The Experts below are selected from a list of 147 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Jun Zhu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Full-scale sequencing batch reactor (SBR) treatment for Milking Center wastewater
    2007 Minneapolis Minnesota June 17-20 2007, 2007
    Co-Authors: Jun Zhu
    Abstract:

    A full-scale sequencing batch reactor (SBR) was installed to treat the Milking Center wastewater discharged from the milk house on a dairy farm which was a typical small-size dairy producer with 100 cows. The total volume of the reactor is 5760 liters (1500 gallons) while the working volume is 3402 liters (900) gallons. Two cycle regimes with total cycle time of 12 hours were designated to test the performance of treatment during the start-up period, Regime 1 was with aerobic-anaerobic REACT, and Regime 2 with anaerobic-aerobic REACT, both operated under an HRT of three days without wasting sludge. Regime 1 was running for one and half months before the steady state was observed, and the removals of TS, VS, BOD, NH4-N, TKN, TP, DP were 44.6%, 69.4%, 94.6%, 100.0%, 83.5%, 24.1%, 47.7%, respectively. Regime 2 was established at a lower sludge level, thus needed longer time to get to steady state. Results showed that the regime with anaerobic-aerobic REACT was more supportive of phosphorus removal than that with aerobic-anaerobic REACT.

  • Treatment of Milking Center Wastewater Using a Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR)
    2006 Portland Oregon July 9-12 2006, 2006
    Co-Authors: Jun Zhu
    Abstract:

    Treatment of Milking Center wastewater whose soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD) was adapted to around 2000mg/L was studied in a lab-scale sequencing batch reactor. Simultaneous biological organic matter and nutrient removal was investigated under nine operational conditions including three hydraulic retention times (HRTs) and three different aeration schemes to determine the optimal combination of responsible operation parameters. The best result was found as the HRT was 2.7 days while the ratio of mixing time to total react time (TM / TP) was 0.57, when the removal of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) and total phosphorus (TP) are 100%, 99.0% and 99.9%, respectively, and the COD in effluent is below 50 mg/L. A good simultaneous reduction in suspended solids (99.2%) was also observed. Less than 0.1mg/L nitrate and no nitrite appear in the effluent.

John F. Smith - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Influence of Facilities on Cow’s Time Budget
    Sixth International Dairy Housing Conference Proceeding 16-18 June 2007 (Minneapolis Minnesota) (Electronic Only), 2007
    Co-Authors: Joseph P. Harner, John F. Smith, Michael J. Brouck
    Abstract:

    Freestall facilities are often overstocked to reduce the facility investment cost per cow or to allow gradually expansion the dairy herd. Overstocking freestalls and feed spaces may reduce the time available for cows to meet their individual time budgets. The objective of this study was to develop a model to evaluate the impact of facilities and time at the Milking Center on cow time budgets. The model suggests overcrowding by 25 % or more will have a negative impact on normal behavior. Overcrowding results in inadequate time for normal resting and feeding activities. The facility occupancy index is based on the percentage of cows that must be resting and feeding during a given time in a pen. Evaluation of different scenarios indicates the first cows through the parlor have adequate time for resting, feeding, socializing and watering. However, the last cows have inadequate time if they spent two or more hrs per Milking at the milk Center. Reducing time at the milk Center is critical when Milking 3X to ensure the last cows have adequate time for normal behavior activities. The model provides practitioners an evaluation tool to determine if the facilities allow cows to exhibit normal behavioral activities while in a pen. The model may be used to evaluate the impact of time at milk Center and Milking frequency on the cow’s time budget.

  • Influence of facilities on cow time budgets
    Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports, 2006
    Co-Authors: Joseph P. Harner, John F. Smith, Michael J. Brouk
    Abstract:

    A model was developed to evaluate the impact of facilities on cow time budgets. The model suggests that in inadequate facilities overcrowding of the facility by 25% or more resulted because occupancy rate exceeded 100%. The model also is useful in evaluating the impact of time at Milking Center and Milking frequency on cow time budget. In general, the first groups of cows through the Milking parlor will have adequate time for resting, feeding, socializing, and watering. The last groups of cows through the parlor, however, do not have adequate time for these activities if the time at the Milking Center at each Milking is 2 or more hours. Reducing time at the Milking Center is critical when Milking 3 times daily to ensure that the last groups of cows through the parlor have adequate time for normal behavioral activities once back in the housing area.

