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Jaakko I Partanen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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re evaluation of the thermodynamic activity quantities in aqueous solutions of uni univalent alkali metal salts of aliphatic carboxylic acids and thallium acetate at 25 c
Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data, 2011Co-Authors: Jaakko I Partanen, Arthur K CovingtonAbstract:The Huckel equation, which was used in this study to correlate the experimental activities of dilute solutions of uni-univalent alkali metal salts of aliphatic carboxylic acids up to a Molality of about 1 mol·kg–1, contains two parameters that are dependent on the electrolyte: B (closely related to the ion-size parameter a* in the Debye–Huckel equation) and b1 (the coefficient of the linear term with respect to the Molality, related to the hydration numbers of the ions of the electrolyte). For thallium acetate solutions, this equation applies up to a Molality of 3.5 mol·kg–1. In more concentrated solutions of these electrolytes, in the best case up to a Molality of about 7.5 mol·kg–1, an extended Huckel equation was used. It contains additionally a quadratic term with respect to the Molality, and the coefficient of this term is the parameter b2. All parameter values for the Huckel equations of lithium, sodium, and potassium acetate were determined from isopiestic data measured by Robinson for solutions of...
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re evaluation of the thermodynamic activity quantities in aqueous solutions of silver nitrate alkali metal fluorides and nitrites and dihydrogen phosphate dihydrogen arsenate and thiocyanate salts with sodium and potassium ions at 25 c
Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data, 2011Co-Authors: Jaakko I PartanenAbstract:The Huckel equation used in this study to correlate the experimental activities of dilute solutions of silver nitrate, alkali metal fluorides, and sodium and potassium salts with dihydrogen phosphate, dihydrogen arsenate, and thiocyanate ions up to a Molality of about 1.5 mol·kg−1 contains two parameters being dependent on the electrolyte: B [that is related closely to the ion-size parameter (a*) in the Debye−Huckel equation] and b1 (this parameter is the coefficient of the linear term with respect to the Molality, and this coefficient is related to hydration numbers of the ions of the electrolyte). In more concentrated solutions of these electrolytes and of alkali metal nitrites in the best case up to a Molality of 10 mol·kg−1, an extended Huckel equation was used; it contains additionally a quadratic term with respect to the Molality, and the coefficient of this term is the parameter b2. All parameter values for the Huckel equations of AgNO3 solutions were determined from the isopiestic data measured by...
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re evaluation of the thermodynamic activity quantities in aqueous alkali metal iodide solutions at 25 c
Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data, 2010Co-Authors: Jaakko I PartanenAbstract:The Huckel equation used in this study to correlate the experimental activities of dilute alkali metal bromide solutions up to a Molality of about 1.5 mol·kg−1 contains two parameters that are dependent on the electrolyte: B [that is related closely to the ion-size parameter (a*) in the Debye−Huckel equation] and b1 (this parameter is the coefficient of the linear term with respect to the Molality, and this coefficient is related to hydration numbers of the ions of the electrolyte). In more concentrated solutions up to a Molality of about 5 mol·kg−1, an extended Huckel equation was used, and it contains additionally a quadratic term with respect to the Molality, and the coefficient of this term is parameter b2. All parameter values for the Huckel equations of LiBr, KBr, RbBr, and CsBr were determined from the isopiestic data measured by Robinson for solutions of these salts against KCl solutions (J. Am. Chem Soc. 1935, 57, 1161−1165), and all parameters for NaBr were determined from the isopiestic data me...
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re evaluation of the thermodynamic activity quantities in aqueous rubidium and cesium chloride solutions at 25 c
Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data, 2010Co-Authors: Jaakko I PartanenAbstract:The Huckel equation used in this study to correlate the experimental activities of dilute RbCl and CsCl solutions up to a Molality of about 3.5 mol·kg−1 contains two parameters being dependent on the electrolyte: B [that is related closely to the ion-size parameter (a*) in the Debye−Huckel equation] and b1 (this parameter is the coefficient of the linear term with respect to the Molality, and this coefficient is related to hydration numbers of the ions of the electrolyte). In more concentrated solutions up to the saturated Molality of RbCl (= 7.78 mol·kg−1) and up to a Molality of about 8 mol·kg−1 for CsCl, an extended Huckel equation was used. It contains additionally a quadratic term with respect to the Molality, and the coefficient of this term is parameter b2. All parameter values for the Huckel equations of RbCl were determined from the isopiestic data measured by Rard for NaCl and RbCl solutions (J. Chem. Eng. Data 1984, 29, 443−450) and all parameters for CsCl from the isopiestic data measured by R...
