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Manoj Prasad - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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advances in setaria genomics for genetic improvement of cereals and bioenergy grasses
Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2015Co-Authors: Mehanathan Muthamilarasan, Manoj PrasadAbstract:Recent advances in Setaria genomics appear promising for genetic improvement of cereals and biofuel crops towards providing multiple securities to the steadily increasing global population. The prominent attributes of foxtail Millet (Setaria italica, cultivated) and green foxtail (S. viridis, wild) including small genome size, short life-cycle, in-breeding nature, genetic close-relatedness to several cereals, Millets and bioenergy grasses, and potential abiotic stress tolerance have accentuated these two Setaria species as novel model system for studying C4 photosynthesis, stress biology and biofuel traits. Considering this, studies have been performed on structural and functional genomics of these plants to develop genetic and genomic resources, and to delineate the physiology and molecular biology of stress tolerance, for the improvement of Millets, cereals and bioenergy grasses. The release of foxtail Millet genome sequence has provided a new dimension to Setaria genomics, resulting in large-scale development of genetic and genomic tools, construction of informative databases, and genome-wide association and functional genomic studies. In this context, this review discusses the advancements made in Setaria genomics, which have generated a considerable knowledge that could be used for the improvement of Millets, cereals and biofuel crops. Further, this review also shows the nutritional potential of foxtail Millet in providing health benefits to global population and provides a preliminary information on introgressing the nutritional properties in graminaceous species through molecular breeding and transgene-based approaches.
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development of novel microrna based genetic markers in foxtail Millet for genotyping applications in related grass species
Molecular Breeding, 2014Co-Authors: Chandra Bhan Yadav, Mehanathan Muthamilarasan, Garima Pandey, Yusuf Khan, Manoj PrasadAbstract:DNA markers are important in molecular breeding, and, hence, considering its prominence, a variety of DNA-based molecular markers have been explored and developed for expediting crop improvement programs. microRNA (miRNA)-based molecular marker is a type of functional markers exploited predominantly in animal sciences, but reported in very few plants. Considering the efficacy, stability and transferability potential of the miRNA-based markers, the present study was conducted to develop these markers in the model crop foxtail Millet. The pre-miRNA sequences of foxtail Millet and other related grasses including rice, maize, wheat, sorghum and Brachypodium were retrieved and aligned for identifying the conserved regions. One hundred and seventy-six primer pairs were designed for these consensus sequences, and all these 176 miRNA-based markers were mapped onto foxtail Millet genome. Of the 176 markers, 66 were chosen for further experimentations based on representing the nine chromosomes of foxtail Millet and presence of highly conserved regions. All the 66 markers showed 100 % amplification in five cultivars of foxtail Millet. Moreover, all the markers showed a higher level of cross-genera transferability potential with an average of ~67 % in Millets and non-Millet species. This is the first report on the development of novel miRNA-based markers in foxtail Millet. Promisingly, these markers would serve as novel genotyping tool for various molecular breeding approaches aiming at crop improvement in Millets and non-Millet species.
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comprehensive genome wide identification and expression profiling of foxtail Millet setaria italica l mirnas in response to abiotic stress and development of mirna database
Plant Cell Tissue and Organ Culture, 2014Co-Authors: Yusuf Khan, Mehanathan Muthamilarasan, Chandra Bhan Yadav, Amita Yadav, Venkata Suresh Bonthala, Manoj PrasadAbstract:MicroRNA (miRNA)-guided post-transcriptional regulation is an important mechanism of gene regulation during multiple biological processes including response to abiotic stresses. Foxtail Millet is a model crop, which is genetically closely related to several bioenergy grasses and also known for its potential abiotic stress tolerance. Hence deciphering the role of miRNAs in regulating stress-responsive mechanism would enable imparting durable stress tolerance in both Millets and bioenergy grasses. Considering this, a comprehensive genome-wide in silico analysis was performed in foxtail Millet which identified 355 mature miRNAs along with their secondary structure as well as corresponding targets. Predicted miRNA targets were found to encode various DNA binding proteins, transcription factors or important functional enzymes, which could be the crucial regulators in plant abiotic stress responses. All the 355 miRNAs were physically mapped onto the foxtail Millet genome and in silico tissue-specific expression for these miRNAs were studied. Comparative mapping of the 355 miRNAs between foxtail Millet and other related grass species would assist miRNA studies in these genetically closely-related plants. Expression profiling was performed for eight candidate miRNAs under diverse abiotic stresses in foxtail Millet, which unravelled the putative involvement of these miRNAs in stress tolerance. With an aim of providing the generated miRNA marker information to the global scientific community, a foxtail Millet MiRNA Database (FmMiRNADb: http://59.163.192.91/FmMiRNADb/index.html) has also been constructed. Overall, the present study provides novel insights onto the role of miRNAs in abiotic stress tolerance and would promisingly expedite research on post-transcriptional regulation of stress-related genes in Millets and bioenergy grasses.
