The Experts below are selected from a list of 168909 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Paul T Williams - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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hybrid plasma catalytic steam reforming of toluene as a biomass tar Model Compound over ni al2o3 catalysts
Fuel Processing Technology, 2017Co-Authors: S Y Liu, D H Mei, Mohamad A Nahil, Siddharth Gadkari, Paul T WilliamsAbstract:In this study, plasma-catalytic steam reforming of toluene as a biomass tar Model Compound was carried out in a coaxial dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma reactor. The effect of Ni/Al2O3 catalysts with different nickel loadings (5–20 wt%) on the plasma-catalytic gas cleaning process was evaluated in terms of toluene conversion, gas yield, by-products formation and energy efficiency of the plasma-catalytic process. Compared to the plasma reaction without a catalyst, the combination of DBD with the Ni/Al2O3 catalysts significantly enhanced the toluene conversion, hydrogen yield and energy efficiency of the hybrid plasma process, while significantly reduced the production of organic by-products. Increasing Ni loading of the catalyst improved the performance of the plasma-catalytic processing of toluene, with the highest toluene conversion of 52% and energy efficiency of 2.6 g/kWh when placing the 20 wt% Ni/Al2O3 catalyst in the plasma. The possible reaction pathways in the hybrid plasma-catalytic process were proposed through the combined analysis of both gas and liquid products.
Fei Xia - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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selective oxidative c c bond cleavage of a lignin Model Compound in the presence of acetic acid with a vanadium catalyst
Green Chemistry, 2015Co-Authors: Junxia Liu, Fei XiaAbstract:Selective transformation of lignin into value-added aromatics is highly attractive and rather challenging. Catalytic oxidative degradation provides a promising approach to obtain aromatics from lignin while preserving the benzene units. In this study, vanadium-catalyzed aerobic oxidation of 2-phenoxy-1-phenylethanol was studied as a lignin Model Compound. The solvent played a significant role in the distribution of oxidation products. In the presence of acetic acid, oxidative C–C bond cleavage was preferred, while oxidation products via C–H bond cleavage were rather limited. A one-electron transfer process was involved in the oxidation reaction. The occurrence of vanadium(V) was detected, and the carboxylic group could coordinate to vanadium(V) through exchange with the acetylacetonato ligand during oxidation in the presence of acetic acid.
Li Sun - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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steam reforming of toluene as Model Compound of biomass pyrolysis tar for hydrogen
Biomass & Bioenergy, 2010Co-Authors: Baofeng Zhao, Xiaodong Zhang, Lei Chen, Guangfan Meng, Li SunAbstract:Abstract Steam reforming of tar during biomass pyrolysis for hydrogen will not only avoid frequent equipment shutdown for maintenance and repair but also increase hydrogen yield. In this paper, the effects of temperature and steam/carbon molar ration on steam reforming of toluene as Model Compound of tar was studied by simulation of thermodynamic equilibrium and experiments using Ni/cordierite catalyst in a fixed bed reactor. The results of thermodynamic simulations indicate that the S/C molar ratio of 2 and the temperature range from 1023 K to 1173 K provide favorable operating conditions for steam reforming of toluene in order to get high hydrogen productivity. These operating parameters were adopted in the experiments using Ni/cordierite catalyst in a fixed bed reactor. H2 content remains about 66 mol% and slightly varies with the increasing temperature. Conversion efficiency of toluene increases with temperature, reaching 94.1% at 1173 K. The simulation was improved in order to be closer to experimental results. It is found that only a very small amount of toluene did not participate in the reaction. In the aromatic hydrocarbons of reactive system, benzene and naphthalene were the main products and the proportion of naphthalene decreases with increasing temperature while that of benzene increases.
Ceng Wu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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hydrogen production from steam reforming of bio oil Model Compound and byproducts elimination
International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2016Co-Authors: Ceng WuAbstract:Abstract Highly efficient hydrogen production can be produced via catalytic steam reforming of bio-oil. On the basis of fixed-bed reactor system, a bio-oil Model Compound (m-cresol) was steam reformed on commercial Ni–Co/MgO catalyst. Under the optimal reaction conditions of 850 °C and steam to carbon ratio 5:1, as high as 79.8% of hydrogen yield and 96.8% of carbon conversion can be obtained during 5 h time-on-stream. The results indicated that carbon elimination appears in temperature range of 400–600 °C, and the carbon can be removed completely through its combustion in the air flow at 600 °C. By using the recycling and secondary steam reforming of liquid toxics, the organic pollutants can be eliminated perfectly, and additional hydrogen production was recovered at 850 °C. The compositions of H2, CO, CH4 and CO2 in recovered gas production were 71.5%, 3.7%, 0.2% and 25.0%, respectively. High hydrogen composition of 71.5% was obtained due to the water–gas shift reactions to form hydrogen.
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sustainable hydrogen production from steam reforming of bio oil Model Compound based on carbon deposition elimination
International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2011Co-Authors: Ceng WuAbstract:Abstract Steam reforming of crude bio-oil or some heavy component present in bio-oil is a great challenge for sustainable hydrogen production due to the extensive coke formation and catalyst deactivation. Catalyst regeneration will be an unavoidable operation in this process. In this paper, m-cresol (a Model Compound derived from bio-oil) was steam reformed on commercial Ni-based catalyst. Two conventional carbon elimination methods for coked catalyst were applied and the results showed that sustainable hydrogen production can be obtained based on carbon deposition/elimination. The carbon deposition can be gasified easily under certain temperature. The activity of regenerated catalyst samples can be nearly recovered as the fresh ones. Under the reaction conditions of 850 °C and steam to carbon ratio 5:1, >66% hydrogen mole fraction, >81% hydrogen yield, and >97% carbon conversion can be achieved based on regenerated catalyst. Catalyst characterization indicated that the loss of active metal can be considered as the main reason for tiny activity drop. Ni redispersion and Fe contamination may be another two factors that influence catalyst activity.
Guanyi Chen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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investigation on Model Compound of biomass gasification tar cracking in microwave furnace comparative research
Applied Energy, 2018Co-Authors: Guanyi Chen, Zhanjun Cheng, Beibei Yan, Jingang YaoAbstract:Tar is a major concern for advancing biomass gasification in industrial application due to its risk to downstream pipes/equipment and tar-contaminated environmental issue. Meanwhile, tar also leads to energy loss. Thermal cracking with or without catalyst is a widely used method for removing tar during biomass gasification. Microwave thermal cracking is a lately developed method of removing tar and only a few literatures are available on its reaction parameters and catalytic effect. A microwave tube furnace was designed for investigating tar cracking in our lab. Toluene as biomass tar Model Compound was cracked under various operating conditions assisted by three different bed materials (SiC, biochar, and biochar-Ni). The results showed that microwave heating is effective for toluene cracking, and biochar can act as a bi-functional catalyst for toluene cracking. Toluene cracking rate reached 95.12% under reaction temperature of 800 °C, catalyst particle size of 40–60 meshes and Ni loading of 4 wt%. Hydrogen concentration was higher than 92 vol%. The mechanism of toluene cracking, effect of microwave and efficiency of energy conversion were also carefully discussed, and the applied potential of microwave tar cracking technology was proved.