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re evaluation of the thermodynamic activity quantities in aqueous rubidium and cesium chloride solutions at 25 c
Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data, 2010Co-Authors: Jaakko I PartanenAbstract:The Huckel equation used in this study to correlate the experimental activities of dilute RbCl and CsCl solutions up to a Molality of about 3.5 mol·kg−1 contains two parameters being dependent on the electrolyte: B [that is related closely to the ion-size parameter (a*) in the Debye−Huckel equation] and b1 (this parameter is the coefficient of the linear term with respect to the Molality, and this coefficient is related to hydration numbers of the ions of the electrolyte). In more concentrated solutions up to the saturated Molality of RbCl (= 7.78 mol·kg−1) and up to a Molality of about 8 mol·kg−1 for CsCl, an extended Huckel equation was used. It contains additionally a quadratic term with respect to the Molality, and the coefficient of this term is parameter b2. All parameter values for the Huckel equations of RbCl were determined from the isopiestic data measured by Rard for NaCl and RbCl solutions (J. Chem. Eng. Data 1984, 29, 443−450) and all parameters for CsCl from the isopiestic data measured by R...
Dinggang Shen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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deep learning based inter modality image registration supervised by intra modality similarity
Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention, 2018Co-Authors: Xiaohuan Cao, Jianhua Yang, Li Wang, Zhong Xue, Qian Wang, Dinggang ShenAbstract:Non-rigid inter-modality registration can facilitate accurate information fusion from different modalities, but it is challenging due to the very different image appearances across modalities. In this paper, we propose to train a non-rigid inter-modality image registration network, which can directly predict the transformation field from the input multimodal images, such as CT and MRI. In particular, the training of our inter-modality registration network is supervised by intra-modality similarity metric based on the available paired data, which is derived from a pre-aligned CT and MRI dataset. Specifically, in the training stage, to register the input CT and MR images, their similarity is evaluated on the warped MR image and the MR image that is paired with the input CT. So that, the intra-modality similarity metric can be directly applied to measure whether the input CT and MR images are well registered. Moreover, we use the idea of dual-modality fashion, in which we measure the similarity on both CT modality and MR modality. In this way, the complementary anatomies in both modalities can be jointly considered to more accurately train the inter-modality registration network. In the testing stage, the trained inter-modality registration network can be directly applied to register the new multimodal images without any paired data. Experimental results have shown that, the proposed method can achieve promising accuracy and efficiency for the challenging non-rigid inter-modality registration task and also outperforms the state-of-the-art approaches.
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deep learning based inter modality image registration supervised by intra modality similarity
arXiv: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, 2018Co-Authors: Xiaohuan Cao, Jianhua Yang, Li Wang, Zhong Xue, Qian Wang, Dinggang ShenAbstract:Non-rigid inter-modality registration can facilitate accurate information fusion from different modalities, but it is challenging due to the very different image appearances across modalities. In this paper, we propose to train a non-rigid inter-modality image registration network, which can directly predict the transformation field from the input multimodal images, such as CT and MR images. In particular, the training of our inter-modality registration network is supervised by intra-modality similarity metric based on the available paired data, which is derived from a pre-aligned CT and MR dataset. Specifically, in the training stage, to register the input CT and MR images, their similarity is evaluated on the warped MR image and the MR image that is paired with the input CT. So that, the intra-modality similarity metric can be directly applied to measure whether the input CT and MR images are well registered. Moreover, we use the idea of dual-modality fashion, in which we measure the similarity on both CT modality and MR modality. In this way, the complementary anatomies in both modalities can be jointly considered to more accurately train the inter-modality registration network. In the testing stage, the trained inter-modality registration network can be directly applied to register the new multimodal images without any paired data. Experimental results have shown that, the proposed method can achieve promising accuracy and efficiency for the challenging non-rigid inter-modality registration task and also outperforms the state-of-the-art approaches.
