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Chinglin Hsieh - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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test retest reliability and Minimal Detectable Change of the d2 test of attention in patients with schizophrenia
Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 2018Co-Authors: Wenshian Lu, Chinglin HsiehAbstract:Objective: The d2 Test of Attention (D2) is a commonly used measure of selective attention for patients with schizophrenia. However, its test-retest reliability and Minimal Detectable Change (MDC) are unknown in patients with schizophrenia, limiting its utility in both clinical and research settings. The aim of the present study was to examine the test-retest reliability and MDC of the D2 in patients with schizophrenia. Method: A rater administered the D2 on 108 patients with schizophrenia twice at a 1-month interval. Test-retest reliability was determined through the calculation of the intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC). We also carried out Bland-Altman analysis, which included a scatter plot of the differences between test and retest against their mean. Systematic biases were evaluated by use of a paired t-test. Results: The ICCs for the D2 ranged from 0.78 to 0.94. The MDCs (MDC%) of the seven subscores were 102.3 (29.7), 19.4 (85.0), 7.2 (94.6), 21.0 (69.0), 104.0 (33.1), 105.0 (35.8), and 7.8 (47.8), which represented limited-to-acceptable random measurement error. Trends in the Bland-Altman plots of the omissions (E1), commissions (E2), and errors (E) were noted, presenting that the data had heteroscedasticity. Conclusions: According to the results, the D2 had good test-retest reliability, especially in the scores of TN, TN-E, and CP. For the further research, finding a way to improve the administration procedure to reduce random measurement error would be important for the E1, E2, E, and FR subscores.
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Minimal Detectable Change on the lawton instrumental activities of daily living scale in community dwelling patients with schizophrenia
American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 2018Co-Authors: Sheauling Huang, Wenshian Lu, Hsuanwen Wang, Chinglin HsiehAbstract:: The main purpose of this study was to estimate the Minimal Detectable Change (MDC) on the Lawton Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (LIADL) scale in community-dwelling patients with schizophrenia. Fifty-seven patients completed the LIADL assessment twice, about 14 days apart. Two scoring methods (dichotomous and polytomous) were used to record the patients' performance on the LIADL scale. The MDCs of the LIADL scale were 1.5 (dichotomous) and 4.4 (polytomous) points. The MDC percentages were 22.0% (dichotomous) and 22.5% (polytomous), both of which are within acceptable measurement errors. The test-retest reliabilities of the LIADL scale were both acceptable with two different scoring methods (dichotomous = .75; polytomous = .76). Users can choose the scoring method according to their individual needs.
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test retest reliability and Minimal Detectable Change of two simplified 3 point balance measures in patients with stroke
European Journal of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, 2017Co-Authors: Yi Miau Chen, Yi Jing Huang, Chien Yu Huang, Lih Jiun Liaw, Chinglin HsiehAbstract:BACKGROUND: The 3-point Berg Balance Scale (BBS-3P) and 3-point Postural Assessment Scale for Stroke Patients (PASS-3P) were simplified from the BBS and PASS to overcome the complex scoring systems. The BBS-3P and PASS-3P were more feasible in busy clinical practice and showed similarly sound validity and responsiveness to the original measures. However, the reliability of the BBS-3P and PASS-3P is unknown limiting their utility and the interpretability of scores. AIM: We aimed to examine the test-retest reliability and Minimal Detectable Change (MDC) of the BBS-3P and PASS-3P in patients with stroke. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: The rehabilitation departments of a medical center and a community hospital. POPULATION: A total of 51 chronic stroke patients (64.7% male). METHODS: Both balance measures were administered twice 7 days apart. The test-retest reliability of both the BBS-3P and PASS-3P were examined by intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC). The MDC and its percentage over the total score (MDC%) of each measure was calculated for examining the random measurement errors. RESULTS: The ICC values of the BBS-3P and PASS-3P were 0.99 and 0.97, respectively. The MDC% (MDC) of the BBS-3P and PASS-3P were 9.1% (5.1 points) and 8.4% (3.0 points), respectively, indicating that both measures had small and acceptable random measurement errors. CONCLUSIONS: Our results showed that both the BBS-3P and the PASS-3P had good test-retest reliability, with small and acceptable random measurement error. These two simplified 3-level balance measures can provide reliable results over time. CLINICAL REHABILITATION IMPACT: Our findings support the repeated administration of the BBS-3P and PASS-3P to monitor the balance of patients with stroke. The MDC values can help clinicians and researchers interpret the Change scores more precisely.
