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J B Farrell - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Cerebral cardiovascular and respiratory variables after an experimental brain Missile Wound.
Journal of Neurotrauma, 1992Co-Authors: Torbati D, Michael E. Carey, June F. Davidson, J B FarrellAbstract:Brain Missile Wounding (BMW) affects brainstem and medullary cadiorespiratory functions leading to immediate systemic hypertension, bradycardia, and apnea. Secondary complications may also occur because of subsequent changes in systemic and intracranial physiological variables. To delineate the immediate and secondary effects of BMW, we monitored changes in several cerebral and cardiorespiratory parameters in pentobarbital-anesthetized spontaneously breathing cats before Wounding and up to 90 min afterward. Total and regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and cardiac output (CO) were measured (microsphere technique) and arterial blood was sampled for pH, PO2 and PCO2 once before BMW and one to four times afterward. Mean arterial blood pressure (MABP), intracranial pressure (ICP), cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP = MABP - ICP), electrocardiogram (ECG), heart rate (HR), and electroencephalogram (EEG) were continuously recorded. Respiratory frequency (f), tidal volume (Vt), and ventilation (V) were recorded during each flow measurement and periodically throughout the experiment. Four unWounded cats served as controls and 15 cats were Wounded at 1.4 J fronto-occipitally through an intact cranium. UnWounded cats showed no significant changes in any physiological variable measured during a 100 min experimentation period. Four Wounded cats survived a 90 min post-BMW period and had only a transient brainstem effect including a 50% increase in MABP concurrently with 50% reductions in the f and HR. Nonsurvivors (11 of 15) lived from 1 to 41 min after Wounding. These cats initially demonstrated similar changes in MABP, f, and HR to survivors, but these variables remained unstable, possibly indicating a persisting brainstem damage. Apnea accounted for death in 10 of 11 nonsurvivors. Although the primary brainstem effect might have existed in all nonsurvivors, it appears that only one cat died from reduced respiration alone. Others had one or several postWounding secondary complications: abruptly increased ICP producing a negative CPP, extreme reductions in CO or CBF and ventilation. Cardiac arrest occurred once. Thus, post-BMW mortality cannot be consistently ascribed to the impairment of a single physiological variable.
Michael E. Carey - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Experimental Missile Wounding of the brain.
Neurosurgery clinics of North America, 1995Co-Authors: Michael E. CareyAbstract:If a Missile penetrates a cerebral hemisphere and does not severely disrupt the brain or transit a vital brain structure, it is hypothesized that the indirect effect of ordinary pressure waves set up by the interaction of Missile and tissue and that impinge on brain stem respiratory nuclei determines life or death. The likelihood of fatal apnea is a direct function of Missile energy of deposit within the brain. With brain Wounding, a reduction in CO may also occur, but Missile energy required to produce a significant CO decrease is in excess of that required to produce respiratory problems. Unless the individual managed to survive a period of apnea or respiratory resuscitation occurred, the effects of apnea would overshadow any CO decreases. Although transmitted ordinary pressure waves might interfere with the reticular activating system within the brain stem and produce persistent coma, specific long-lasting neurologic defects from a Missile Wound usually result from direct Missile damage to the cerebral cortex or cortical projections. In designing treatments for Missile Wounds of the brain, two distinct entities must be kept in mind: the brain stem and the cerebral cortex. To decrease the immediate mortality from brain Wounding, prompt treatment has to be devised to aid dysfunctional respiratory nuclei and possibly cardiac control nuclei. To decrease long-term neurologic morbidity, drug therapy has to be instituted to help injured cerebral cortical neurons for days to weeks after Wounding. Totally different strategies and drugs may be needed to treat the brain stem as opposed to the cerebral cortex. Language: en
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Cerebral cardiovascular and respiratory variables after an experimental brain Missile Wound.
