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Peter T. Thomsen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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can digital dermatitis be detected in the Milking Parlor without washing cows feet
Research in Veterinary Science, 2017Co-Authors: Victor H.s. Oliveira, Jan Tind Sørensen, Peter T. ThomsenAbstract:Scoring digital dermatitis (DD) in the Milking Parlor after washing the hind feet of cows has been recommended. However, farmers might be reluctant to perform this washing due to compromised udder hygiene. The objective of this study was to evaluate if DD prevalence can be determined without the washing procedure. A total of 4510 cows from 22 dairy herds were scored for DD in the Milking Parlor without and with washing their hind feet. In all DD infected herds, DD prevalence was higher when scored with washing. The two methods were highly correlated (r=0.987, P<0.001). Scoring with washing resulted in a median of 32% more detected DD cases with a large variation between herds. Overall, DD measurements without washing the feet of cows should be interpreted with caution.
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Can digital dermatitis be detected in the Milking Parlor without washing cows' feet?
Research in veterinary science, 2017Co-Authors: Victor H.s. Oliveira, Jan Tind Sørensen, Peter T. ThomsenAbstract:Scoring digital dermatitis (DD) in the Milking Parlor after washing the hind feet of cows has been recommended. However, farmers might be reluctant to perform this washing due to compromised udder hygiene. The objective of this study was to evaluate if DD prevalence can be determined without the washing procedure. A total of 4510 cows from 22 dairy herds were scored for DD in the Milking Parlor without and with washing their hind feet. In all DD infected herds, DD prevalence was higher when scored with washing. The two methods were highly correlated (r=0.987, P
Victor H.s. Oliveira - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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can digital dermatitis be detected in the Milking Parlor without washing cows feet
Research in Veterinary Science, 2017Co-Authors: Victor H.s. Oliveira, Jan Tind Sørensen, Peter T. ThomsenAbstract:Scoring digital dermatitis (DD) in the Milking Parlor after washing the hind feet of cows has been recommended. However, farmers might be reluctant to perform this washing due to compromised udder hygiene. The objective of this study was to evaluate if DD prevalence can be determined without the washing procedure. A total of 4510 cows from 22 dairy herds were scored for DD in the Milking Parlor without and with washing their hind feet. In all DD infected herds, DD prevalence was higher when scored with washing. The two methods were highly correlated (r=0.987, P<0.001). Scoring with washing resulted in a median of 32% more detected DD cases with a large variation between herds. Overall, DD measurements without washing the feet of cows should be interpreted with caution.
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Can digital dermatitis be detected in the Milking Parlor without washing cows' feet?
Research in veterinary science, 2017Co-Authors: Victor H.s. Oliveira, Jan Tind Sørensen, Peter T. ThomsenAbstract:Scoring digital dermatitis (DD) in the Milking Parlor after washing the hind feet of cows has been recommended. However, farmers might be reluctant to perform this washing due to compromised udder hygiene. The objective of this study was to evaluate if DD prevalence can be determined without the washing procedure. A total of 4510 cows from 22 dairy herds were scored for DD in the Milking Parlor without and with washing their hind feet. In all DD infected herds, DD prevalence was higher when scored with washing. The two methods were highly correlated (r=0.987, P
M A Delorenzo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Simulating individual cow milk yield for Milking Parlor simulation models.
Journal of Dairy Science, 1994Co-Authors: C V Thomas, M A DelorenzoAbstract:Abstract A method of simulating individual cow milk yield per Milking as a function of herd milk yield and month was formulated for Milking Parlor simulation models. Milk yield per Milking was modeled for each month in three herd milk yield categories: 8165, 8845, and 9525 kg/yr of milk per cow. Actual individual cow DHIA test day milk weight data for three Florida dairy herds in each herd milk yield category and month were adjusted to the mean of their respective actual milk shipped per cow on test day then pooled and converted to a basis of three times per day milk yield per Milking. After minor truncation, Weibull probability distributions fitted to these data sets adequately modeled milk yield per Milking per cow. Analysis of simulation results for milk yield per Milking per cow indicated no significant differences between actual and simulated means for any herd milk yield category or month. Simulations of monthly and yearly total herd milk yield for each herd indicated that fitted Weibull distributions also adequately modeled monthly and yearly herd milk yield characteristics and reflected seasonal herd milk yield patterns typical of Florida.
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Prediction of Individual Cow Milking Time for Milking Parlor Simulation Models
Journal of Dairy Science, 1993Co-Authors: C V Thomas, M A Delorenzo, D.r. BrayAbstract:Abstract A prediction method for individual cow Milking time for use in Milking Parlor simulation models was formulated as a function of pulsation ratio, vacuum, and milk yield per cow per Milking. Milking time was divided into two components: lag time, consisting of time from Milking unit attachment to initiation of milk flow, and milk flow time, consisting of time from initiation of milk flow to end of measurable milk flow. Least squares ANOVA indicated that linear effects of pulsation ratio, vacuum, and milk yield and quadratic and cubic effects of milk yield affected milk flow time and lag time. Quadratic effects of pulsation ratio and vacuum and the interaction between pulsation ratio and vacuum only affected milk flow time. Small but significant effects on milk yield per Milking were due to pulsation ratio (linear), vacuum (linear and quadratic), and pulsation ratio x vacuum interaction. Based on the analysis, a prediction equation for Milking time was formulated, tested, and found to be unsuitable for generation of simulated Milking times. Fitting shifted gamma probability distributions to the milk flow time data at various pulsation ratios, vacuums, and milk yields per Milking was suitable for generation of simulated Milking times.
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Evaluation of 50:50 and 70:30 Pulsation Ratios in a Large Commercial Dairy Herd
Journal of Dairy Science, 1993Co-Authors: C V Thomas, D.r. Bray, M A DelorenzoAbstract:Abstract An experiment was conducted in a large commercial dairy Milking 1350 Holstein cows in Florida to investigate the effects of 50:50 or 70:30 pulsation ratios on Milking Parlor performance, milk production, and udder health. The experiment used a reversal design in which the two pulsation ratios were tested over four 2-mo periods in nearly identical double-11 herringbone Milking Parlors. Analysis of Milking Parlor performance measures of cows milked per hour, milk harvested per hour, Parlor turns per hour, and Parlor cycle time revealed a small increase in Milking Parlor performance for the 70:30 pulsation ratio. Milking with the 70:30 pulsation ratio increased cows milked by 4.1 cows per h, increased milk harvested by 38.3 kg/h, increased Parlor turns by .2 turns per hr, and decreased Parlor cycle time by .4 min compared with the 50:50 pulsation ratio. Average milk production per cow per Milking did not differ between the two ratios. Udder health indicators of clinical mastitis incidence, cows culled for mastitis, or bulk tank SCC were not different because of pulsation ratio.
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Prediction of Individual Cow Milking Time for Milking Parlor Simulation Models
Journal of Dairy Science, 1993Co-Authors: C V Thomas, M A Delorenzo, D.r. BrayAbstract:Journal of Dairy Science 76 (1993) 2184-2194. doi:10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(93)77555-4Received by publisher: 1992-12-15Harvest Date: 2016-01-04 12:20:08DOI: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(93)77555-4Page Range: 2184-219
A. Brand - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Comparison of analysis techniques for on-line detection of clinical mastitis.
Journal of dairy science, 1995Co-Authors: Mirjam Nielen, Ynte H. Schukken, A. Brand, S. Haring, R.t. Ferwerda-van ZonneveldAbstract:Three techniques were compared for analysis of automatically collected data from the Milking Parlor. Mammary quarters showing signs of clinical mastitis were compared with randomly selected healthy quarters. Automatic data were analyzed from the Milking on which the milkers observed clinical mastitis as well as data from the two prior Milkings. Electrical conductivity of milk was not corrected for individual cows. Milking Parlor data were preprocessed so that information on the electrical conductivity pattern during a Milking was retained. Principal component analysis was used to verify whether variation in the data was caused by mastitis. Performance of logistic regression models for detection of clinical mastitis was compared with that of backpropagation neural networks. Variation in the quarter data was caused by mastitis. Automatic data from infected quarters did not always differ from data from healthy quarters, especially from the two prior Milkings. The detection performance of the logistic regression model was similar to that of the neural networks. When both models were tested on the development data, sensitivity was approximately 75%, and specificity was approximately 90% at the Milking of mastitis observation. Detection results were lower for the prior Milkings. Therefore, not all incidences of clinical mastitis cases could be detected before clinical signs occurred.
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Detection of Subclinical Mastitis from On-Line Milking Parlor Data
Journal of dairy science, 1995Co-Authors: Mirjam Nielen, Ynte H. Schukken, A. Brand, H.a. Deluyker, K. MaatjeAbstract:A model, based on automatically collected data, was developed for detection of subclinical mastitis. The logistic regression model was based on the following variables: milk electrical conductivity, milk production, parity, and DIM. Subclinical mastitis was defined as a minimal period of 1 wk in which the SCC was > 500 x 10(3) cells/ml. In contrast, periods were defined as healthy if the SCC was < 200 x 10(3) cells/ml. The resulting model had a sensitivity of 55% and specificity of 90% for individual Milkings. For periods of 14 Milkings, sensitivity was 54% and specificity 92% when the threshold for that period was > 6 electrical conductivity signals for high SCC. Based on these test characteristics, the model could be used as an initial screening tool in a herd with a high incidence of subclinical mastitis. Cows with a signal would have a higher probability of being diseased than the total population. In such herds, separation of milk from the signaled cows might be a possible management strategy to reduce the SCC in the bulk milk tank.
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physiology and management detection of subclinical mastitis from on line Milking Parlor data
Journal of Dairy Science, 1995Co-Authors: M Nielen, A. Brand, H.a. Deluyker, V H Schukken, K. MaatjeAbstract:A model, based on automatically collected data, was developed for detection of subclinical mastitis. The logistic regression model was based on the following variables: milk electrical conductivity, milk production, parity, and DIM. Subclinical mastitis was defined as a minimal period of 1 wk in which the scc was >SOO x 103 celldml. In contrast, periods were defined as healthy if the SCC was QOO x lo3 cells/ml.
Pascal Savary - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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lower working heights decrease contraction intensity of shoulder muscles in a herringbone 30 Milking Parlor
Journal of Dairy Science, 2017Co-Authors: Marianne Cockburn, Pascal Savary, Matthias Schick, Nicola A. Maffiuletti, Lorenz Gygax, Christina UmstätterAbstract:Musculoskeletal disorders have been a main concern in milkers for many years. To improve posture, a formula was developed in a previous study to calculate ergonomically optimal working heights for various Milking Parlor types. However, the working height recommendations based on the formula for the herringbone 30° Parlor were broad. To clarify the recommendations for the optimal working height, we investigated the effect of working height on upper limb and shoulder muscle contraction intensities. We evaluated 60 Milking cluster attachment procedures in a herringbone 30° Milking Parlor in 7 men and 9 women. Specifically, we examined the effect of working height on muscle contraction intensity of 4 arm and shoulder muscles bilaterally (flexor carpi ulnaris, biceps brachii, deltoideus anterior, and upper trapezius) by using surface electromyography. The working heights (low, medium, and high), which reflect the ratio of the subject's height to the height of the udder base, were used in the Milking health formula to determine and fit individual depth of pits. Data were evaluated for each muscle and arm side in the functions holding and attaching. Statistical analysis was performed using linear mixed effects models, where muscle contraction intensity served as a target variable, whereas working height coefficient, sex, subject height, and repetition were treated as fixed effects, and repetition group nested in working height nested in subject was considered a random effect. Contraction intensities decreased with decreasing working height for the deltoideus anterior and upper trapezius, but not for the flexor carpi ulnaris or the biceps brachii muscles in both holding and attaching arm functions. We found that Milking at a lower working height reduced muscle contraction intensities of the shoulder muscles. Women showed higher contraction intensities than men, whereas subject height had no effect. The study demonstrated that a lower working height decreased muscular load during Milking. These lower working heights should be used within the recommendations made by the Milking health formula for the herringbone 30°. Working heights could be adjusted effectively for milkers of varying body height. Future studies should therefore use the Milking health formula as a tool to objectively compare and improve the accuracy of the working height coefficients.
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Lower working heights decrease contraction intensity of shoulder muscles in a herringbone 30° Milking Parlor
Journal of dairy science, 2017Co-Authors: Marianne Cockburn, Pascal Savary, Matthias Schick, Nicola A. Maffiuletti, Lorenz Gygax, Christina UmstätterAbstract:Musculoskeletal disorders have been a main concern in milkers for many years. To improve posture, a formula was developed in a previous study to calculate ergonomically optimal working heights for various Milking Parlor types. However, the working height recommendations based on the formula for the herringbone 30° Parlor were broad. To clarify the recommendations for the optimal working height, we investigated the effect of working height on upper limb and shoulder muscle contraction intensities. We evaluated 60 Milking cluster attachment procedures in a herringbone 30° Milking Parlor in 7 men and 9 women. Specifically, we examined the effect of working height on muscle contraction intensity of 4 arm and shoulder muscles bilaterally (flexor carpi ulnaris, biceps brachii, deltoideus anterior, and upper trapezius) by using surface electromyography. The working heights (low, medium, and high), which reflect the ratio of the subject's height to the height of the udder base, were used in the Milking health formula to determine and fit individual depth of pits. Data were evaluated for each muscle and arm side in the functions holding and attaching. Statistical analysis was performed using linear mixed effects models, where muscle contraction intensity served as a target variable, whereas working height coefficient, sex, subject height, and repetition were treated as fixed effects, and repetition group nested in working height nested in subject was considered a random effect. Contraction intensities decreased with decreasing working height for the deltoideus anterior and upper trapezius, but not for the flexor carpi ulnaris or the biceps brachii muscles in both holding and attaching arm functions. We found that Milking at a lower working height reduced muscle contraction intensities of the shoulder muscles. Women showed higher contraction intensities than men, whereas subject height had no effect. The study demonstrated that a lower working height decreased muscular load during Milking. These lower working heights should be used within the recommendations made by the Milking health formula for the herringbone 30°. Working heights could be adjusted effectively for milkers of varying body height. Future studies should therefore use the Milking health formula as a tool to objectively compare and improve the accuracy of the working height coefficients.