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Minimal Detectable Change of the personal and social performance scale in individuals with schizophrenia
Psychiatry Research-neuroimaging, 2016Co-Authors: Shihfen Tang, Wenshian Lu, Sheauling Huang, Naiyu Deng, Chinglin HsiehAbstract:Abstract The Minimal Detectable Change (MDC) of the Personal and Social Performance scale (PSP) has not yet been investigated, limiting its utility in data interpretation. The purpose of this study was to determine the MDCs of the PSP administered by the same rater or different raters in individuals with schizophrenia. Participants with schizophrenia were recruited from two psychiatric community rehabilitation centers to complete the PSP assessments twice, 2 weeks apart, by the same rater or 2 different raters. MDC values were calculated from the coefficients of intra- and inter-rater reliability (i.e., intraclass correlation coefficients). Forty patients (mean age 36.9 years, SD 9.7) from one center participated in the intra-rater reliability study. Another 40 patients (mean age 44.3 years, SD 11.1) from the other center participated in the inter-rater study. The MDCs (MDC%) of the PSP were 10.7 (17.1%) for the same rater and 16.2 (24.1%) for different raters. The MDCs of the PSP appeared appropriate for clinical trials aiming to determine whether a real Change in social functioning has occurred in people with schizophrenia.
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the test retest reliability and the Minimal Detectable Change of the purdue pegboard test in schizophrenia
Journal of the Formosan Medical Association, 2013Co-Authors: Chipang Lu, Wenshian Lu, Chinglin HsiehAbstract:Background/Purpose The Purdue pegboard test is widely used in measuring the hand dexterity of patients with schizophrenia. In patients with schizophrenia, the test–retest reliability and Minimal Detectable Change (MDC) of this test remain largely unknown, limiting the interpretability of this popular measure. The purpose of this study was to estimate the test–retest reliability and the MDC of the Purdue pegboard test for patients with schizophrenia. Methods A total of 147 patients with schizophrenia participated in this study. The participants were administrated the five subtests of the Purdue pegboard test, three trials in a row at both of the two sessions 1 week apart. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to examine the test–retest reliability and the MDC was calculated on the basis of standard error of measurement. Results The test–retest reliabilities of the five subtests were moderate to good (ICC = 0.73–0.88). The MDC (MDC%) was 3.0 (22.9%) for the dominant hand subtest, 3.1 (26.1%) for the nondominant hand subtest, 3.0 (31.7%) for the both hands subtest, 6.1 (17.7%) for the dominant + nondominant + both hands subtest, and 8.5 (35.3%) for the assembly subtest. Conclusion Our results reveal that the Purdue pegboard test has moderate-to-good test–retest reliability but substantial random measurement error. These findings should enable clinicians and researchers to monitor and interpret the Changes in the hand dexterity of patients with schizophrenia more accurately and confidently.
Joy C Macdermid - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Minimal Detectable Change thresholds and responsiveness of zephyr bioharness fitbit charge devices
Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 2017Co-Authors: Goris Nazari, Joy C MacdermidAbstract:The aim of the current study was to define the Minimal Detectable Change (MDC) thresholds for Zephyr Bioharness (ZB) and Fitbit Charge Heart Rate (FC-HR) variables and to establish the internal responsiveness of ZB and FC-HR devices in terms of their HR, respiratory rate variables, and number of steps taken variables, in a healthy sample of men and women at resting, submaximal activity and throughout recovery phases. A total of sixty participants (30 women, 48 +/- 15) and (30 men, 48 +/- 15) were recruited using stratified convenience and snowball sampling approaches from our university student, staff, and faculty population. At rest, MDC90 values of +/-4.89 and +/-5.15 were noted for ZB and FC-HR devices, respectively. Throughout the recovery, thresholds of +/-8.14 for ZB and 8.74 for FC-HR were reported. During the submaximal phases, scores of +/-8.18 and +/-9.35 were established for ZB and FC-HR, respectively. From a resting to a submaximal state, the standardized response means (SRMs) for ZB and FC-HR variables exhibited large responsiveness of SRMZB-HR = 4.42; SRMFC-HR = 4.04. In addition, the ZB respiratory rate variable showed the largest effect size of SRMZB-RR = 2.55. Similarly, the large effect size of SRMFC-ST = 1.76 was reported for the FC-HR steps taken variable. From a submaximal to a recovery state, the SRMs for ZB and FC-HR variables demonstrated effect sizes of SRMZB-HR = -3.10; SRMFC-HR = -3.12. Furthermore, the ZB respiratory rate variable displayed similar internal responsiveness measures of SRMZB-RR = -2.45. To conclude, Similar MDC HR thresholds can be expected using the ZB and FC-HR devices and that the two devices demonstrated large internal responsiveness in our healthy male and female cohort when transitioning from resting to submaximal states and vice-versa. Our findings suggest that the ZB and FC-HR devices can be used in monitoring performance improvements or deterioration over time and would allow qualified personnel in assessing the effectiveness of exercise programs in healthy individuals.