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development of 5123 intron length polymorphic markers for large scale genotyping applications in foxtail Millet
DNA Research, 2014Co-Authors: Mehanathan Muthamilarasan, Garima Pandey, Venkata B Suresh, Kajal Kumari, Swarup K Parida, Manoj PrasadAbstract:Generating genomic resources in terms ofmolecularmarkers is imperative in molecularbreeding forcrop improvement.Thoughdevelopment and application ofmicrosatellite markers inlarge-scalewas reported in the model crop foxtail Millet, no such large-scale study was conducted for intron-length polymorphic (ILP) markers. Considering this, we developed 5123 ILP markers, of which 4049 were physically mapped onto 9 chromosomesoffoxtailMillet.BLASTanalysisof5123expressedsequencetags(ESTs)suggestedthefunction for ∼71.5% ESTs and grouped them into 5 different functional categories. About 440 selected primer pairs representingthefoxtailMilletgenomeandthedifferentfunctionalgroupsshowedhigh-levelofcross-genera amplification at an average of ∼85% in eight Millets and five non-Millet species. The efficacy of the ILP markers for distinguishing the foxtail Millet is demonstrated by observed heterozygosity (0.20) and Nei’s averagegenediversity(0.22).InsilicocomparativemappingofphysicallymappedILPmarkersdemonstrated substantial percentage of sequence-based orthology and syntenic relationship between foxtail Millet chromosomes and sorghum (∼50%), maize (∼46%), rice (∼21%) and Brachypodium (∼21%) chromosomes. Hence, for the first time, we developed large-scale ILP markers in foxtail Millet and demonstrated their utility in germplasm characterization, transferability, phylogenetics and comparative mapping studies in Millets and bioenergy grass species.
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development of essr markers in setaria italica and their applicability in studying genetic diversity cross transferability and comparative mapping in Millet and non Millet species
PLOS ONE, 2013Co-Authors: Kajal Kumari, Mehanathan Muthamilarasan, Swarup K Parida, Debasis Chattopadhyay, Sarika Gupta, Gopal Misra, A Subramanian, Manoj PrasadAbstract:Foxtail Millet (Setariaitalica L.) is a tractable experimental model crop for studying functional genomics of Millets and bioenergy grasses. But the limited availability of genomic resources, particularly expressed sequence-based genic markers is significantly impeding its genetic improvement. Considering this, we attempted to develop EST-derived-SSR (eSSR) markers and utilize them in germplasm characterization, cross-genera transferability and in silico comparative mapping. From 66,027 foxtail Millet EST sequences 24,828 non-redundant ESTs were deduced, representing ~16 Mb, which revealed 534 (~2%) eSSRs in 495 SSR containing ESTs at a frequency of 1/30 kb. A total of 447 pp were successfully designed, of which 327 were mapped physically onto nine chromosomes. About 106 selected primer pairs representing the foxtail Millet genome showed high-level of cross-genera amplification at an average of ~88% in eight Millets and four non-Millet species. Broad range of genetic diversity (0.02–0.65) obtained in constructed phylogenetic tree using 40 eSSR markers demonstrated its utility in germplasm characterizations and phylogenetics. Comparative mapping of physically mapped eSSR markers showed considerable proportion of sequence-based orthology and syntenic relationship between foxtail Millet chromosomes and sorghum (~68%), maize (~61%) and rice (~42%) chromosomes. Synteny analysis of eSSRs of foxtail Millet, rice, maize and sorghum suggested the nested chromosome fusion frequently observed in grass genomes. Thus, for the first time we had generated large-scale eSSR markers in foxtail Millet and demonstrated their utility in germplasm characterization, transferability, phylogenetics and comparative mapping studies in Millets and bioenergy grass species.