Asifa Majid - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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dutch modality exclusivity norms simulating perceptual modality in space
Behavior Research Methods, 2017Co-Authors: Laura J Speed, Asifa MajidAbstract:Perceptual information is important for the meaning of nouns. We present modality exclusivity norms for 485 Dutch nouns rated on visual, auditory, haptic, gustatory, and olfactory associations. We found these nouns are highly multimodal. They were rated most dominant in vision, and least in olfaction. A factor analysis identified two main dimensions: one loaded strongly on olfaction and gustation (reflecting joint involvement in flavor), and a second loaded strongly on vision and touch (reflecting joint involvement in manipulable objects). In a second study, we validated the ratings with similarity judgments. As expected, words from the same dominant modality were rated more similar than words from different dominant modalities; but – more importantly – this effect was enhanced when word pairs had high modality strength ratings. We further demonstrated the utility of our ratings by investigating whether perceptual modalities are differentially experienced in space, in a third study. Nouns were categorized into their dominant modality and used in a lexical decision experiment where the spatial position of words was either in proximal or distal space. We found words dominant in olfaction were processed faster in proximal than distal space compared to the other modalities, suggesting olfactory information is mentally simulated as “close” to the body. Finally, we collected ratings of emotion (valence, dominance, and arousal) to assess its role in perceptual space simulation, but the valence did not explain the data. So, words are processed differently depending on their perceptual associations, and strength of association is captured by modality exclusivity ratings.
Iring Koch - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Examining binding effects on task switch costs and response-repetition effects: Variations of the cue modality and stimulus modality in task switching
Attention Perception & Psychophysics, 2019Co-Authors: Sven R. M. Kandalowski, Julia C. Seibold, Stefanie Schuch, Iring KochAbstract:Typically, response-repetition effects are obtained in task-switching experiments: In task repetitions, performance is enhanced when the response, too, repeats (response-repetition benefits), whereas in task switches, performance is impaired when the response repeats (response-repetition costs). A previous study introduced cue modality switches in a cued task-switching paradigm with visual stimuli and obtained enhanced response-repetition benefits when the cue modality repeated (Koch, Frings, & Schuch Psychological Research, 82 , 570–579, 2018 ). In the present study, we aimed to replicate this finding with auditory stimuli (Exp. 1 ), and further examined whether response-repetition effects could be modulated by introducing stimulus modality switches (Exp. 2 ). We found clear evidence that the cue modality and stimulus modality affect task switch costs. The task switch costs were higher with a repeated cue modality or stimulus modality. However, cue modality switches or stimulus modality switches did not affect the response-repetition effects. We suggest that response-repetition effects are elicited by response-associated bindings, which are not necessarily affected by all episodic task features to the same extent. Our results are also in line with theoretical accounts that assume a hierarchical organization of task selection and response selection.
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the interplay of crossmodal attentional preparation and modality compatibility in cued task switching
Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 2018Co-Authors: Edina Fintor, Denise N. Stephan, Iring KochAbstract:: Two experiments examined the influence of preparation on modality compatibility effects in task switching. The term modality compatibility refers to the similarity between the stimulus modality and the modality of response-related sensory consequences. Previous research showed evidence for modality compatibility benefits in task switching when participants switched either between two modality compatible tasks (auditory-vocal and visual-manual) or between two modality incompatible tasks (auditory-manual and visual-vocal). In this study, we investigated the influence of active preparation on modality compatibility effects in task switching. To this end, in Experiment 1, we introduced unimodal modality cues, whereas in Experiment 2, bimodal abstract cues were used. In both experiments, the cue-stimulus interval (CSI) was manipulated while holding the response-stimulus interval (RSI) constant. In both experiments, we found not only decreased switch costs with long CSI but also the elimination of the residual switch costs. More importantly, this preparation effect did not modulate the modality compatibility effect in task switching. To account for this data pattern, we assume that cue-based preparation of switches by modality mappings was highly effective and produced no residual reaction time (RT) costs with long CSI.
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The role of sensory-motor modality compatibility in language processing.
Psychological Research-psychologische Forschung, 2015Co-Authors: Simone Schaeffner, Iring Koch, Andrea M. PhilippAbstract:Language processing requires the combination of compatible (auditory-vocal and visual-manual) or incompatible (auditory-manual and visual-vocal) sensory-motor modalities, and switching between these sensory-motor modality combinations is very common in every-day life. Sensory-motor modality compatibility is defined as the similarity of stimulus modality and the modality of response-related sensory consequences. We investigated the influence of sensory-motor modality compatibility during performing language-related cognitive operations on different linguistic levels. More specifically, we used a variant of the task-switching paradigm, in which participants had to switch between compatible or between incompatible sensory-motor modality combinations during a verbal semantic categorization (Experiment 1) or during a word-form decision (Experiment 2). The data show higher switch costs (i.e., higher reaction times and error rates in switch trials compared to repetition trials) in incompatible sensory-motor modality combinations than in compatible sensory-motor modality combinations. This was true for every language-related cognitive operation, regardless of the individual linguistic level. Taken together, the present study demonstrates that sensory-motor modality compatibility plays an important role in modality switching during language processing.
Denise N. Stephan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the interplay of crossmodal attentional preparation and modality compatibility in cued task switching
Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 2018Co-Authors: Edina Fintor, Denise N. Stephan, Iring KochAbstract:: Two experiments examined the influence of preparation on modality compatibility effects in task switching. The term modality compatibility refers to the similarity between the stimulus modality and the modality of response-related sensory consequences. Previous research showed evidence for modality compatibility benefits in task switching when participants switched either between two modality compatible tasks (auditory-vocal and visual-manual) or between two modality incompatible tasks (auditory-manual and visual-vocal). In this study, we investigated the influence of active preparation on modality compatibility effects in task switching. To this end, in Experiment 1, we introduced unimodal modality cues, whereas in Experiment 2, bimodal abstract cues were used. In both experiments, the cue-stimulus interval (CSI) was manipulated while holding the response-stimulus interval (RSI) constant. In both experiments, we found not only decreased switch costs with long CSI but also the elimination of the residual switch costs. More importantly, this preparation effect did not modulate the modality compatibility effect in task switching. To account for this data pattern, we assume that cue-based preparation of switches by modality mappings was highly effective and produced no residual reaction time (RT) costs with long CSI.
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emerging features of modality mappings in task switching modality compatibility requires variability at the level of both stimulus and response modality
Psychological Research-psychologische Forschung, 2018Co-Authors: Edina Fintor, Denise N. StephanAbstract:The term modality compatibility refers to the similarity between the stimulus modality and the modality of response-related sensory consequences. Previous research showed evidence for modality compatibility benefits in task switching, when participants switch either between two modality compatible tasks (auditory-vocal and visual-manual) or between two modality incompatible tasks (auditory-manual and visual-vocal). However, it remained unclear whether there is also a modality compatibility benefit when participants switch between a modality compatible and an incompatible task. To this end, in Experiment 1, we kept the same design as in earlier studies, so participants had to switch either between modality compatible or modality incompatible spatial discrimination tasks, but in Experiment 2A, participants switched at the response level (manual/vocal) while we kept the stimulus modality constant across tasks, and in Experiment 2B, they switched at the stimulus level (visual/auditory) while we kept the response modality constant across tasks. We found increased switch costs in modality incompatible tasks in Experiment 1, but no such a difference between modality compatible and incompatible tasks in Experiment 2A and 2B, supporting the idea that modality incompatible tasks increase crosstalk, due to the response-based priming of the competing task, but this crosstalk is reduced if the competing task involves either the same stimulus modality or the same response modality. We conclude that a significant impact of modality compatibility in task switching requires variability at the level of both stimulus and response modality.