Journal of Neurotrauma, 1992Co-Authors: Torbati D, Michael E. Carey, June F. Davidson, J B FarrellAbstract:Brain Missile Wounding (BMW) affects brainstem and medullary cadiorespiratory functions leading to immediate systemic hypertension, bradycardia, and apnea. Secondary complications may also occur because of subsequent changes in systemic and intracranial physiological variables. To delineate the immediate and secondary effects of BMW, we monitored changes in several cerebral and cardiorespiratory parameters in pentobarbital-anesthetized spontaneously breathing cats before Wounding and up to 90 min afterward. Total and regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and cardiac output (CO) were measured (microsphere technique) and arterial blood was sampled for pH, PO2 and PCO2 once before BMW and one to four times afterward. Mean arterial blood pressure (MABP), intracranial pressure (ICP), cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP = MABP - ICP), electrocardiogram (ECG), heart rate (HR), and electroencephalogram (EEG) were continuously recorded. Respiratory frequency (f), tidal volume (Vt), and ventilation (V) were recorded during each flow measurement and periodically throughout the experiment. Four unWounded cats served as controls and 15 cats were Wounded at 1.4 J fronto-occipitally through an intact cranium. UnWounded cats showed no significant changes in any physiological variable measured during a 100 min experimentation period. Four Wounded cats survived a 90 min post-BMW period and had only a transient brainstem effect including a 50% increase in MABP concurrently with 50% reductions in the f and HR. Nonsurvivors (11 of 15) lived from 1 to 41 min after Wounding. These cats initially demonstrated similar changes in MABP, f, and HR to survivors, but these variables remained unstable, possibly indicating a persisting brainstem damage. Apnea accounted for death in 10 of 11 nonsurvivors. Although the primary brainstem effect might have existed in all nonsurvivors, it appears that only one cat died from reduced respiration alone. Others had one or several postWounding secondary complications: abruptly increased ICP producing a negative CPP, extreme reductions in CO or CBF and ventilation. Cardiac arrest occurred once. Thus, post-BMW mortality cannot be consistently ascribed to the impairment of a single physiological variable.
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Coagulation changes after an experimental Missile Wound to the brain in the cat.
Surgical neurology, 1991Co-Authors: Deepak Awasthi, Michael E. Carey, W A Rock, J B FarrellAbstract:Platelet studies (total number and platelet aggregation) and coagulation assays (fibrinogen, factor VIII, and anti-thrombin III) were performed on systemic arterial blood of four control and four experimental adult cats that sustained a penetrating Missile injury to the brain. Among the brain-Wounded, a significant decrease in the total number of platelets and aggregates occurred 120 minutes after injury. Fibrinogen levels decreased significantly in the brain-Wounded animals by 240 minutes after injury and continued declining until the end of the 6-hour experiment. No significant changes occurred in factor VIII and antithrombin III levels in Wounded as compared with control animals. These results indicate that blood coagulation factors are altered following a Missile Wound to the brain. These alterations may, occasionally, lead to clinically manifested bleeding disorders, specifically disseminated intravascular coagulation. Thus, early analysis and control of the coagulation system in the brain-Wounded patient should be considered to prevent and treat bleeding disorders in the setting of penetrating head injury.
Torbati D - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Cerebral cardiovascular and respiratory variables after an experimental brain Missile Wound.
Journal of Neurotrauma, 1992Co-Authors: Torbati D, Michael E. Carey, June F. Davidson, J B FarrellAbstract:Brain Missile Wounding (BMW) affects brainstem and medullary cadiorespiratory functions leading to immediate systemic hypertension, bradycardia, and apnea. Secondary complications may also occur because of subsequent changes in systemic and intracranial physiological variables. To delineate the immediate and secondary effects of BMW, we monitored changes in several cerebral and cardiorespiratory parameters in pentobarbital-anesthetized spontaneously breathing cats before Wounding and up to 90 min afterward. Total and regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and cardiac output (CO) were measured (microsphere technique) and arterial blood was sampled for pH, PO2 and PCO2 once before BMW and one to four times afterward. Mean arterial blood pressure (MABP), intracranial pressure (ICP), cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP = MABP - ICP), electrocardiogram (ECG), heart rate (HR), and electroencephalogram (EEG) were continuously recorded. Respiratory frequency (f), tidal volume (Vt), and ventilation (V) were recorded during each flow measurement and periodically throughout the experiment. Four unWounded cats served as controls and 15 cats were Wounded at 1.4 J fronto-occipitally through an intact cranium. UnWounded cats showed no significant changes in any physiological variable measured during a 100 min experimentation period. Four Wounded cats survived a 90 min post-BMW period and had only a transient brainstem effect including a 50% increase in MABP concurrently with 50% reductions in the f and HR. Nonsurvivors (11 of 15) lived from 1 to 41 min after Wounding. These cats initially demonstrated similar changes in MABP, f, and HR to survivors, but these variables remained unstable, possibly indicating a persisting brainstem damage. Apnea accounted for death in 10 of 11 nonsurvivors. Although the primary brainstem effect might have existed in all nonsurvivors, it appears that only one cat died from reduced respiration alone. Others had one or several postWounding secondary complications: abruptly increased ICP producing a negative CPP, extreme reductions in CO or CBF and ventilation. Cardiac arrest occurred once. Thus, post-BMW mortality cannot be consistently ascribed to the impairment of a single physiological variable.