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Minimal Detectable Change Thresholds and Responsiveness of Zephyr Bioharness & Fitbit Charge Devices.
Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 2017Co-Authors: Goris Nazari, Joy C MacdermidAbstract:The aim of the current study was to define the Minimal Detectable Change (MDC) thresholds for Zephyr Bioharness (ZB) and Fitbit Charge Heart Rate (FC-HR) variables and to establish the internal responsiveness of ZB and FC-HR devices in terms of their HR, respiratory rate variables, and number of steps taken variables, in a healthy sample of men and women at resting, submaximal activity and throughout recovery phases. A total of sixty participants (30 women, 48 +/- 15) and (30 men, 48 +/- 15) were recruited using stratified convenience and snowball sampling approaches from our university student, staff, and faculty population. At rest, MDC90 values of +/-4.89 and +/-5.15 were noted for ZB and FC-HR devices, respectively. Throughout the recovery, thresholds of +/-8.14 for ZB and 8.74 for FC-HR were reported. During the submaximal phases, scores of +/-8.18 and +/-9.35 were established for ZB and FC-HR, respectively. From a resting to a submaximal state, the standardized response means (SRMs) for ZB and FC-HR variables exhibited large responsiveness of SRMZB-HR = 4.42; SRMFC-HR = 4.04. In addition, the ZB respiratory rate variable showed the largest effect size of SRMZB-RR = 2.55. Similarly, the large effect size of SRMFC-ST = 1.76 was reported for the FC-HR steps taken variable. From a submaximal to a recovery state, the SRMs for ZB and FC-HR variables demonstrated effect sizes of SRMZB-HR = -3.10; SRMFC-HR = -3.12. Furthermore, the ZB respiratory rate variable displayed similar internal responsiveness measures of SRMZB-RR = -2.45. To conclude, Similar MDC HR thresholds can be expected using the ZB and FC-HR devices and that the two devices demonstrated large internal responsiveness in our healthy male and female cohort when transitioning from resting to submaximal states and vice-versa. Our findings suggest that the ZB and FC-HR devices can be used in monitoring performance improvements or deterioration over time and would allow qualified personnel in assessing the effectiveness of exercise programs in healthy individuals.
Chingyi Wu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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validity responsiveness Minimal Detectable Change and Minimal clinically important Change of pediatric balance scale in children with cerebral palsy
Research in Developmental Disabilities, 2013Co-Authors: Chialing Chen, Chingyi Wu, Ihsuan Shen, Chungyao Chen, Chiaying ChungAbstract:Abstract This study examined criterion-related validity and clinimetric properties of the pediatric balance scale (PBS) in children with cerebral palsy (CP). Forty-five children with CP (age range: 19–77 months) and their parents participated in this study. At baseline and at follow up, Pearson correlation coefficients were used to determine criterion-related validity by analyzing the correlation between the PBS, including PBS-static, PBS-dynamic, and PBS-total, and criterion measures, including the Gross Motor Function Measure-66 items (GMFM-66) and Functional Independence Measures for Children (WeeFIM). Responsiveness was examined by paired t test and by standardized response mean (SRM). The Minimal Detectable Change (MDC) was analyzed at the 90% confidence level, and the Minimal clinically important differences (MCID) was estimated by anchor-based and distribution-based approaches. The PBS with GMFM-66 and WeeFIM showed fair-to-excellent concurrent validity at pretreatment and follow up and predictive validity. The SRM values of all PBS scales were 0.75. For the PBS-static, PBS-dynamic, and PBS-total, the MDC90 values were 0.79, 0.96, and 1.59, and the MCID ranges were 1.47–2.92, 2.23–2.92, and 3.66–5.83, respectively. Improvement of at least MDC values on the PBS can be considered a true Change, not measurement error. A mean Change must exceed the MCID range on PBS to be considered clinically important Change. Therefore, all PBS scales were moderately responsive to Change. Clinicians and researchers can use these clinimetric data for PBS to determine if a Change score represents a true or clinically meaningful effect at posttreatment and follow up.
