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Dirk Reheul - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • effect of organic and Mineral Fertilizers on soil p and c levels crop yield and p leaching in a long term trial on a silt loam soil
    Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment, 2014
    Co-Authors: T Vanden Nest, Bart Vandecasteele, Greet Ruysschaert, Mathias Cougnon, Roel Merckx, Dirk Reheul
    Abstract:

    The main objective of the present study was to compare fertilizer types in their ability to increase the soil organic matter content without increasing potential P leaching losses. Differences in soil organic carbon content, crop yield, P-CaCl2, P-AL, P export by the crop and P leaching from soil supplied with three compost types, cattle slurry, farmyard manure or Mineral Fertilizers were compared in a 8 years field experiment with arable, vegetable and fodder crops. P leaching losses were assessed separately in a soil column leaching experiment. As expected, farmyard manure and compost are the better options to increase the soil organic carbon level. Cattle slurry and Mineral Fertilizers tended to produce lower crop yields. P-CaCl2 was increased when farmyard manure was used as organic fertilizer, leading to an increased P leaching but not to an increased crop P export. Therefore it seems that the higher dissolved P concentrations in the soil solution for farmyard manure, measured as P-CaCl2 in the soil, are a source of potential P losses. All three compost types could gradually increase soil organic carbon levels without increasing P leaching losses.

Kate M Scow - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • long term effects of Mineral Fertilizers on soil microorganisms a review
    Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 2014
    Co-Authors: Daniel Geisseler, Kate M Scow
    Abstract:

    Abstract Increasing nutrient inputs into terrestrial ecosystems affect not only plant communities but also associated soil microbial communities. Studies carried out in predominantly unmanaged ecosystems have found that increasing nitrogen (N) inputs generally decrease soil microbial biomass; less is known about long-term impacts in managed systems such as agroecosystems. The objective of this paper was to analyze the responses of soil microorganisms to Mineral fertilizer using data from long-term fertilization trials in cropping systems. A meta-analysis based on 107 datasets from 64 long-term trials from around the world revealed that Mineral fertilizer application led to a 15.1% increase in the microbial biomass (Cmic) above levels in unfertilized control treatments. Mineral fertilization also increased soil organic carbon (Corg) content and our results suggest that Corg is a major factor contributing to the overall increase in Cmic with Mineral fertilization. The magnitude of the effect of fertilization on Cmic was pH dependent. While fertilization tended to reduce Cmic in soils with a pH below 5 in the fertilized treatment, it had a significantly positive effect at higher soil pH values. Duration of the trial also affected the response of Cmic to fertilization, with increases in Cmic most pronounced in studies with a duration of at least 20 years. The input of N per se does not seem to negatively affect Cmic in cropping systems. The application of urea and ammonia Fertilizers, however, can temporarily increase pH, osmotic potential and ammonia concentrations to levels inhibitory to microbial communities. Even though impacts of Fertilizers are spatially limited, they may strongly affect soil microbial biomass and community composition in the short term. Long-term repeated Mineral N applications may alter microbial community composition even when pH changes are small. How specific microbial groups respond to repeated applications of Mineral Fertilizers, however, varies considerably and seems to depend on environmental and crop management related factors.

T Vanden Nest - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • effect of organic and Mineral Fertilizers on soil p and c levels crop yield and p leaching in a long term trial on a silt loam soil
    Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment, 2014
    Co-Authors: T Vanden Nest, Bart Vandecasteele, Greet Ruysschaert, Mathias Cougnon, Roel Merckx, Dirk Reheul
    Abstract:

    The main objective of the present study was to compare fertilizer types in their ability to increase the soil organic matter content without increasing potential P leaching losses. Differences in soil organic carbon content, crop yield, P-CaCl2, P-AL, P export by the crop and P leaching from soil supplied with three compost types, cattle slurry, farmyard manure or Mineral Fertilizers were compared in a 8 years field experiment with arable, vegetable and fodder crops. P leaching losses were assessed separately in a soil column leaching experiment. As expected, farmyard manure and compost are the better options to increase the soil organic carbon level. Cattle slurry and Mineral Fertilizers tended to produce lower crop yields. P-CaCl2 was increased when farmyard manure was used as organic fertilizer, leading to an increased P leaching but not to an increased crop P export. Therefore it seems that the higher dissolved P concentrations in the soil solution for farmyard manure, measured as P-CaCl2 in the soil, are a source of potential P losses. All three compost types could gradually increase soil organic carbon levels without increasing P leaching losses.