Antony S Ceasar - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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genome wide identification and in silico analysis of pht1 family genes and proteins in setaria viridis the best model to study nutrient transport in Millets
The Plant Genome, 2019Co-Authors: Antony S CeasarAbstract:Millets are small-seeded cereals predominantly cultivated and consumed by millions of poor people living in developing countries in Asia and Africa. Limited availability of genomic resources hinders studies of nutrient transport in Millets. Two species, foxtail Millet [ (L.) P. Beauv.] and its wild relative green foxtail [ (L.) P. Beauv.], are considered to be suitable models to study the genomics of other Millets. Understanding the nutrient mobilization of Millets is essential for improving nutrient use efficiency and biofortification in Millets and other cereal crops. Millets are adapted for low-input agriculture, so understanding and improving the phosphate use efficiency of these plants is important because (i) subsistence farmers cannot afford to buy expensive phosphate fertilizers and (ii) the phosphate rock used for phosphate fertilizer production is depleting quickly. In this minireview, I discuss various studies on nutrient transport in Millets and highlight phosphate transport studies. I report the identification and phylogenetic and multiple sequence analyses of 12 PHosphate Transporter1 (PHT1) family genes and proteins of green foxtail for the first time. With the exception of PHT1;5, all other green foxtail PHT1 transporters are closely clustered with foxtail Millet PHT1 transporters. The multiple sequence analysis of SvPHT1s revealed that the key residues involved in phosphate and H-binding and transport are well conserved, as in other PHT1 transporters. Efforts need to be undertaken to understand and improve phosphate uptake and utilization in Millets to strengthen food security in the developing world.
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microsatellite markers of finger Millet eleusine coracana l gaertn and foxtail Millet setaria italica l beauv provide resources for cross genome transferability and genetic diversity analyses in other Millets
Biocatalysis and agricultural biotechnology, 2018Co-Authors: T Ajeesh P Krishna, Theivanayagam Maharajan, Antony S Ceasar, Host Antony R David, M Ramakrishnan, Veeramuthu Duraipandiyan, Victor G Roch, Savarimuthu IgnacimuthuAbstract:Abstract The cross-genome transferability of 101 simple sequence repeats (SSR) markers of finger Millet and 26 SSR markers of foxtail Millet were analyzed in 8 other Millets. In total, 33 finger Millet and 2 foxtail Millet SSR markers showed 100% cross-genome transferability in other Millets. The cross-genome transferability of 101 finger Millet and 26 foxtail Millet SSR markers ranged from 47.52% to 61.38% and from 30.76% to 69.23% respectively. Expressed sequence tags SSR (EST-SSR) markers of finger Millet showed higher level of cross-genome transferability than genomic SSR (gSSR) markers. The observed polymorphic information content (PIC) values were the same for finger Millet and foxtail Millet SSR markers which ranged from 0.14 to 1.00. Further, these data were also used for genetic diversity analysis among 8 Millets using the software version 2.1 of NTSYSpc tool and PAST version 2. All Millet species were grouped into one major cluster based on finger Millet SSR markers, through UPGMA analysis. But two major clusters were observed by the analysis using foxtail Millet SSR markers. Similarity value ranged from 0.238 to 0.714. Higher bootstrap values were observed in all cluster nodes. Successful analysis of genetic diversity was also confirmed by PCO and PCA analyses. This study would pave the way to understand the genetic structure of many nutritionally important Millets lacking genomic resources. The SSR markers can also be used for further studies on analysis of genetic variation, population structure and germplasm characterization of Millets.
Savarimuthu Ignacimuthu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Phosphate supply influenced the growth, yield and expression of PHT1 family phosphate transporters in seven Millets
Planta, 2019Co-Authors: Theivanayagam Maharajan, Thumadath Palayullaparambil Ajeesh Krishna, Stanislaus Antony Ceasar, Savarimuthu IgnacimuthuAbstract:Main conclusionPhosphate starvation altered the root morphology and phosphate uptake with the induction of PHT1 family transporter genes in root and shoot tissues of seven Millets.AbstractMillets are nutrient-rich cereals majorly cultivated in Asia and Africa. Foxtail Millet (FoxM), pearl Millet (PeaM), finger Millet (FinM), kodo Millet (KodM), little Millet (LitM), proso Millet (ProM), and barnyard Millet (BarM) were examined for the influence of external phosphorous (P) supply on phenotypic traits, P uptake, yield, and PHosphate Transporter1 ( PHT1 ) family gene expression. Millet seedlings grown under low Pi condition (LPC) produced significantly lower mean values for all traits except for lateral root length (LRL) and lateral root number (LRN) which were increased under LPC. Under LPC, seed weight (SW) also reduced by > 75% and had significantly lower levels of total P (TP) and Pi contents in leaf and root tissues. Expression dynamics of 12 PHT1 family ( PHT1;1 – 1;12 ) transporters genes were analyzed in 7 Millets. PHT1 ; 2 has been found to be a constitutive transporter gene in all Millets. Under LPC, root tissues showed the overexpression of PHT1 ; 2 , 1 ; 3 , 1 ; 4 and 1 ; 9 in FoxM, PHT1 ; 1 , 1 ; 2 , 1 ; 3 , 1 ; 4 , 1 ; 8 and 1 ; 10 in PeaM, PHT1 ; 2 and 1;3 in FinM and ProM and PHT1 ; 3 , 1;6 and 1 ; 11 in BarM. In leaf, LPC induced the expression of PHT1 ; 3 , 1 ; 4 and 1;6 in FoxM, PHT1 ; 2 , 1 ; 3 , 1 ; 4 and 1 ; 8 in PeaM, PHT1 ; 2 , 1 ; 3 and 1 ; 4 in FinM and KodM, PHT1 ; 2 in LitM and PHT1 ; 4 in ProM and BarnM. This comprehensive study on the influence of P in phenotype, physiology, and molecular responses may help to improve the P uptake and its use efficiency of Millets in future.
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microsatellite markers of finger Millet eleusine coracana l gaertn and foxtail Millet setaria italica l beauv provide resources for cross genome transferability and genetic diversity analyses in other Millets
Biocatalysis and agricultural biotechnology, 2018Co-Authors: T Ajeesh P Krishna, Theivanayagam Maharajan, Antony S Ceasar, Host Antony R David, M Ramakrishnan, Veeramuthu Duraipandiyan, Victor G Roch, Savarimuthu IgnacimuthuAbstract:Abstract The cross-genome transferability of 101 simple sequence repeats (SSR) markers of finger Millet and 26 SSR markers of foxtail Millet were analyzed in 8 other Millets. In total, 33 finger Millet and 2 foxtail Millet SSR markers showed 100% cross-genome transferability in other Millets. The cross-genome transferability of 101 finger Millet and 26 foxtail Millet SSR markers ranged from 47.52% to 61.38% and from 30.76% to 69.23% respectively. Expressed sequence tags SSR (EST-SSR) markers of finger Millet showed higher level of cross-genome transferability than genomic SSR (gSSR) markers. The observed polymorphic information content (PIC) values were the same for finger Millet and foxtail Millet SSR markers which ranged from 0.14 to 1.00. Further, these data were also used for genetic diversity analysis among 8 Millets using the software version 2.1 of NTSYSpc tool and PAST version 2. All Millet species were grouped into one major cluster based on finger Millet SSR markers, through UPGMA analysis. But two major clusters were observed by the analysis using foxtail Millet SSR markers. Similarity value ranged from 0.238 to 0.714. Higher bootstrap values were observed in all cluster nodes. Successful analysis of genetic diversity was also confirmed by PCO and PCA analyses. This study would pave the way to understand the genetic structure of many nutritionally important Millets lacking genomic resources. The SSR markers can also be used for further studies on analysis of genetic variation, population structure and germplasm characterization of Millets.
