The Experts below are selected from a list of 11325 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Jette Daugaard-jensen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Dental Traumatology: an orphan in pediatric dentistry?
Pediatric dentistry, 2009Co-Authors: Jens Ove Andreasen, Eva Lauridsen, Jette Daugaard-jensenAbstract:Traumatic dental injuries are very frequent during childhood and adolescence. In fact, 2 out of 3 children have suffered a traumatic dental injury before adulthood. This fact links dental Traumatology to pediatric dentistry. Unfortunately, this is not reflected by active participation by pediatric dentists in acute treatment, follow-up, and research. To examine the status of pediatric dentistry in relation to dental trauma, a publication analysis was undertaken in 1980, 1990, 2000, and 2007 about trauma articles published in 4 pediatric journals: journal of Dentistry for Children, Pediatric Dentistry, The journal of Pedodontics, and the International journal of Pediatric Dentistry. This study shows an average publication rate of trauma articles of approximately 3 percent of all articles published and with no improvement in later decennia. If only clinical studies are considered (leaving out case reports), the publication rate is less than 1 percent--completely out of proportion to the size of the problem dental trauma impose in children.
Neal D Ryan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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developmental Traumatology part ii brain development
Biological Psychiatry, 1999Co-Authors: Michael D De Bellis, Matcheri S Keshavan, Duncan B Clark, B J Casey, Jay N Giedd, Amy M Boring, Karin Frustaci, Neal D RyanAbstract:Abstract Background: Previous investigations suggest that maltreated children with a diagnosis of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) evidence alterations of biological stress systems. Increased levels of catecholaminergic neurotransmitters and steroid hormones during traumatic experiences in childhood could conceivably adversely affect brain development. Methods: In this study, 44 maltreated children and adolescents with PTSD and 61 matched controls underwent comprehensive psychiatric and neuropsychological assessments and an anatomical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brain scan. Results: PTSD subjects had smaller intracranial and cerebral volumes than matched controls. The total midsagittal area of corpus callosum and middle and posterior regions remained smaller; while right, left, and total lateral ventricles were proportionally larger than controls, after adjustment for intracranial volume. Brain volume robustly and positively correlated with age of onset of PTSD trauma and negatively correlated with duration of abuse. Symptoms of intrusive thoughts, avoidance, hyperarousal or dissociation correlated positively with ventricular volume, and negatively with brain volume and total corpus callosum and regional measures. Significant gender by diagnosis effect revealed greater corpus callosum area reduction in maltreated males with PTSD and a trend for greater cerebral volume reduction than maltreated females with PTSD. The predicted decrease in hippocampal volume seen in adult PTSD was not seen in these subjects. Conclusions: These data suggest that the overwhelming stress of maltreatment experiences in childhood is associated with adverse brain development.
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developmental Traumatology part i biological stress systems
Biological Psychiatry, 1999Co-Authors: Michael D De Bellis, Matcheri S Keshavan, Amy M Boring, Andrew Baum, Boris Birmaher, Clayton H Eccard, Frank J Jenkins, Neal D RyanAbstract:Abstract Background: This investigation examined the relationship between trauma, psychiatric symptoms and urinary free cortisol (UFC) and catecholamine (epinephrine [EPI], norepinephrine [NE], dopamine [DA]) excretion in prepubertal children with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) secondary to past child maltreatment experiences (n = 18), compared to non-traumatized children with overanxious disorder (OAD) (n = 10) and healthy controls (n = 24). Methods: Subjects underwent comprehensive psychiatric and clinical assessments and 24 hour urine collection for measurements of UFC and urinary catecholamine excretion. Biological and clinical measures were compared using analyses of variance. Results: Maltreated subjects with PTSD excreted significantly greater concentrations of urinary DA and NE over 24 hours than OAD and control subjects and greater concentrations of 24 hour UFC than control subjects. Post hoc analysis revealed that maltreated subjects with PTSD excreted significantly greater concentrations of urinary EPI than OAD subjects. Childhood PTSD was associated with greater co-morbid psychopathology including depressive and dissociative symptoms, lower global assessment of functioning, and increased incidents of lifetime suicidal ideation and attempts. Urinary catecholamine and UFC concentrations showed positive correlations with duration of the PTSD trauma and severity of PTSD symptoms. Conclusions: These data suggest that maltreatment experiences are associated with alterations of biological stress systems in maltreated children with PTSD. An improved psychobiological understanding of trauma in childhood may eventually lead to better treatments of childhood PTSD.
Richard J. Mcnally - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Posttraumatic stress disorder as a growth industry: Comment on Asmundson and Asmundson (2018)
Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 2018Co-Authors: Richard J. McnallyAbstract:Abstract Asmundson and Asmundson’s (2018) bibliometric study demonstrates that the anxiety disorders remain a major focus of clinical research. Yet striking differences emerged among these syndromes. For example, in contrast to panic disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder has increasingly flourished as a major focus of publications. The purpose of my commentary is to discuss the basis for the remarkable success of Traumatology relative to other areas (e.g., panic disorder research).