  • Planning the Milking Center in expanding dairies.
    Journal of dairy science, 1997
    Co-Authors: John F. Smith, D.v. Armstrong, M.j. Gamroth, J.g. Martin
    Abstract:

    This paper focuses on large dairies that want to expand and milk more cows through an existing parlor or by building a new parlor. The expansion process can be divided into the following three phases: 1) financial evaluation, 2) design, and 3) construction. A financial evaluation should be carried out first to determine the resources that are available for expanding the dairy operation. This phase is extremely important, considering that 68% of the dairies that expand have cash flow problems within the first 2 yr of operation. The next phase is to design the Milking Center, and options include expanding the present parlor or constructing a new parlor. The present parlor can be expanded by addition of stalls, but group size must also expand to maintain cow flow at the larger parlor size. Group size can often be increased by combining corrals or free-stall alleys. The third phase in the expansion is to determine the most efficient Milking procedure during the construction or remodeling of the facilities.

J.g. Martin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Planning the Milking Center in expanding dairies.
    Journal of dairy science, 1997
    Co-Authors: John F. Smith, D.v. Armstrong, M.j. Gamroth, J.g. Martin
    Abstract:

    This paper focuses on large dairies that want to expand and milk more cows through an existing parlor or by building a new parlor. The expansion process can be divided into the following three phases: 1) financial evaluation, 2) design, and 3) construction. A financial evaluation should be carried out first to determine the resources that are available for expanding the dairy operation. This phase is extremely important, considering that 68% of the dairies that expand have cash flow problems within the first 2 yr of operation. The next phase is to design the Milking Center, and options include expanding the present parlor or constructing a new parlor. The present parlor can be expanded by addition of stalls, but group size must also expand to maintain cow flow at the larger parlor size. Group size can often be increased by combining corrals or free-stall alleys. The third phase in the expansion is to determine the most efficient Milking procedure during the construction or remodeling of the facilities.

Curt Gooch - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Ventilation Strategies for Environmental Control of Modern Milking Centers
    2014
    Co-Authors: Curt Gooch, W.g. Bickert
    Abstract:

    Effective Milking Center ventilation is needed to provide comfortable conditions for the operator and the cows alike. Likewise, proper ventilation can help to prevent premature deterioration of building materials and equipment. Milking Center designers need to be aware of the need for proper ventilation and incorporate its design into the normal design process. Natural or mechanical ventilation can be used to ventilate Milking Centers. Mechanical ventilation has advantages over natural ventilation for this application. Control of mechanical ventilation is more reliable and better suited to maintain a quality environment in most instances. A positive ventilation system is preferred for summer conditions and presented in this paper. To meet minimum ventilation requirements in the winter, a neutral system that is balanced between positive pressure heat transfer fans located in the mechanical room with cupola fans operating in the reverse direction seems to be working well in practice.

  • Environmental Control for Today’s Milking Center
    2014
    Co-Authors: Curt Gooch
    Abstract:

    A quality environment within a Milking Center requires a properly designed, installed, managed, and maintained environmental management system. The objective of a Milking Center environmental management system is to economically moderate the temperature, relative humidity, odors, and gas levels so a comfortable range is maintained for both the operator and the cow. Standard components of an environmental management system typically include a ventilation system, a cooling system, and a heating system.

  • environmental control for today s Milking Center
    2014
    Co-Authors: Curt Gooch
    Abstract:

    A quality environment within a Milking Center requires a properly designed, installed, managed, and maintained environmental management system. The objective of a Milking Center environmental management system is to economically moderate the temperature, relative humidity, odors, and gas levels so a comfortable range is maintained for both the operator and the cow. Standard components of an environmental management system typically include a ventilation system, a cooling system, and a heating system.

Collins Eldridge - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.