The Experts below are selected from a list of 321 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Oliver Musshoff - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Will Farmers Accept Lower Gross Margins for the Sustainable Cultivation Method of Mixed Cropping? First Insights from Germany
    Sustainability, 2021
    Co-Authors: Vanessa Bonke, Marius Michels, Oliver Musshoff
    Abstract:

    A decline in the legume cultivation has contributed to the biodiversity loss within the agricultural production across Europe. One possibility to include legumes into the production and promote sustainability is Mixed Cropping with legumes and non-legumes. However, the adoption of Mixed Cropping is challenging for farmers and information about the profitability is scarce. If Mixed Cropping should become a widely established production method, it is essential to gain an understanding of famers’ evaluation of the profitability Mixed Cropping needs to reach. Therefore, this article provides first empirical insights into farmers stated willingness to accept gross margin changes compared to current production possibilities. Based on a survey with results from 134 German non-adopters conducted in 2018 we can distinguish conventional farmers with a positive, neutral and negative willingness to accept reductions in gross margins as the trade-off for ecological benefits. Using an ordered logistic model we find that risk attitude, risk perception, the number of measures performed for ecological focus areas, the farmer’s age and being located in the south of Germany influence their willingness to accept gross margin changes compared to currently produced cereals.

  • Understanding German farmer’s intention to adopt Mixed Cropping using the theory of planned behavior
    Agronomy for Sustainable Development, 2020
    Co-Authors: Vanessa Bonke, Oliver Musshoff
    Abstract:

    The diversification of Cropping systems has the potential to contribute towards a sustainable land use while preserving biodiversity. Mixed Cropping is one possibility to increase biodiversity within farming systems. However, adoption of Mixed Cropping systems is challenging for farmers, as the agricultural sector has evolved around pure stands over the past decades and path dependencies have emerged. Yet, little is known about farmers’ motivation to adopt Mixed Cropping. Utilizing the theory of planned behavior as the main framework, this paper studies the psychological factors underlying farmers’ intention to adopt Mixed Cropping based on an online survey with 172 German farmers. In addition, the most crucial adoption obstacles are assessed. Using partial least squares structural equation modeling, we show for the first time that attitude, perceived behavioral control, and injunctive as well as descriptive group norms explain over 52% of farmers’ intention to adopt Mixed Cropping. Our results also demonstrate that perceived ecological benefits positively influence a farmer’s attitude towards Mixed Cropping. Missing sales opportunities for Mixed yields, the uneven maturing of crops, and deficient economic benefits are ranked as the most crucial obstacles for the implementation of Mixed Cropping. These results, which can be relevant for other European countries as well, indicate that the introduction of a voluntary agri-environmental scheme could encourage adoption and that considering positive effects of group norms within policy schemes could further increase adoption on a large scale.

  • understanding german farmer s intention to adopt Mixed Cropping using the theory of planned behavior
    Agronomy for Sustainable Development, 2020
    Co-Authors: Vanessa Bonke, Oliver Musshoff
    Abstract:

    The diversification of Cropping systems has the potential to contribute towards a sustainable land use while preserving biodiversity. Mixed Cropping is one possibility to increase biodiversity within farming systems. However, adoption of Mixed Cropping systems is challenging for farmers, as the agricultural sector has evolved around pure stands over the past decades and path dependencies have emerged. Yet, little is known about farmers’ motivation to adopt Mixed Cropping. Utilizing the theory of planned behavior as the main framework, this paper studies the psychological factors underlying farmers’ intention to adopt Mixed Cropping based on an online survey with 172 German farmers. In addition, the most crucial adoption obstacles are assessed. Using partial least squares structural equation modeling, we show for the first time that attitude, perceived behavioral control, and injunctive as well as descriptive group norms explain over 52% of farmers’ intention to adopt Mixed Cropping. Our results also demonstrate that perceived ecological benefits positively influence a farmer’s attitude towards Mixed Cropping. Missing sales opportunities for Mixed yields, the uneven maturing of crops, and deficient economic benefits are ranked as the most crucial obstacles for the implementation of Mixed Cropping. These results, which can be relevant for other European countries as well, indicate that the introduction of a voluntary agri-environmental scheme could encourage adoption and that considering positive effects of group norms within policy schemes could further increase adoption on a large scale.