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troubles in Traumatology
The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 2005Co-Authors: Richard J. McnallyAbstract:(Can J Psychiatry 2005;50:815-816) No area within psychiatry has expanded as much as Traumatology-the study of the causes and treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Despite its phenomenal growth, Traumatology has been wracked with controversy (1,2). From the beginning, critics of the PTSD diagnosis wondered whether its advocates had discovered a disease entity in nature or whether they had cobbled together a cluster of symptoms shared with other syndromes and then traced its etiology to the unpopular war in Vietnam (3). Was PTSD discovered by clinical scientists or created by them? Several years later, the National Vietnam Veterans Readjustment (NVVRS) study reported that 30.9% of all men who had served in that war-cooks and clerks as well as infantrymenhad developed PTSD and that another 22.5% had developed partial, subclinical PTSD (4, p 63). That over one-half of all who served developed at least the subclinical form of the dis ease should have been surprising, especially because only 15% of those who served in Vietnam were in combat units (5, I 209). The NVVRS suggested a hidden epidemic of untreated PTSD among Vietnam veterans, and funds poured into Department of Veterans Affairs (DVA) hospitals to cope with the problem. However, few seemed to notice that the NVVRS reported that twice as many men developed PTSD as were assigned to combat units. The mystery behind the discrepancy in numbers of those with the disease and of those in combat remains unsolved today. Meanwhile, beginning in the 1980s, the notion that many adults harboured repressed (or dissociated) memories of their childhood sexual abuse (CSA) began to spread. Although architects of the PTSD diagnosis emphasized that traumatic events were remembered all too well, other traumatologists argued that the mind can protect itself by banishing horrific memories from awareness. Therapists began interpreting diverse symptoms as signs of inaccessible memories of trauma and began to use hypnosis and other methods to unlock and detoxify the supposed dissociated memories that were silently poisoning the mental health of victims. The movement to help survivors recall these allegedly repressed memories resulted in the worst catastrophe to befall the mental health field since the lobotomy era. Therapy designed to recovered alleged repressed memories of trauma was based on misunderstandings of how memory works. The 2 articles in this issue were written to help counteract these misunderstandings. The first covers a multitude of errors that continue to plague the literature on trauma (6). Clinical theorists endorsing the concept of traumatic dissociative amnesia often misunderstand the very studies they cite in support of this alleged phenomenon. They often misinterpret diverse memory impairments as if they indicated an inability to remember the trauma itself. The second article reviews evidence that people can come to believe they experienced emotionally intense events that never happened (7). It refutes the claims that people can only develop false memories of trivial events devoid of emotional significance and that memories of trauma are invariably accurate. This article is cowritten by Elizabeth F Loftus, one of the great figures in the history of psychology-a recent empirical study ranked her 58th in a list of the 99 most eminent psychologists of the 20th century (8). Like a tsunami that has yet to strike shore, the impact of the most serious controversy in Traumatology has yet to be felt. It concerns the validity of self-reported trauma exposure in American war veterans receiving service-connected disability payments for PTSD. Burkett and Whitley's award-winning book Stolen Valor: How the Vietnam Generation Was Robbed of its Heroes and its History (9) alerted the field to the possibility that many individuals diagnosed with PTSD may never have been exposed to trauma in the first place. Mainstream traumatologists, however, have either ignored Stolen Valor or privately maligned the authors ' motives without substantively rebutting Burkett and Whitley's critique of the field. …
Christian Diegritz - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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3d printed model for hands on training in dental Traumatology
International Endodontic Journal, 2018Co-Authors: Marcel Reymus, Christina Fotiadou, Reinhard Hickel, Christian DiegritzAbstract:Aim To assess the feasibility of creating a realistic model for hands-on training in dental Traumatology using 3D printing technology, and then to investigate the added value of working with the website dentaltraumaguide.org. Methodology With the use of special software applications, a model was designed based on the CBCT of the maxilla of a real patient that imitated several traumatic dental injuries. The model was reproduced using a stereolithographic printer to use the specimens in a hands-on training course on dental Traumatology for undergraduate students in their final year in the Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology in Munich, Germany. During the course, half of the participants had access to dentaltraumaguide.org, whereas the others did not. The students were then assessed according to their theoretical knowledge and practical performance in simulated treatment. These data were analysed by Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, unpaired t-test and Mann-Whitney U test. Subsequently, the participants were asked to evaluate the model. Results The workflow for manufacturing a model of dental Traumatology for training purposes was practical and relatively inexpensive. In the evaluation process, the model was considered to be highly realistic and useful during an instructive hands-on training course. There were significant differences between the two groups in favour of using the dentaltraumaguide.org website. Conclusions 3D printing technology offers new possibilities for training specific dental treatments that are currently difficult to imitate. The online platform dentaltraumaguide.org assisted students in correctly managing traumatic dental injuries.
Jens Ove Andreasen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Dental Traumatology: an orphan in pediatric dentistry?
Pediatric dentistry, 2009Co-Authors: Jens Ove Andreasen, Eva Lauridsen, Jette Daugaard-jensenAbstract:Traumatic dental injuries are very frequent during childhood and adolescence. In fact, 2 out of 3 children have suffered a traumatic dental injury before adulthood. This fact links dental Traumatology to pediatric dentistry. Unfortunately, this is not reflected by active participation by pediatric dentists in acute treatment, follow-up, and research. To examine the status of pediatric dentistry in relation to dental trauma, a publication analysis was undertaken in 1980, 1990, 2000, and 2007 about trauma articles published in 4 pediatric journals: journal of Dentistry for Children, Pediatric Dentistry, The journal of Pedodontics, and the International journal of Pediatric Dentistry. This study shows an average publication rate of trauma articles of approximately 3 percent of all articles published and with no improvement in later decennia. If only clinical studies are considered (leaving out case reports), the publication rate is less than 1 percent--completely out of proportion to the size of the problem dental trauma impose in children.