Mehanathan Muthamilarasan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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advances in setaria genomics for genetic improvement of cereals and bioenergy grasses
Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2015Co-Authors: Mehanathan Muthamilarasan, Manoj PrasadAbstract:Recent advances in Setaria genomics appear promising for genetic improvement of cereals and biofuel crops towards providing multiple securities to the steadily increasing global population. The prominent attributes of foxtail Millet (Setaria italica, cultivated) and green foxtail (S. viridis, wild) including small genome size, short life-cycle, in-breeding nature, genetic close-relatedness to several cereals, Millets and bioenergy grasses, and potential abiotic stress tolerance have accentuated these two Setaria species as novel model system for studying C4 photosynthesis, stress biology and biofuel traits. Considering this, studies have been performed on structural and functional genomics of these plants to develop genetic and genomic resources, and to delineate the physiology and molecular biology of stress tolerance, for the improvement of Millets, cereals and bioenergy grasses. The release of foxtail Millet genome sequence has provided a new dimension to Setaria genomics, resulting in large-scale development of genetic and genomic tools, construction of informative databases, and genome-wide association and functional genomic studies. In this context, this review discusses the advancements made in Setaria genomics, which have generated a considerable knowledge that could be used for the improvement of Millets, cereals and biofuel crops. Further, this review also shows the nutritional potential of foxtail Millet in providing health benefits to global population and provides a preliminary information on introgressing the nutritional properties in graminaceous species through molecular breeding and transgene-based approaches.
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development of novel microrna based genetic markers in foxtail Millet for genotyping applications in related grass species
Molecular Breeding, 2014Co-Authors: Chandra Bhan Yadav, Mehanathan Muthamilarasan, Garima Pandey, Yusuf Khan, Manoj PrasadAbstract:DNA markers are important in molecular breeding, and, hence, considering its prominence, a variety of DNA-based molecular markers have been explored and developed for expediting crop improvement programs. microRNA (miRNA)-based molecular marker is a type of functional markers exploited predominantly in animal sciences, but reported in very few plants. Considering the efficacy, stability and transferability potential of the miRNA-based markers, the present study was conducted to develop these markers in the model crop foxtail Millet. The pre-miRNA sequences of foxtail Millet and other related grasses including rice, maize, wheat, sorghum and Brachypodium were retrieved and aligned for identifying the conserved regions. One hundred and seventy-six primer pairs were designed for these consensus sequences, and all these 176 miRNA-based markers were mapped onto foxtail Millet genome. Of the 176 markers, 66 were chosen for further experimentations based on representing the nine chromosomes of foxtail Millet and presence of highly conserved regions. All the 66 markers showed 100 % amplification in five cultivars of foxtail Millet. Moreover, all the markers showed a higher level of cross-genera transferability potential with an average of ~67 % in Millets and non-Millet species. This is the first report on the development of novel miRNA-based markers in foxtail Millet. Promisingly, these markers would serve as novel genotyping tool for various molecular breeding approaches aiming at crop improvement in Millets and non-Millet species.
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comprehensive genome wide identification and expression profiling of foxtail Millet setaria italica l mirnas in response to abiotic stress and development of mirna database
Plant Cell Tissue and Organ Culture, 2014Co-Authors: Yusuf Khan, Mehanathan Muthamilarasan, Chandra Bhan Yadav, Amita Yadav, Venkata Suresh Bonthala, Manoj PrasadAbstract:MicroRNA (miRNA)-guided post-transcriptional regulation is an important mechanism of gene regulation during multiple biological processes including response to abiotic stresses. Foxtail Millet is a model crop, which is genetically closely related to several bioenergy grasses and also known for its potential abiotic stress tolerance. Hence deciphering the role of miRNAs in regulating stress-responsive mechanism would enable imparting durable stress tolerance in both Millets and bioenergy grasses. Considering this, a comprehensive genome-wide in silico analysis was performed in foxtail Millet which identified 355 mature miRNAs along with their secondary structure as well as corresponding targets. Predicted miRNA targets were found to encode various DNA binding proteins, transcription factors or important functional enzymes, which could be the crucial regulators in plant abiotic stress responses. All the 355 miRNAs were physically mapped onto the foxtail Millet genome and in silico tissue-specific expression for these miRNAs were studied. Comparative mapping of the 355 miRNAs between foxtail Millet and other related grass species would assist miRNA studies in these genetically closely-related plants. Expression profiling was performed for eight candidate miRNAs under diverse abiotic stresses in foxtail Millet, which unravelled the putative involvement of these miRNAs in stress tolerance. With an aim of providing the generated miRNA marker information to the global scientific community, a foxtail Millet MiRNA Database (FmMiRNADb: http://59.163.192.91/FmMiRNADb/index.html) has also been constructed. Overall, the present study provides novel insights onto the role of miRNAs in abiotic stress tolerance and would promisingly expedite research on post-transcriptional regulation of stress-related genes in Millets and bioenergy grasses.