Vanessa Bonke - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Will Farmers Accept Lower Gross Margins for the Sustainable Cultivation Method of Mixed Cropping? First Insights from Germany
    Sustainability, 2021
    Co-Authors: Vanessa Bonke, Marius Michels, Oliver Musshoff
    Abstract:

    A decline in the legume cultivation has contributed to the biodiversity loss within the agricultural production across Europe. One possibility to include legumes into the production and promote sustainability is Mixed Cropping with legumes and non-legumes. However, the adoption of Mixed Cropping is challenging for farmers and information about the profitability is scarce. If Mixed Cropping should become a widely established production method, it is essential to gain an understanding of famers’ evaluation of the profitability Mixed Cropping needs to reach. Therefore, this article provides first empirical insights into farmers stated willingness to accept gross margin changes compared to current production possibilities. Based on a survey with results from 134 German non-adopters conducted in 2018 we can distinguish conventional farmers with a positive, neutral and negative willingness to accept reductions in gross margins as the trade-off for ecological benefits. Using an ordered logistic model we find that risk attitude, risk perception, the number of measures performed for ecological focus areas, the farmer’s age and being located in the south of Germany influence their willingness to accept gross margin changes compared to currently produced cereals.

  • Understanding German farmer’s intention to adopt Mixed Cropping using the theory of planned behavior
    Agronomy for Sustainable Development, 2020
    Co-Authors: Vanessa Bonke, Oliver Musshoff
    Abstract:

    The diversification of Cropping systems has the potential to contribute towards a sustainable land use while preserving biodiversity. Mixed Cropping is one possibility to increase biodiversity within farming systems. However, adoption of Mixed Cropping systems is challenging for farmers, as the agricultural sector has evolved around pure stands over the past decades and path dependencies have emerged. Yet, little is known about farmers’ motivation to adopt Mixed Cropping. Utilizing the theory of planned behavior as the main framework, this paper studies the psychological factors underlying farmers’ intention to adopt Mixed Cropping based on an online survey with 172 German farmers. In addition, the most crucial adoption obstacles are assessed. Using partial least squares structural equation modeling, we show for the first time that attitude, perceived behavioral control, and injunctive as well as descriptive group norms explain over 52% of farmers’ intention to adopt Mixed Cropping. Our results also demonstrate that perceived ecological benefits positively influence a farmer’s attitude towards Mixed Cropping. Missing sales opportunities for Mixed yields, the uneven maturing of crops, and deficient economic benefits are ranked as the most crucial obstacles for the implementation of Mixed Cropping. These results, which can be relevant for other European countries as well, indicate that the introduction of a voluntary agri-environmental scheme could encourage adoption and that considering positive effects of group norms within policy schemes could further increase adoption on a large scale.

  • understanding german farmer s intention to adopt Mixed Cropping using the theory of planned behavior
    Agronomy for Sustainable Development, 2020
    Co-Authors: Vanessa Bonke, Oliver Musshoff
    Abstract:

    The diversification of Cropping systems has the potential to contribute towards a sustainable land use while preserving biodiversity. Mixed Cropping is one possibility to increase biodiversity within farming systems. However, adoption of Mixed Cropping systems is challenging for farmers, as the agricultural sector has evolved around pure stands over the past decades and path dependencies have emerged. Yet, little is known about farmers’ motivation to adopt Mixed Cropping. Utilizing the theory of planned behavior as the main framework, this paper studies the psychological factors underlying farmers’ intention to adopt Mixed Cropping based on an online survey with 172 German farmers. In addition, the most crucial adoption obstacles are assessed. Using partial least squares structural equation modeling, we show for the first time that attitude, perceived behavioral control, and injunctive as well as descriptive group norms explain over 52% of farmers’ intention to adopt Mixed Cropping. Our results also demonstrate that perceived ecological benefits positively influence a farmer’s attitude towards Mixed Cropping. Missing sales opportunities for Mixed yields, the uneven maturing of crops, and deficient economic benefits are ranked as the most crucial obstacles for the implementation of Mixed Cropping. These results, which can be relevant for other European countries as well, indicate that the introduction of a voluntary agri-environmental scheme could encourage adoption and that considering positive effects of group norms within policy schemes could further increase adoption on a large scale.

