The Experts below are selected from a list of 48 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Wayne C. Hodgson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The Bold and the Beautiful: a Neurotoxicity Comparison of New World Coral Snakes in the Micruroides and Micrurus Genera and Relative Neutralization by Antivenom
Neurotoxicity Research, 2017Co-Authors: Daryl C. Yang, James Dobson, Chip Cochran, Daniel Dashevsky, Kevin Arbuckle, Melisa Benard, Leslie Boyer, Alejandro Alagón, Iwan Hendrikx, Wayne C. HodgsonAbstract:Coral snake envenomations are well characterized to be lethally neurotoxic. Despite this, few multispecies, neurotoxicity and antivenom efficacy comparisons have been undertaken and only for the Micrurus genus; Micruroides has remained entirely uninvestigated. As the USA’s supplier of antivenom has currently stopped production, alternative sources need to be explored. The Mexican manufacturer Bioclon uses species genetically related to USA species, thus we investigated the efficacy against Micrurus fulvius (eastern coral snake), the main species responsible for lethal envenomations in the USA as well as additional species from the Americas. The use of Coralmyn® coral snake antivenom was effective in neutralizing the neurotoxic effects exhibited by the venom of M. fulvius but was ineffective against the venoms of Micrurus tener , Micrurus spixii , Micrurus pyrrhocryptus , and Micruroides euryxanthus . Our results suggest that the Mexican antivenom may be clinically useful for the treatment of M. fulvius in the USA but may be of only limited efficacy against the other species studied.
Aaron Gomez - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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maintaining coral snakes micrurus nigrocinctus serpentes elapidae for venom production on an alternative fish based diet
Toxicon, 2012Co-Authors: Danilo Chacon, S Rodriguez, Jazmin Arias, Gabriela Solano, Fabian Bonilla, Aaron GomezAbstract:Abstract American Elapid snakes (Coral Snakes) comprise the genera Leptomicrurus , Micruroides and Micrurus, which form a vast taxonomic assembly of 330 species distributed from the South of United States to the southern region of South America. In order to obtain venom for animal immunizations aimed at antivenom production, Coral Snakes must be kept in captivity and submitted periodically to venom extraction procedures. Thus, to maintain a snake colony in good health for this purpose, a complete alternative diet utilizing an easily obtained prey animal is desirable. The development of a diet based on fish is compared to the wild diet based on colubrid snakes, and assessed in terms of gain in body weight rate (g/week), longevity (weeks), venom yield (mg/individual), venom median lethal dose (LD 50 ) and venom chromatographic profiles. The animals fed with the fish-based diet gained more weight, lived longer, and produced similar amount of venom whose biological and biochemical characteristics were similar to those of venom collected from specimens fed with the wild diet. This fish-based diet appears to be suitable (and preferable to the wild diet) to supply the nutritional requirements of a Micrurus nigrocinctus snake collection for the production of antivenom.
Daryl C. Yang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The Bold and the Beautiful: a Neurotoxicity Comparison of New World Coral Snakes in the Micruroides and Micrurus Genera and Relative Neutralization by Antivenom
Neurotoxicity Research, 2017Co-Authors: Daryl C. Yang, James Dobson, Chip Cochran, Daniel Dashevsky, Kevin Arbuckle, Melisa Benard, Leslie Boyer, Alejandro Alagón, Iwan Hendrikx, Wayne C. HodgsonAbstract:Coral snake envenomations are well characterized to be lethally neurotoxic. Despite this, few multispecies, neurotoxicity and antivenom efficacy comparisons have been undertaken and only for the Micrurus genus; Micruroides has remained entirely uninvestigated. As the USA’s supplier of antivenom has currently stopped production, alternative sources need to be explored. The Mexican manufacturer Bioclon uses species genetically related to USA species, thus we investigated the efficacy against Micrurus fulvius (eastern coral snake), the main species responsible for lethal envenomations in the USA as well as additional species from the Americas. The use of Coralmyn® coral snake antivenom was effective in neutralizing the neurotoxic effects exhibited by the venom of M. fulvius but was ineffective against the venoms of Micrurus tener , Micrurus spixii , Micrurus pyrrhocryptus , and Micruroides euryxanthus . Our results suggest that the Mexican antivenom may be clinically useful for the treatment of M. fulvius in the USA but may be of only limited efficacy against the other species studied.
Joseph B. Slowinski - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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A Phylogenetic Analysis of the New World Coral Snakes (Elapidae: Leptomicrurus, Micruroides, and Micrurus) Based on Allozymic and Morphological Characters
Journal of Herpetology, 1995Co-Authors: Joseph B. SlowinskiAbstract:The phylogenetic relationships of 18 species of New World coral snakes (Elapidae: Leptomi- crurus, Micruroides, and Micrurus) were examined with morphological and allozymic characters analyzed by parsimony. Two species of kraits (Elapidae: Bungarus) were included as outgroups. Coral snake mor- phology was found to be very conservative and few informative morphological characters were found. The general relationships of all coral snakes are discussed in light of the morphological synapomorphies identified in this study. The results indicate that Micrurus is paraphyletic because of the exclusion of Leptomicrurus. This is rectified by placing Leptomicrurus into the synonymy of Micrurus. The New World coral snakes are a large group of small to moderate-sized, dangerously ven- omous snakes in the family Elapidae. The 61 species currently recognized are divided among three genera: Micrurus (57 species), Leptomicru- rus (three species), and Micruroides (one species). Micrurus is found in a wide range of terrestrial habitats throughout its range from the south- eastern United States to southern South Amer- ica. Leptomicrurus is found in tropical lowland moist and wet forests in Amazonia. The mono- typic Micruroides is found in the Sonoran Desert of the southwestern United States and adjacent northwestern Mexico. Although various Old World elapids (e.g., Calliophis, Maticora, Aspi- delaps) are often termed "coral snakes," the term is restricted herein to New World elapids.
Danilo Chacon - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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maintaining coral snakes micrurus nigrocinctus serpentes elapidae for venom production on an alternative fish based diet
Toxicon, 2012Co-Authors: Danilo Chacon, S Rodriguez, Jazmin Arias, Gabriela Solano, Fabian Bonilla, Aaron GomezAbstract:Abstract American Elapid snakes (Coral Snakes) comprise the genera Leptomicrurus , Micruroides and Micrurus, which form a vast taxonomic assembly of 330 species distributed from the South of United States to the southern region of South America. In order to obtain venom for animal immunizations aimed at antivenom production, Coral Snakes must be kept in captivity and submitted periodically to venom extraction procedures. Thus, to maintain a snake colony in good health for this purpose, a complete alternative diet utilizing an easily obtained prey animal is desirable. The development of a diet based on fish is compared to the wild diet based on colubrid snakes, and assessed in terms of gain in body weight rate (g/week), longevity (weeks), venom yield (mg/individual), venom median lethal dose (LD 50 ) and venom chromatographic profiles. The animals fed with the fish-based diet gained more weight, lived longer, and produced similar amount of venom whose biological and biochemical characteristics were similar to those of venom collected from specimens fed with the wild diet. This fish-based diet appears to be suitable (and preferable to the wild diet) to supply the nutritional requirements of a Micrurus nigrocinctus snake collection for the production of antivenom.