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validity responsiveness Minimal Detectable Change and Minimal clinically important Change of the pediatric motor activity log in children with cerebral palsy
Research in Developmental Disabilities, 2012Co-Authors: Huifang Chen, Yuwei Hsieh, Chingyi Wu, Chialing Chen, Tienni Wang, Liling WuAbstract:Abstract This study examined criterion-related validity and clinimetric properties of the Pediatric Motor Activity Log (PMAL) in children with cerebral palsy. Study participants were 41 children (age range: 28–113 months) and their parents. Criterion-related validity was evaluated by the associations between the PMAL and criterion measures at baseline and posttreatment, including the self-care, mobility, and cognition subscale, the total performance of the Functional Independence Measure in children (WeeFIM), and the grasping and visual-motor integration of the Peabody Developmental Motor Scales. Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated. Responsiveness was examined using the paired t test and the standardized response mean, the Minimal Detectable Change was captured at the 90% confidence level, and the Minimal clinically important Change was estimated using anchor-based and distribution-based approaches. The PMAL-QOM showed fair concurrent validity at pretreatment and posttreatment and predictive validity, whereas the PMAL-AOU had fair concurrent validity at posttreatment only. The PMAL-AOU and PMAL-QOM were both markedly responsive to Change after treatment. Improvement of at least 0.67 points on the PMAL-AOU and 0.66 points on the PMAL-QOM can be considered as a true Change, not measurement error. A mean Change has to exceed the range of 0.39–0.94 on the PMAL-AOU and the range of 0.38–0.74 on the PMAL-QOM to be regarded as clinically important Change.
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responsiveness Minimal Detectable Change and Minimal clinically important difference of the nottingham extended activities of daily living scale in patients with improved performance after stroke rehabilitation
Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 2011Co-Authors: Chingyi Wu, Liling Chuang, Weihsien HongAbstract:Abstract Wu C-Y, Chuang L-L, Lin K-C, Lee S-D, Hong W-H. Responsiveness, Minimal Detectable Change, and Minimal clinically important difference of the Nottingham Extended Activities of Daily Living scale in patients with improved performance after stroke rehabilitation. Objectives To determine the responsiveness, Minimal Detectable Change (MDC), and Minimal clinically important differences (MCIDs) of the Nottingham Extended Activities of Daily Living (NEADL) scale and to assess percentages of patients' Change scores exceeding the MDC and MCID after stroke rehabilitation. Design Secondary analyses of patients who received stroke rehabilitation therapy. Setting Medical centers. Participants Patients with stroke (N=78). Interventions Secondary analyses of patients who received 1 of 4 rehabilitation interventions. Main Outcome Measures Responsiveness (standardized response mean [SRM]), 90% confidence that a Change score at this threshold or higher is true and reliable rather than measurement error (MDC 90 ), and MCID on the NEADL score and percentages of patients exceeding the MDC 90 and MCID. Results The SRM of the total NEADL scale was 1.3. The MDC 90 value for the total NEADL scale was 4.9, whereas minima and maxima of the MCID for total NEADL score were 2.4 and 6.1 points, respectively. Percentages of patients exceeding the MDC 90 and MCID of the total NEADL score were 50.0%, 73.1%, and 32.1%, respectively. Conclusions The NEADL is a responsive instrument relevant for measuring Change in instrumental activities of daily living after stroke rehabilitation. A patient's Change score has to reach 4.9 points on the total to indicate a true Change. The mean Change score of a stroke group on the total NEADL scale should achieve 6.1 points to be regarded as clinically important. Our findings are based on patients with improved NEADL performance after they received specific interventions. Future research with larger sample sizes is warranted to validate these estimates.
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Minimal Detectable Change and clinically important difference of the stroke impact scale in stroke patients
Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair, 2010Co-Authors: Tiffany Fu, Chingyi Wu, Yenho Wang, Chingju HsiehAbstract:Objectives. The purpose of this study was to establish the Minimal Detectable Change (MDC) and clinically important differences (CIDs) of the physical domains of the Stroke Impact Scale (SIS) and to assess the proportions of patients’ Change scores exceeding the MDC and CIDs after stroke rehabilitation. Methods. Seventy-four patients received 1 of 3 treatments for 3 weeks and underwent clinical assessment before and after treatment. The MDC was calculated from the standard error of measurement to indicate a real Change with 95% confidence for individual patients (MDC95). Anchor-based and distribution-based approaches were adopted to triangulate the ranges of Minimal CIDs. The percentage of patients exceeding MDC95 and Minimal CIDs were also calculated. Results. The MDC95 of the strength, activities of daily living/instrumental activities of daily living, mobility, and hand function subscales were 24.0, 17.3, 15.1, and 25.9, respectively. The respective Minimal CIDs for these 4 subscales were 9.2, 5.9, 4.5...