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development of 5123 intron length polymorphic markers for large scale genotyping applications in foxtail Millet
DNA Research, 2014Co-Authors: Mehanathan Muthamilarasan, Garima Pandey, Venkata B Suresh, Kajal Kumari, Swarup K Parida, Manoj PrasadAbstract:Generating genomic resources in terms ofmolecularmarkers is imperative in molecularbreeding forcrop improvement.Thoughdevelopment and application ofmicrosatellite markers inlarge-scalewas reported in the model crop foxtail Millet, no such large-scale study was conducted for intron-length polymorphic (ILP) markers. Considering this, we developed 5123 ILP markers, of which 4049 were physically mapped onto 9 chromosomesoffoxtailMillet.BLASTanalysisof5123expressedsequencetags(ESTs)suggestedthefunction for ∼71.5% ESTs and grouped them into 5 different functional categories. About 440 selected primer pairs representingthefoxtailMilletgenomeandthedifferentfunctionalgroupsshowedhigh-levelofcross-genera amplification at an average of ∼85% in eight Millets and five non-Millet species. The efficacy of the ILP markers for distinguishing the foxtail Millet is demonstrated by observed heterozygosity (0.20) and Nei’s averagegenediversity(0.22).InsilicocomparativemappingofphysicallymappedILPmarkersdemonstrated substantial percentage of sequence-based orthology and syntenic relationship between foxtail Millet chromosomes and sorghum (∼50%), maize (∼46%), rice (∼21%) and Brachypodium (∼21%) chromosomes. Hence, for the first time, we developed large-scale ILP markers in foxtail Millet and demonstrated their utility in germplasm characterization, transferability, phylogenetics and comparative mapping studies in Millets and bioenergy grass species.
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development of essr markers in setaria italica and their applicability in studying genetic diversity cross transferability and comparative mapping in Millet and non Millet species
PLOS ONE, 2013Co-Authors: Kajal Kumari, Mehanathan Muthamilarasan, Swarup K Parida, Debasis Chattopadhyay, Sarika Gupta, Gopal Misra, A Subramanian, Manoj PrasadAbstract:Foxtail Millet (Setariaitalica L.) is a tractable experimental model crop for studying functional genomics of Millets and bioenergy grasses. But the limited availability of genomic resources, particularly expressed sequence-based genic markers is significantly impeding its genetic improvement. Considering this, we attempted to develop EST-derived-SSR (eSSR) markers and utilize them in germplasm characterization, cross-genera transferability and in silico comparative mapping. From 66,027 foxtail Millet EST sequences 24,828 non-redundant ESTs were deduced, representing ~16 Mb, which revealed 534 (~2%) eSSRs in 495 SSR containing ESTs at a frequency of 1/30 kb. A total of 447 pp were successfully designed, of which 327 were mapped physically onto nine chromosomes. About 106 selected primer pairs representing the foxtail Millet genome showed high-level of cross-genera amplification at an average of ~88% in eight Millets and four non-Millet species. Broad range of genetic diversity (0.02–0.65) obtained in constructed phylogenetic tree using 40 eSSR markers demonstrated its utility in germplasm characterizations and phylogenetics. Comparative mapping of physically mapped eSSR markers showed considerable proportion of sequence-based orthology and syntenic relationship between foxtail Millet chromosomes and sorghum (~68%), maize (~61%) and rice (~42%) chromosomes. Synteny analysis of eSSRs of foxtail Millet, rice, maize and sorghum suggested the nested chromosome fusion frequently observed in grass genomes. Thus, for the first time we had generated large-scale eSSR markers in foxtail Millet and demonstrated their utility in germplasm characterization, transferability, phylogenetics and comparative mapping studies in Millets and bioenergy grass species.