Shuqing Qiu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • effects of the integration of Mixed Cropping and rice duck co culture on rice yield and soil nutrients in southern china
    Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 2020
    Co-Authors: Jiaen Zhang, Shiwei Liu, Zewen Hei, Shuqing Qiu
    Abstract:

    BACKGROUND: Biodiversity‐based agricultural systems can improve production efficiency and sustainability, with fewer negative environmental impacts and lower use of external inputs. Mixed‐Cropping and rice‐duck co‐culture have been shown to produce ecological benefits and to have positive effects on paddy soil. However, the effects of a combination of Mixed Cropping with different rice cultivars and duck co‐culture on soil nutrients availability and grain yields have not been evaluated. A paddy field experiment was carried out over two rice growing seasons to test these effects. RESULTS: Several combinations of rice cultivars, when integrated with duck co‐culture, significantly increased the soil organic matter and total nitrogen contents during the rice growing seasons, as compared to mono‐Cropping systems. In Mixed‐Cropping combined with duck co‐culture (MCDC) systems, the soil alkali‐hydrolyzable nitrogen content ranged from 4.33% to 17.86% higher than that in mono‐Cropping systems. Similar increases were found for soil available phosphorus (8.71–15.91%) and soil available potassium (8.65–39.43%) contents. Furthermore, MCDC produced higher grain yields and harvest indexes for both study seasons. CONCLUSION: The integration of MCDC systems had positive effects on soil nutrient contents of paddy fields, which could, in turn, lead to yield enhancements, as well as additional income for farmers in the form of organic duck meat. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry

  • a combination of rice cultivar Mixed Cropping and duck co culture suppressed weeds and pests in paddy fields
    Basic and Applied Ecology, 2019
    Co-Authors: Jiaen Zhang, Shiwei Liu, Zewen Hei, Shuqing Qiu
    Abstract:

    Abstract Industrial agriculture with intensive use of herbicides and pesticides has resulted in a great reduction of biodiversity and negative environmental impacts on rice paddy fields. Biodiversity-based farming systems can improve production efficiency and sustainability, with fewer negative environmental impacts and lower use of external inputs. Previous studies have reported that both the rice-duck co-culture systems and Mixed-Cropping systems with different rice cultivars can suppress weed communities and control harmful pests. However, little is known about the effects of an integration of Mixed-Cropping with different rice cultivars and rice-duck co-culture on weed communities and pests in paddy fields. Four combinations with three replications of each treatment were employed, half with and half without ducks in paddy fields, which were compared with mono-Cropping systems of the five rice cultivars. After two-season experiments, we found that species richness and diversity of weed communities in the Mixed-Cropping with rice-duck co-culture (MCDC) systems were significantly lower than those in the mono-Cropping systems. The abundance of rice leaf roller in the MCDC systems was also significantly lower than that in the mono-Cropping systems. Our findings indicated that the biodiversity-based farming would be an environmentally friendly approach to control weeds and rice leaf roller without using herbicides or pesticides in paddy fields, and hence to produce more safe, healthy, and high-quality rice and duck meat.

  • Mixed-Cropping systems of different rice cultivars have grain yield and quality advantages over mono-Cropping systems.
    Journal of the science of food and agriculture, 2019
    Co-Authors: Jiaen Zhang, Shiwei Liu, Umair Ashraf, Benliang Zhao, Shuqing Qiu
    Abstract:

    A Mixed-Cropping system that enhances farmland biodiversity has the potential to improve grain yield and quality; however, the impacts of growing different rice cultivars simultaneously has been rarely investigated. In the present study, five popular rice cultivars were selected and ten mixture combinations were made according to the growth period, plant height, grain yield and quality, and pest and disease resistance. Seedlings of the five cultivars and ten mixture combinations (Mixed-sowing of the seeds in an equal ratio, then Mixed-transplanting and finally Mixed-harvesting) were grown in plastic pots in a glasshouse during the early and late growing seasons in 2016. RESULTS Compared with the mono-Cropping systems in the early and late growing seasons in 2016 (paired t-test), the Mixed-Cropping systems increased the rice leaf photosynthetic rate, soil plant analysis development (SPAD) index and total aboveground dry weight. Moreover, Mixed-Cropping systems improved the number of spikelets per panicle, seed-setting rate, and grain weight per pot and harvest index by 19.52% and 5.77%, 8.53% and 4.41%, 8.31% and 4.61%, and 10.26% and 6.98% in the early and late growing seasons, respectively. In addition, Mixed-Cropping systems reduced chalky rice rate and chalkiness degree by 33.12% and 43.42% and by 30.11% and 48.13% in the early and late growing seasons, respectively. CONCLUSION The SPAD indexes and photosynthetic rates enhanced at physiology maturity in Mixed-Cropping systems may result in higher grain yield and better grain quality. In general, it was found that Mixed-Cropping with different rice cultivars has the potential for increasing grain yield and improving grain quality. ? 2018 Society of Chemical Industry