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Minimal Detectable Change and clinically important difference of the wolf motor function test in stroke patients
Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair, 2009Co-Authors: Yuwei Hsieh, Chingyi Wu, Chialing Chen, Yuh JangAbstract:Objectives. This study aimed to establish the Minimal Detectable Change (MDC) and clinically important differences (CID) of the Wolf Motor Function Test (WMFT) in patients with stroke, and to assess the proportions of patients’ Change scores exceeding the MDC and CID after stroke rehabilitation. Methods. A total of 57 patients received 1 of the 3 treatments for 3 weeks and underwent clinical assessments before and after treatment. The MDC, at 90% confidence (MDC90), was calculated from the standard error of measurement to indicate a real Change for individual patients. Anchor-based and distribution-based approaches were used to triangulate the values of Minimal CID. The percentages of patients exceeding the MDC and Minimal CID were also examined. Results. The MDC90 of the WMFT was 4.36 for the performance time (WMFT time) and 0.37 for the functional ability scale (WMFT FAS). The Minimal CID ranged from 1.5 to 2 seconds on the WMFT time and from 0.2 to 0.4 points on the WMFT FAS. The MDC and CID proportions ranged from 14% to 30% on the WMFT time and from 39% to 65% on the WMFT FAS, respectively. Conclusions. The Change score of an individual patient has to reach 4.36 and 0.37 on the WMFT time and WMFT FAS to indicate a real Change. The mean Change scores of a stroke group on the WMFT time and WMFT FAS should achieve 1.5 to 2 seconds and 0.2 to 0.4 points to be regarded as clinically important Changes. Furthermore, the WMFT FAS may be more responsive than the WMFT time based on the results of proportions exceeding the threshold criteria.
Paul W Stratford - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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when Minimal Detectable Change exceeds a diagnostic test based threshold Change value for an outcome measure resolving the conflict
Physical Therapy, 2012Co-Authors: Paul W Stratford, Daniel L RiddleAbstract:Assessing patient progress is an integral part of physical therapist practice. In an attempt to assist clinical decision making regarding a patient's Change status, researchers have offered study-based threshold Change values. Often researchers have provided reliability and diagnostic test–based estimates of threshold Change values obtained from the same patient sample. A potential dilemma occurs when the reliability (ie, the Minimal Detectable Change [MDC])–based threshold Change value exceeds the diagnostic test–based threshold value. How can a Change be detected if the threshold Change value falls within the limits of error? In this situation, researchers have recommended using the larger MDC threshold Change value. In this perspective article, we describe the interpretation of the threshold values provided by each of these estimation methods and consider which one offers information that is more meaningful to the challenge faced by physical therapists when making decisions concerning the Change status of patients. The context for our discussion is a clinical vignette that depicts the dilemma outlined above. We conclude this perspective with suggestions for researchers concerning essential information to include when reporting threshold estimates obtained from reliability–based and diagnostic test–based studies of outcome measures.
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On “Test-retest reliability and Minimal Detectable Change on balance…” Steffen T, Seney M. Phys Ther. 2008;88:733–746.