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Effects of Milking stall dimensions on behavior of dairy cows during Milking in different Milking Parlor types.
Journal of Dairy Science, 2016Co-Authors: Yamenah Gomez, Melissa Terranova, Michael Zähner, Edna Hillmann, Pascal SavaryAbstract:ABSTRACT Dairy cow body size has increased over time because of breeding selection for higher milk yield, but Milking stall dimensions have never been adjusted and are based on the practical experience of Milking-machine manufacturers and advisory institutions. Narrow, limited Milking stall dimensions might lead to behavioral changes during Milking due to lack of comfort. The aim of this study was to examine the current space allowance in Milking stalls on dairy farms and assess the effect of space allowance on cow behavior during Milking. On 15 Swiss dairy farms, we measured clear Milking stall dimensions and cow body dimensions. We calculated space ratios for length (SR length ) and width (SR width ) by dividing the Milking stall length or width by cow body length or belly width, respectively. When the space ratio was >1, we assumed that the body length or width of cow was smaller than the Milking stall length or width. On each farm, 10 healthy cows were chosen for behavioral observation during 1 evening Milking. We recorded rumination, elimination, and latency to enter the Milking stall by direct observation. Hind leg activity was recorded using acceleration loggers. Data were analyzed using general linear mixed-effects models with farm as a random effect. Due to a strong collinearity between SR width and SR length , we chose SR length for further analysis, because it is based on skeletal characteristics. The SR length was smallest in side-by-side Parlors (1.07 ± 0.01) and largest in tandem Parlors (1.18 ± 0.01). More cows had a tendency to ruminate with increasing SR length (odds ratio: 1.8). None of hind leg activity, maximum peaks of hind leg accelerations, or latency to enter the Milking stall were significantly affected by SR length . Latency to enter the Milking stall was longer for group Milking Parlors (side-by-side: 44.0 ± 3.2 s; herringbone: 34.3 ± 2.9 s) than for tandem Parlors (19.0 ± 2.7 s). Milking Parlor type had no effect on hind leg activity, maximum peaks of hind leg accelerations or rumination. The SR length affected rumination behavior to some extent, indicating that cow comfort was positively affected by larger Milking stall length. Because cow comfort is important for good Milking performance, further investigations of Milking stall dimensions for cow comfort and thus welfare are needed. Furthermore, the results showed that Parlor type affected cow behavior, irrespective of SR length , making future research necessary to identify the factors leading to this effect of Parlor type.
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improving ergonomics in Milking Parlors empirical findings for optimal working heights in five Milking Parlor types
Journal of Dairy Science, 2015Co-Authors: Marianne Cockbu, Pascal Savary, M Kauke, Matthias Schick, U Hoehnehuckstad, I Hermanns, R EllegasAbstract:Abstract Milking postures have shifted from seated Milking in tethered stalls to Milking in a standing position in Parlors. However, the musculoskeletal workload of dairy farmers remains high. Previous studies have shown that different working heights affect ergonomics, but they could not objectively evaluate and quantify the workload. The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of working height in different Milking Parlor types on the milker's workload during the task of attaching Milking clusters. Computer-assisted recording and long-term analysis of movements were used to record positions of joints and body regions while performing certain tasks in terms of angular degrees of joints (ADJ) according to the neutral zero method. The 5th, 50th, and 95th percentiles described the distribution of angular degree values measured for each joint. The ADJ were evaluated according to international standards and other scientific literature on the issue to assess the muscular load. The workload was compared between 5 Parlor types (auto tandem, herringbone 30°, herringbone 50°, parallel, and rotary) on 15 farms with 2 subjects per Parlor and 1 Milking period per subject. The working height was defined as a coefficient based on the milker's body height, the floor level, and the cow's udder height. The data recorded during the attachment task were analyzed using generalized linear mixed-effects models taking into account the hierarchical experimental design. The results indicated that the interaction of the cow's udder height, the milker's body height, and the Parlor type had a larger effect on ergonomics than each parameter had independently. The interaction was significant in at least 1 of the 3 percentiles in 28 out of 31 ADJ. The postural differences between Parlor types, however, were minor. A Milking health formula was created to calculate the ideal depth of pit by considering the Parlor type, the milker's height, and the mean herd udder height. This formula can be used to develop individual recommendations for future Parlor construction.