  • Mixed-Cropping systems of different rice cultivars have grain yield and quality advantages over mono-Cropping systems
    2018
    Co-Authors: Jiaen Zhang, Shiwei Liu, Umair Ashraf, Shuqing Qiu
    Abstract:

    Mixed-Cropping system is a centuries-old Cropping technique that is still widely practiced in the farmers' field over the globe. Increased plant diversity enhances farmland biodiversity, which would improve grain yield and quality; however, the impacts of growing different rice cultivars simultaneously were rarely investigated. In present study, five popular rice cultivars were selected and ten mixture combinations were made according to the growth period, plant height, grain yield and quality, and pest and disease resistance. Seedlings of the five cultivars and ten mixture combinations (Mixed-sowing of the seeds in an equal ratio, then Mixed-transplanting and finally Mixed-harvesting) were grown in plastic pots under greenhouse during the early and late growing seasons in 2016. Results showed that, compared with the corresponding mono-Cropping systems, almost all combinations of the Mixed-Cropping systems have advantages in yield related traits and grain quality. Compared with the mono-Cropping systems in the early and late growing seasons in 2016, Mixed-Cropping systems increased the number of spikelets per panicle, seed-setting rate, and grain weight per pot and harvest index by 19.52% and 5.77%, 8.53% and 4.41%, 8.31% and 4.61%, and 10.26% and 6.98%, respectively (paired t-test). In addition, Mixed-Cropping systems reduced chalky rice rate and chalkiness degree by 33.12% and 43.42% and by 30.11% and 48.13% in the early and late growing seasons, respectively (paired t-test). These results may be due to enhanced SPAD indexes and photosynthetic rates at physiology maturity in Mixed-Cropping systems. In general, it was found that Mixed-Cropping with different rice cultivars have potential for increasing grain yield and improving grain quality

Woldeyesus Sinebo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • yield performance and land use efficiency of barley and faba bean Mixed Cropping in ethiopian highlands
    European Journal of Agronomy, 2006
    Co-Authors: Getachew Agegnehu, Amare Ghizaw, Woldeyesus Sinebo
    Abstract:

    Abstract Mixed interCropping of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) with faba bean (Vicia faba L.) was compared with sole Cropping for three growing seasons (2001–2003) at Holetta Agricultural Research Centre, in the central highlands of Ethiopia. The treatments were sole barley (125 kg ha−1), sole faba bean (200 kg ha−1) and an additive series of 12.5, 25, 37.5, 50 and 62.5% of the sole seed rate of faba bean Mixed with full barley seed rate. A randomised complete block design replicated four times was used. Mixed Cropping and year effects were significant for seed and biomass yields of each crop species. Barley yield was reduced by Mixed Cropping only when the seed rate of faba bean exceeded 50 kg ha−1 or 25% of the sole seed rate. There was no Mixed Cropping by year interaction effect for barley grain yield but for faba bean seed yield. Total yield, barley yield equivalent, land equivalent ratio (LER) and system productivity index (SPI) of mixtures exceeded those of sole crops especially when faba bean seed rate in the mixture was increased to 75 kg ha−1 (37.5%) or more. The highest barley yield equivalent, SPI, crowding coefficient and LER were obtained when faba bean was Mixed at a rate of 37.5% with full seed rate of barley. From this study, it is inferred that Mixed interCropping of faba bean in normal barley culture at a density not less than 37.5% of the sole faba bean density may give better overall yield and income than sole culture of each crop species.

  • crop productivity and land use efficiency of a teff faba bean Mixed Cropping system in a tropical highland environment
    Experimental Agriculture, 2006
    Co-Authors: Getachew Agegnehu, Amare Ghizaw, Woldeyesus Sinebo
    Abstract:

    SUMMARY Mixed Cropping of teff (Eragrostis tef )w ith faba bean (Vicia faba) was compared with sole Cropping in the 2002 and 2003 growing seasons at Holetta Research Centre, in the central highlands of Ethiopia. The treatments were sole teff (25 kg seed ha −1 ), sole faba bean (200 kg seed ha −1 ) and 12.5, 25, 37.5, 50 and 62.5 % of the sole seed rate of faba bean Mixed with a full teff seed rate. A randomized complete block design replicated four times was used. Treatment effects were significant for seed and biomass yields of each crop species. Increasing the seed rate of faba bean in teff/faba bean mixture increased faba bean seed yield but decreased teff grain yield. Nonetheless, Mixed Cropping of faba bean with teff increased land use efficiency and gave higher total yields compared to growing either species in sole culture. Teff yield equivalent, land equivalent ratios (LERs) and system productivity index (SPI) of the mixtures exceeded those of sole crops especially when the seed rate of faba bean in the mixture was increased to 50 kg ha −1 (25 %) or more. The relatively high crowding coefficient values indicated yield advantages from Mixed Cropping of the two species. The highest values of teff yield equivalent, LER and SPI were obtained when faba bean was Mixed at a rate of 62.5 % with the full seed rate of teff. We suggest that, at the current prices of the respective crops, up to 62.5 % of faba bean can be Mixed in normal teff to get better total yield and income than sole culture of either species.

Jiaen Zhang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • effects of the integration of Mixed Cropping and rice duck co culture on rice yield and soil nutrients in southern china
    Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 2020
    Co-Authors: Jiaen Zhang, Shiwei Liu, Zewen Hei, Shuqing Qiu
    Abstract:

    BACKGROUND: Biodiversity‐based agricultural systems can improve production efficiency and sustainability, with fewer negative environmental impacts and lower use of external inputs. Mixed‐Cropping and rice‐duck co‐culture have been shown to produce ecological benefits and to have positive effects on paddy soil. However, the effects of a combination of Mixed Cropping with different rice cultivars and duck co‐culture on soil nutrients availability and grain yields have not been evaluated. A paddy field experiment was carried out over two rice growing seasons to test these effects. RESULTS: Several combinations of rice cultivars, when integrated with duck co‐culture, significantly increased the soil organic matter and total nitrogen contents during the rice growing seasons, as compared to mono‐Cropping systems. In Mixed‐Cropping combined with duck co‐culture (MCDC) systems, the soil alkali‐hydrolyzable nitrogen content ranged from 4.33% to 17.86% higher than that in mono‐Cropping systems. Similar increases were found for soil available phosphorus (8.71–15.91%) and soil available potassium (8.65–39.43%) contents. Furthermore, MCDC produced higher grain yields and harvest indexes for both study seasons. CONCLUSION: The integration of MCDC systems had positive effects on soil nutrient contents of paddy fields, which could, in turn, lead to yield enhancements, as well as additional income for farmers in the form of organic duck meat. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry

  • a combination of rice cultivar Mixed Cropping and duck co culture suppressed weeds and pests in paddy fields
    Basic and Applied Ecology, 2019
    Co-Authors: Jiaen Zhang, Shiwei Liu, Zewen Hei, Shuqing Qiu
    Abstract:

    Abstract Industrial agriculture with intensive use of herbicides and pesticides has resulted in a great reduction of biodiversity and negative environmental impacts on rice paddy fields. Biodiversity-based farming systems can improve production efficiency and sustainability, with fewer negative environmental impacts and lower use of external inputs. Previous studies have reported that both the rice-duck co-culture systems and Mixed-Cropping systems with different rice cultivars can suppress weed communities and control harmful pests. However, little is known about the effects of an integration of Mixed-Cropping with different rice cultivars and rice-duck co-culture on weed communities and pests in paddy fields. Four combinations with three replications of each treatment were employed, half with and half without ducks in paddy fields, which were compared with mono-Cropping systems of the five rice cultivars. After two-season experiments, we found that species richness and diversity of weed communities in the Mixed-Cropping with rice-duck co-culture (MCDC) systems were significantly lower than those in the mono-Cropping systems. The abundance of rice leaf roller in the MCDC systems was also significantly lower than that in the mono-Cropping systems. Our findings indicated that the biodiversity-based farming would be an environmentally friendly approach to control weeds and rice leaf roller without using herbicides or pesticides in paddy fields, and hence to produce more safe, healthy, and high-quality rice and duck meat.

