment. The mechanical pressure pain threshold (PPT) was considered as the main outcome measure, using a mechanical algometer to measure 7 bilateral somatic points. Acupuncture in both groups included 17-20 acupuncture points, whereas stretching was initially taught and subsequently self-administered (self-stretches), following a standardized set of movements of the cervical spine. Physiotherapy consisted of Microwave Diathermy and myofascial release with hands-on techniques. RESULTS/FINDINGS: An improvement was noted in both groups/treatments regarding the main outcome measure PPT, all the way from the first to fifth and the 10th treatment, at all measuring sites and at all measurements in both groups (p 

Nicola Maffulli - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • calcific tendinopathy of the rotator cuff conservative management with 434 mhz local Microwave Diathermy hyperthermia a case study
    Disability and Rehabilitation, 2008
    Co-Authors: Annalisa Di Cesare, Arrigo Giombini, Stefano Dragoni, Luciano Agnello, Maurizio Ripani, Vincenzo Maria Saraceni, Nicola Maffulli
    Abstract:

    Purpose. To report the effects of local Microwave Diathermy (hyperthermia) at 434 Mhz on calcific tendinopathy of the shoulder in two middle aged patients.Methods. Two middle-aged women with calcific tendinopathy of the shoulder were treated with local Microwave Diathermy (hyperthermia) at 434 Mhz three times a week for four weeks. Plain radiographs and ultrasonography demonstrated calcific deposits in the area of infraspinatus or supraspinatus. Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI) and passive Range of Motion (ROM) were used to assess the response to treatment.Results. At the end of the treatment period, the improvement as measured by the SPADI score was respectively 30% for the first patient and 40% for the second patient with an improvement of the shoulder passive ROM for both patients. The calcific deposits seen on the initial radiographs and ultrasonography were no longer visible. At 1 year follow-up, both patients continued to be symptom free.Conclusions. Hyperthermia is a safe option in the ma...

  • hyperthermia induced by Microwave Diathermy in the management of muscle and tendon injuries
    British Medical Bulletin, 2007
    Co-Authors: A Giombini, Valentina Giovannini, A Di Cesare, P Pacetti, Noriko Ichinosekisekine, Minoru Shiraishi, Hisashi Naito, Nicola Maffulli
    Abstract:

    Introduction: Hyperthermia induced by Microwave Diathermy raises the temperature of deep tissues from 418 Ct o 458C using electromagnetic power. Microwave Diathermy is used in the management of superficial tumours with conventional radiotherapy and chemotherapy and, recently, its use has been successfully extended to physical medicine and sports traumatology in Central and Southern Europe. Methods: We searched the literature for relevant studies. Most of the published studies in these fields have used 434 and 915 Microwave Diathermy, as these wavelengths are most effective. Results: Hyperthermia induced by Microwave Diathermy into tissue can stimulate repair processes, increase drug activity, allow more efficient relief from pain, help in the removal of toxic wastes, increase tendon extensibility and reduce muscle and joint stiffness. Moreover, hyperthermia induces hyperaemia, improves local tissue drainage, increases metabolic rate and induces alterations in the cell membrane. Conclusions: The biological mechanism that regulates the relationship between the thermal dose and the healing process of soft tissues with low or high water content or with low or high blood perfusion is still under study. Microwave Diathermy treatment at 434 and 915 MHz can be effective in the short-term management of musculo-skeletal injuries.