The Experts below are selected from a list of 2196 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Satu Pyorala - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • invited review udder health of dairy cows in automatic Milking
    Journal of Dairy Science, 2011
    Co-Authors: Mari Hovinen, Satu Pyorala
    Abstract:

    Automatic Milking (AM) is increasing in modern dairy farming, and over 8,000 farms worldwide currently use this technology. Automatic Milking system is designed to replace conventional Milking managed by a milker in a Milking parlor or in tie stalls. Cows are generally milked more frequently in AM than in conventional Milking, and Milking is quarter-based instead of udder-based. Despite improvements in the Milking process and often building of a new barn before the introduction of AM, udder health of the cows has not improved; on the contrary, problems may appear following conversion from conventional Milking to AM. This review focuses on udder health of dairy cows in AM, and we discuss several aspects of cow and Milking management in AM associated with udder health. Finally, adequate management methods in AM are suggested. According to several studies comparing udder health between automatic and conventional Milking or comparing udder health before and after the introduction of automatic Milking in the same herds, udder health has deteriorated during the first year or more after the introduction of AM. Automatic detection of subclinical and clinical mastitis and cleaning the teats before Milking are challenges of AM. Failures in mastitis detection and Milking Hygiene pose a risk for udder health. These risk factors can partly be controlled by management actions taken by the farmer, but AM also needs further technical development. To maintain good udder health in AM, it is imperative that the barn is properly designed to keep the cows clean and the cow traffic flowing. Milking frequency must be maintained for every cow according to its stage of lactation and milk production. Careful observation of the cows and knowledge of how to use all data gathered from the system are also important. "Automatic" does not mean that the role of a competent herdsman is in any way diminished.

  • visual detection of technical success and effectiveness of teat cleaning in two automatic Milking systems
    Journal of Dairy Science, 2005
    Co-Authors: Mari Hovinen, Annamaija Aisla, Satu Pyorala
    Abstract:

    Technical success and effectiveness of teat cleaning and the management factors associated with them were evaluated in 9 automatic Milking herds. In total, 616 teats cleaned with a cleaning cup and 716 teats cleaned with rotating brushes were included. Technical success and the effectiveness of teat cleaning, including the location and nature of the dirt, were evaluated visually. On average, 79.9% of teat cleanings with a cleaning cup, and 85.0% of those cleaned with brushes succeeded technically; that is, the teat was correctly positioned in the cleaning device throughout the whole cleaning process. The difference between use of teat cups and brushes was significant. However, because technical success of teat cleaning is strongly dependent on herd characteristics, these results should be interpreted with caution. Factors associated with the technical success of teat cleaning with a cleaning cup were herd, days in milk, behavior of the cow, teat color, and teat location. For rotating brushes, behavior of the cow, teat location, udder and teat structure, and days in milk were associated with technical success. Excessive udder hair and technical failure of the automatic Milking machine also caused a few technically unsuccessful teat cleanings with a cleaning cup. Teats with technically successful teat cleanings were evaluated for the effectiveness of teat cleaning. From originally dirty teats, the cleaning cup had a significant advantage over the brushes in the percentage of teats that became clean or almost clean during the cleaning process (79.8 vs. 72.9%). Teat orifices were least effectively cleaned compared with the teat barrel and apex. Bedding material (peat, sawdust, or straw) on the teat was cleaned almost completely. Factors associated with the effectiveness of teat cleaning were teat cleanliness before cleaning, herd, teat cleaning method, and teat condition. The variation among herds indicates the likelihood that herd management factors can be adjusted to improve Milking Hygiene. There is also a need to improve the precision and effectiveness of the teat cleaning mechanisms of automatic Milking systems.

Mari Hovinen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • invited review udder health of dairy cows in automatic Milking
    Journal of Dairy Science, 2011
    Co-Authors: Mari Hovinen, Satu Pyorala
    Abstract:

    Automatic Milking (AM) is increasing in modern dairy farming, and over 8,000 farms worldwide currently use this technology. Automatic Milking system is designed to replace conventional Milking managed by a milker in a Milking parlor or in tie stalls. Cows are generally milked more frequently in AM than in conventional Milking, and Milking is quarter-based instead of udder-based. Despite improvements in the Milking process and often building of a new barn before the introduction of AM, udder health of the cows has not improved; on the contrary, problems may appear following conversion from conventional Milking to AM. This review focuses on udder health of dairy cows in AM, and we discuss several aspects of cow and Milking management in AM associated with udder health. Finally, adequate management methods in AM are suggested. According to several studies comparing udder health between automatic and conventional Milking or comparing udder health before and after the introduction of automatic Milking in the same herds, udder health has deteriorated during the first year or more after the introduction of AM. Automatic detection of subclinical and clinical mastitis and cleaning the teats before Milking are challenges of AM. Failures in mastitis detection and Milking Hygiene pose a risk for udder health. These risk factors can partly be controlled by management actions taken by the farmer, but AM also needs further technical development. To maintain good udder health in AM, it is imperative that the barn is properly designed to keep the cows clean and the cow traffic flowing. Milking frequency must be maintained for every cow according to its stage of lactation and milk production. Careful observation of the cows and knowledge of how to use all data gathered from the system are also important. "Automatic" does not mean that the role of a competent herdsman is in any way diminished.

  • visual detection of technical success and effectiveness of teat cleaning in two automatic Milking systems
    Journal of Dairy Science, 2005
    Co-Authors: Mari Hovinen, Annamaija Aisla, Satu Pyorala
    Abstract:

    Technical success and effectiveness of teat cleaning and the management factors associated with them were evaluated in 9 automatic Milking herds. In total, 616 teats cleaned with a cleaning cup and 716 teats cleaned with rotating brushes were included. Technical success and the effectiveness of teat cleaning, including the location and nature of the dirt, were evaluated visually. On average, 79.9% of teat cleanings with a cleaning cup, and 85.0% of those cleaned with brushes succeeded technically; that is, the teat was correctly positioned in the cleaning device throughout the whole cleaning process. The difference between use of teat cups and brushes was significant. However, because technical success of teat cleaning is strongly dependent on herd characteristics, these results should be interpreted with caution. Factors associated with the technical success of teat cleaning with a cleaning cup were herd, days in milk, behavior of the cow, teat color, and teat location. For rotating brushes, behavior of the cow, teat location, udder and teat structure, and days in milk were associated with technical success. Excessive udder hair and technical failure of the automatic Milking machine also caused a few technically unsuccessful teat cleanings with a cleaning cup. Teats with technically successful teat cleanings were evaluated for the effectiveness of teat cleaning. From originally dirty teats, the cleaning cup had a significant advantage over the brushes in the percentage of teats that became clean or almost clean during the cleaning process (79.8 vs. 72.9%). Teat orifices were least effectively cleaned compared with the teat barrel and apex. Bedding material (peat, sawdust, or straw) on the teat was cleaned almost completely. Factors associated with the effectiveness of teat cleaning were teat cleanliness before cleaning, herd, teat cleaning method, and teat condition. The variation among herds indicates the likelihood that herd management factors can be adjusted to improve Milking Hygiene. There is also a need to improve the precision and effectiveness of the teat cleaning mechanisms of automatic Milking systems.

Peggy G Braun - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • goat production in el salvador a focus on animal health Milking Hygiene and raw milk quality
    Journal of Food Quality, 2017
    Co-Authors: Kristina Linderot De Cardona, Abelardo De Gracia Scanapieco, Peggy G Braun
    Abstract:

    Often referred to as “the poor man’s cow,” goats are important livestock in developing countries and in El Salvador goat management and milk are growing in popularity. This study focuses on the general health of Salvadoran goats and national husbandry systems as well as goat products and Milking Hygiene. The survey was submitted in western and central parts of the country: 191 goat owners were interviewed on animal management and production, 434 goats underwent a basic clinical exam, and raw milk samples were taken from 60 lactating does. Milk samples were examined for total plate count, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli, and Listeria monocytogenes. The majority of goats were managed under a traditional husbandry system naming milk production as their main purpose. Based on the physical exam, the overall goat health was acceptable but in need of improvement. The results of the raw milk samples did not indicate a mayor microbial contamination. Development programs and education of Salvadoran goat owners are recommended to improve goats’ health and productivity in El Salvador. Further studies on the microbial quality on raw goat’s milk are necessary to determine the health risk when consumed. The information obtained in this investigation will serve as a base for future projects.

Kristina Linderot De Cardona - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • goat production in el salvador a focus on animal health Milking Hygiene and raw milk quality
    Journal of Food Quality, 2017
    Co-Authors: Kristina Linderot De Cardona, Abelardo De Gracia Scanapieco, Peggy G Braun
    Abstract:

    Often referred to as “the poor man’s cow,” goats are important livestock in developing countries and in El Salvador goat management and milk are growing in popularity. This study focuses on the general health of Salvadoran goats and national husbandry systems as well as goat products and Milking Hygiene. The survey was submitted in western and central parts of the country: 191 goat owners were interviewed on animal management and production, 434 goats underwent a basic clinical exam, and raw milk samples were taken from 60 lactating does. Milk samples were examined for total plate count, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli, and Listeria monocytogenes. The majority of goats were managed under a traditional husbandry system naming milk production as their main purpose. Based on the physical exam, the overall goat health was acceptable but in need of improvement. The results of the raw milk samples did not indicate a mayor microbial contamination. Development programs and education of Salvadoran goat owners are recommended to improve goats’ health and productivity in El Salvador. Further studies on the microbial quality on raw goat’s milk are necessary to determine the health risk when consumed. The information obtained in this investigation will serve as a base for future projects.

Abelardo De Gracia Scanapieco - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • goat production in el salvador a focus on animal health Milking Hygiene and raw milk quality
    Journal of Food Quality, 2017
    Co-Authors: Kristina Linderot De Cardona, Abelardo De Gracia Scanapieco, Peggy G Braun
    Abstract:

    Often referred to as “the poor man’s cow,” goats are important livestock in developing countries and in El Salvador goat management and milk are growing in popularity. This study focuses on the general health of Salvadoran goats and national husbandry systems as well as goat products and Milking Hygiene. The survey was submitted in western and central parts of the country: 191 goat owners were interviewed on animal management and production, 434 goats underwent a basic clinical exam, and raw milk samples were taken from 60 lactating does. Milk samples were examined for total plate count, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli, and Listeria monocytogenes. The majority of goats were managed under a traditional husbandry system naming milk production as their main purpose. Based on the physical exam, the overall goat health was acceptable but in need of improvement. The results of the raw milk samples did not indicate a mayor microbial contamination. Development programs and education of Salvadoran goat owners are recommended to improve goats’ health and productivity in El Salvador. Further studies on the microbial quality on raw goat’s milk are necessary to determine the health risk when consumed. The information obtained in this investigation will serve as a base for future projects.