  • Mixed-Cropping systems of different rice cultivars have grain yield and quality advantages over mono-Cropping systems.
    Journal of the science of food and agriculture, 2019
    Co-Authors: Jiaen Zhang, Shiwei Liu, Umair Ashraf, Benliang Zhao, Shuqing Qiu
    Abstract:

    A Mixed-Cropping system that enhances farmland biodiversity has the potential to improve grain yield and quality; however, the impacts of growing different rice cultivars simultaneously has been rarely investigated. In the present study, five popular rice cultivars were selected and ten mixture combinations were made according to the growth period, plant height, grain yield and quality, and pest and disease resistance. Seedlings of the five cultivars and ten mixture combinations (Mixed-sowing of the seeds in an equal ratio, then Mixed-transplanting and finally Mixed-harvesting) were grown in plastic pots in a glasshouse during the early and late growing seasons in 2016. RESULTS Compared with the mono-Cropping systems in the early and late growing seasons in 2016 (paired t-test), the Mixed-Cropping systems increased the rice leaf photosynthetic rate, soil plant analysis development (SPAD) index and total aboveground dry weight. Moreover, Mixed-Cropping systems improved the number of spikelets per panicle, seed-setting rate, and grain weight per pot and harvest index by 19.52% and 5.77%, 8.53% and 4.41%, 8.31% and 4.61%, and 10.26% and 6.98% in the early and late growing seasons, respectively. In addition, Mixed-Cropping systems reduced chalky rice rate and chalkiness degree by 33.12% and 43.42% and by 30.11% and 48.13% in the early and late growing seasons, respectively. CONCLUSION The SPAD indexes and photosynthetic rates enhanced at physiology maturity in Mixed-Cropping systems may result in higher grain yield and better grain quality. In general, it was found that Mixed-Cropping with different rice cultivars has the potential for increasing grain yield and improving grain quality. ? 2018 Society of Chemical Industry

  • Mixed-Cropping systems of different rice cultivars have grain yield and quality advantages over mono-Cropping systems
    2018
    Co-Authors: Jiaen Zhang, Shiwei Liu, Umair Ashraf, Shuqing Qiu
    Abstract:

    Mixed-Cropping system is a centuries-old Cropping technique that is still widely practiced in the farmers' field over the globe. Increased plant diversity enhances farmland biodiversity, which would improve grain yield and quality; however, the impacts of growing different rice cultivars simultaneously were rarely investigated. In present study, five popular rice cultivars were selected and ten mixture combinations were made according to the growth period, plant height, grain yield and quality, and pest and disease resistance. Seedlings of the five cultivars and ten mixture combinations (Mixed-sowing of the seeds in an equal ratio, then Mixed-transplanting and finally Mixed-harvesting) were grown in plastic pots under greenhouse during the early and late growing seasons in 2016. Results showed that, compared with the corresponding mono-Cropping systems, almost all combinations of the Mixed-Cropping systems have advantages in yield related traits and grain quality. Compared with the mono-Cropping systems in the early and late growing seasons in 2016, Mixed-Cropping systems increased the number of spikelets per panicle, seed-setting rate, and grain weight per pot and harvest index by 19.52% and 5.77%, 8.53% and 4.41%, 8.31% and 4.61%, and 10.26% and 6.98%, respectively (paired t-test). In addition, Mixed-Cropping systems reduced chalky rice rate and chalkiness degree by 33.12% and 43.42% and by 30.11% and 48.13% in the early and late growing seasons, respectively (paired t-test). These results may be due to enhanced SPAD indexes and photosynthetic rates at physiology maturity in Mixed-Cropping systems. In general, it was found that Mixed-Cropping with different rice cultivars have potential for increasing grain yield and improving grain quality