Zhu Hongsheng - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Changes of the cats' blood-brain barrier in early period after craniocerebral Missile Wound in hot and humid environment
Chinese Journal of Neuromedicine, 2004Co-Authors: Zhu HongshengAbstract:Objective To study the changes of blood-brain barrier (BBB) in early period after craniocerebral Missile Wound (CMW) in cats in hot and humid environment and to provide evidence for clinical treatment. Methods CMW animal models of cats were constructed by Carey method. 24 cats were evenly divided into 4 groups: normal control group, single Missile Wound group, hot and humid environment group and Missile Wound in hot and humid environment group. Severities of BBB damage were evaluated by measuring the content of Evans blue. Results Vital signs were kept stable at each time point without death; the infiltration of BBB increased slightly but without statistic significance in hot and humid environment group; BBB damaged in single Missile Wound group and did seriously in Missile Wound in hot and humid environment group. Conclusion A hot and humid environment was detrimental to cats' BBB after CMW and measures should be taken to alleviate these detrimental effects in the treatment of CMW.
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Changes of the cats' hemorheology in earlier period after craniocerebral Missile Wound in the environment of high temperature and humidity
Chinese Journal of Neuromedicine, 2003Co-Authors: Zhu HongshengAbstract:Objective To study the changes of hemorheology in earlier period after craniocerebral Missile vvound (CMW) in cats in the environment of high temperature and humidity and to provide evidence for clinical treatment. Methods CMW animal model in cats was constructed with Carey method. 18 cats were divided into 4 groups: single Missile Wound group, high temperature and high humidity group and Missile vvound and high temperature and high humidity group. Blood samples were collected for surveying and calculating hemorheological indexes in each group. Results Vital signs were kept stable at each time point without death. The environment of high temperature and humidity and Missile Wounds both caused changes in hemorrheology, and the combination of the both factors did significantly. Conclusion An environment of high temperature and humidity was detrimental to changes of catshemorheology after CMW and measures should be taken to alleviate these detrimental effects in the treatment of CMW.
June F. Davidson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Cerebral cardiovascular and respiratory variables after an experimental brain Missile Wound.
Journal of Neurotrauma, 1992Co-Authors: Torbati D, Michael E. Carey, June F. Davidson, J B FarrellAbstract:Brain Missile Wounding (BMW) affects brainstem and medullary cadiorespiratory functions leading to immediate systemic hypertension, bradycardia, and apnea. Secondary complications may also occur because of subsequent changes in systemic and intracranial physiological variables. To delineate the immediate and secondary effects of BMW, we monitored changes in several cerebral and cardiorespiratory parameters in pentobarbital-anesthetized spontaneously breathing cats before Wounding and up to 90 min afterward. Total and regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and cardiac output (CO) were measured (microsphere technique) and arterial blood was sampled for pH, PO2 and PCO2 once before BMW and one to four times afterward. Mean arterial blood pressure (MABP), intracranial pressure (ICP), cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP = MABP - ICP), electrocardiogram (ECG), heart rate (HR), and electroencephalogram (EEG) were continuously recorded. Respiratory frequency (f), tidal volume (Vt), and ventilation (V) were recorded during each flow measurement and periodically throughout the experiment. Four unWounded cats served as controls and 15 cats were Wounded at 1.4 J fronto-occipitally through an intact cranium. UnWounded cats showed no significant changes in any physiological variable measured during a 100 min experimentation period. Four Wounded cats survived a 90 min post-BMW period and had only a transient brainstem effect including a 50% increase in MABP concurrently with 50% reductions in the f and HR. Nonsurvivors (11 of 15) lived from 1 to 41 min after Wounding. These cats initially demonstrated similar changes in MABP, f, and HR to survivors, but these variables remained unstable, possibly indicating a persisting brainstem damage. Apnea accounted for death in 10 of 11 nonsurvivors. Although the primary brainstem effect might have existed in all nonsurvivors, it appears that only one cat died from reduced respiration alone. Others had one or several postWounding secondary complications: abruptly increased ICP producing a negative CPP, extreme reductions in CO or CBF and ventilation. Cardiac arrest occurred once. Thus, post-BMW mortality cannot be consistently ascribed to the impairment of a single physiological variable.