Theivanayagam Maharajan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Phosphate supply influenced the growth, yield and expression of PHT1 family phosphate transporters in seven Millets
Planta, 2019Co-Authors: Theivanayagam Maharajan, Thumadath Palayullaparambil Ajeesh Krishna, Stanislaus Antony Ceasar, Savarimuthu IgnacimuthuAbstract:Main conclusionPhosphate starvation altered the root morphology and phosphate uptake with the induction of PHT1 family transporter genes in root and shoot tissues of seven Millets.AbstractMillets are nutrient-rich cereals majorly cultivated in Asia and Africa. Foxtail Millet (FoxM), pearl Millet (PeaM), finger Millet (FinM), kodo Millet (KodM), little Millet (LitM), proso Millet (ProM), and barnyard Millet (BarM) were examined for the influence of external phosphorous (P) supply on phenotypic traits, P uptake, yield, and PHosphate Transporter1 ( PHT1 ) family gene expression. Millet seedlings grown under low Pi condition (LPC) produced significantly lower mean values for all traits except for lateral root length (LRL) and lateral root number (LRN) which were increased under LPC. Under LPC, seed weight (SW) also reduced by > 75% and had significantly lower levels of total P (TP) and Pi contents in leaf and root tissues. Expression dynamics of 12 PHT1 family ( PHT1;1 – 1;12 ) transporters genes were analyzed in 7 Millets. PHT1 ; 2 has been found to be a constitutive transporter gene in all Millets. Under LPC, root tissues showed the overexpression of PHT1 ; 2 , 1 ; 3 , 1 ; 4 and 1 ; 9 in FoxM, PHT1 ; 1 , 1 ; 2 , 1 ; 3 , 1 ; 4 , 1 ; 8 and 1 ; 10 in PeaM, PHT1 ; 2 and 1;3 in FinM and ProM and PHT1 ; 3 , 1;6 and 1 ; 11 in BarM. In leaf, LPC induced the expression of PHT1 ; 3 , 1 ; 4 and 1;6 in FoxM, PHT1 ; 2 , 1 ; 3 , 1 ; 4 and 1 ; 8 in PeaM, PHT1 ; 2 , 1 ; 3 and 1 ; 4 in FinM and KodM, PHT1 ; 2 in LitM and PHT1 ; 4 in ProM and BarnM. This comprehensive study on the influence of P in phenotype, physiology, and molecular responses may help to improve the P uptake and its use efficiency of Millets in future.
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microsatellite markers of finger Millet eleusine coracana l gaertn and foxtail Millet setaria italica l beauv provide resources for cross genome transferability and genetic diversity analyses in other Millets
Biocatalysis and agricultural biotechnology, 2018Co-Authors: T Ajeesh P Krishna, Theivanayagam Maharajan, Antony S Ceasar, Host Antony R David, M Ramakrishnan, Veeramuthu Duraipandiyan, Victor G Roch, Savarimuthu IgnacimuthuAbstract:Abstract The cross-genome transferability of 101 simple sequence repeats (SSR) markers of finger Millet and 26 SSR markers of foxtail Millet were analyzed in 8 other Millets. In total, 33 finger Millet and 2 foxtail Millet SSR markers showed 100% cross-genome transferability in other Millets. The cross-genome transferability of 101 finger Millet and 26 foxtail Millet SSR markers ranged from 47.52% to 61.38% and from 30.76% to 69.23% respectively. Expressed sequence tags SSR (EST-SSR) markers of finger Millet showed higher level of cross-genome transferability than genomic SSR (gSSR) markers. The observed polymorphic information content (PIC) values were the same for finger Millet and foxtail Millet SSR markers which ranged from 0.14 to 1.00. Further, these data were also used for genetic diversity analysis among 8 Millets using the software version 2.1 of NTSYSpc tool and PAST version 2. All Millet species were grouped into one major cluster based on finger Millet SSR markers, through UPGMA analysis. But two major clusters were observed by the analysis using foxtail Millet SSR markers. Similarity value ranged from 0.238 to 0.714. Higher bootstrap values were observed in all cluster nodes. Successful analysis of genetic diversity was also confirmed by PCO and PCA analyses. This study would pave the way to understand the genetic structure of many nutritionally important Millets lacking genomic resources. The SSR markers can also be used for further studies on analysis of genetic variation, population structure and germplasm characterization of Millets.