Physical Therapy, 2008Co-Authors: Paul W StratfordAbstract:Translating reliability coefficients into clinically meaningful representations of measurement error is a necessary and important step when the goal is to link clinical research to clinical practice. The study by Steffen and Seney1 investigates the reliability of several balance and ambulation tests and converts the obtained coefficients into Minimal Detectable Change (MDC) estimates. The authors apply Shrout and Fleiss2 type 3,k intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) to quantify relative reliability and, from these estimates, they calculate the standard error of measurement (SEM) to quantify measurement error in the same units as the original measurement. For some of the balance and ambulation tests, 2 trials were performed on each of 2 occasions (eg, Timed “Up & Go” Test [TUG]); for other tests (eg, Six-Minute Walk Test [6MWT]), a single measurement was performed on each of 2 occasions. In the former case, the authors reported a type 3,2 ICC; in the latter case, they presented a type 3,1 ICC. The authors’ rationale for applying the type 3,k ICC was “The ICC(3,k) was used instead of the Pearson correlation coefficient ( r ) for test-retest reliability because it assesses rating reliability by comparing the variability of different ratings of the same subject with the total variation across all ratings and all subjects.”1(pp740–741) In fact, the type 3,1 ICC provides an estimate of reliability similar to the Pearson r because neither coefficient accounts for a systematic difference in scores between the replicate measures (eg, either trials or occasions in Steffen …
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on test retest reliability and Minimal Detectable Change on balance steffen t seney m phys ther 2008 88 733 746
Physical Therapy, 2008Co-Authors: Paul W StratfordAbstract:Translating reliability coefficients into clinically meaningful representations of measurement error is a necessary and important step when the goal is to link clinical research to clinical practice. The study by Steffen and Seney1 investigates the reliability of several balance and ambulation tests and converts the obtained coefficients into Minimal Detectable Change (MDC) estimates. The authors apply Shrout and Fleiss2 type 3,k intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) to quantify relative reliability and, from these estimates, they calculate the standard error of measurement (SEM) to quantify measurement error in the same units as the original measurement. For some of the balance and ambulation tests, 2 trials were performed on each of 2 occasions (eg, Timed “Up & Go” Test [TUG]); for other tests (eg, Six-Minute Walk Test [6MWT]), a single measurement was performed on each of 2 occasions. In the former case, the authors reported a type 3,2 ICC; in the latter case, they presented a type 3,1 ICC. The authors’ rationale for applying the type 3,k ICC was “The ICC(3,k) was used instead of the Pearson correlation coefficient ( r ) for test-retest reliability because it assesses rating reliability by comparing the variability of different ratings of the same subject with the total variation across all ratings and all subjects.”1(pp740–741) In fact, the type 3,1 ICC provides an estimate of reliability similar to the Pearson r because neither coefficient accounts for a systematic difference in scores between the replicate measures (eg, either trials or occasions in Steffen …
Sarah J. Moss - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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test retest reliability and Minimal Detectable Change scores of twelve functional fitness tests in adults with down syndrome
Research in Developmental Disabilities, 2016Co-Authors: Pieter-henk Boer, Sarah J. MossAbstract:Aim The purpose of the study was to explore the test–retest reliability and Minimal Detectable Change of selected functional fitness test items in adults with Down syndrome. Methods Forty-three adults with Down syndrome (24 men and 19 women) aged 18–50 years completed a battery of tests twice in a two-week period. The battery of tests consisted of two balance items, two flexibility items, five muscular strength and endurance items, two aerobic items, and one functional task. All items were considered valid and reliable tests in a general elderly or intellectually disabled population. The test–retest relative reliability for all repeated tests was assessed with intraclass correlation coefficient performing one-way analysis of variance. The test–retest absolute variability was measured by using the standard error of measurement (SEM) to calculate the Minimal Detectable Change at the 90% confidence interval (MDC90). Reliability data was visualised with a Bland–Altman plot. Results All tests showed excellent intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC's > 0.9). All SEM values demonstrated acceptable measurement precision (SEM < SD/2). Values for MDC90 are provided for all 12 tests. The analyses indicated that there was no major systematic bias in the plots. The scatter around the Bland–Altman was distributed randomly. Conclusion All twelve functional fitness tests demonstrated adequate feasibility and relative and absolute test–retest reliability in adults with Down syndrome in South Africa. Information of this nature will help to monitor performance alterations over time and success of training interventions.
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Test-retest reliability and Minimal Detectable Change scores of twelve functional fitness tests in adults with Down syndrome.
Research in Developmental Disabilities, 2015Co-Authors: Pieter-henk Boer, Sarah J. MossAbstract:Aim The purpose of the study was to explore the test–retest reliability and Minimal Detectable Change of selected functional fitness test items in adults with Down syndrome. Methods Forty-three adults with Down syndrome (24 men and 19 women) aged 18–50 years completed a battery of tests twice in a two-week period. The battery of tests consisted of two balance items, two flexibility items, five muscular strength and endurance items, two aerobic items, and one functional task. All items were considered valid and reliable tests in a general elderly or intellectually disabled population. The test–retest relative reliability for all repeated tests was assessed with intraclass correlation coefficient performing one-way analysis of variance. The test–retest absolute variability was measured by using the standard error of measurement (SEM) to calculate the Minimal Detectable Change at the 90% confidence interval (MDC90). Reliability data was visualised with a Bland–Altman plot. Results All tests showed excellent intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC's > 0.9). All SEM values demonstrated acceptable measurement precision (SEM