Daniel Geisseler - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • long term effects of Mineral Fertilizers on soil microorganisms a review
    Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 2014
    Co-Authors: Daniel Geisseler, Kate M Scow
    Abstract:

    Abstract Increasing nutrient inputs into terrestrial ecosystems affect not only plant communities but also associated soil microbial communities. Studies carried out in predominantly unmanaged ecosystems have found that increasing nitrogen (N) inputs generally decrease soil microbial biomass; less is known about long-term impacts in managed systems such as agroecosystems. The objective of this paper was to analyze the responses of soil microorganisms to Mineral fertilizer using data from long-term fertilization trials in cropping systems. A meta-analysis based on 107 datasets from 64 long-term trials from around the world revealed that Mineral fertilizer application led to a 15.1% increase in the microbial biomass (Cmic) above levels in unfertilized control treatments. Mineral fertilization also increased soil organic carbon (Corg) content and our results suggest that Corg is a major factor contributing to the overall increase in Cmic with Mineral fertilization. The magnitude of the effect of fertilization on Cmic was pH dependent. While fertilization tended to reduce Cmic in soils with a pH below 5 in the fertilized treatment, it had a significantly positive effect at higher soil pH values. Duration of the trial also affected the response of Cmic to fertilization, with increases in Cmic most pronounced in studies with a duration of at least 20 years. The input of N per se does not seem to negatively affect Cmic in cropping systems. The application of urea and ammonia Fertilizers, however, can temporarily increase pH, osmotic potential and ammonia concentrations to levels inhibitory to microbial communities. Even though impacts of Fertilizers are spatially limited, they may strongly affect soil microbial biomass and community composition in the short term. Long-term repeated Mineral N applications may alter microbial community composition even when pH changes are small. How specific microbial groups respond to repeated applications of Mineral Fertilizers, however, varies considerably and seems to depend on environmental and crop management related factors.

Rennan Geovanny Oliveira Araujo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • simultaneous determination of macronutrients micronutrients and trace elements in Mineral Fertilizers by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry
    Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy, 2014
    Co-Authors: Sidnei Oliveira Souza, Silvânio Silverio Lopes Da Costa, Dayane Melo Santos, Jessica Dos Santos Pinto, Carlos Alexandre Borges Garcia, Jose Do Patrocinio Hora Alves, Rennan Geovanny Oliveira Araujo
    Abstract:

    Abstract An analytical method for simultaneous determination of macronutrients (Ca, Mg, Na and P), micronutrients (Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn) and trace elements (Al, As, Cd, Pb and V) in Mineral Fertilizers was optimized. Two-level full factorial design was applied to evaluate the optimal proportions of reagents used in the sample digestion on hot plate. A Doehlert design for two variables was used to evaluate the operating conditions of the inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer in order to accomplish the simultaneous determination of the analyte concentrations. The limits of quantification (LOQs) ranged from 2.0 mg kg − 1 for Mn to 77.3 mg kg − 1 for P. The accuracy and precision of the proposed method were evaluated by analysis of standard reference materials (SRMs) of Western phosphate rock (NIST 694), Florida phosphate rock (NIST 120C) and Trace elements in multi-nutrient fertilizer (NIST 695), considered to be adequate for simultaneous determination. Twenty-one samples of Mineral Fertilizers collected in Sergipe State, Brazil, were analyzed. For all samples, the As, Ca, Cd and Pb concentrations were below the LOQ values of the analytical method. For As, Cd and Pb the obtained LOQ values were below the maximum limit allowed by the Brazilian Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food Supply (Ministerio da Agricultura, Pecuaria e Abastecimento — MAPA). The optimized method presented good accuracy and was effectively applied to quantitative simultaneous determination of the analytes in Mineral Fertilizers by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES).