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Aqeel J. Nassir - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Effect of Moldboard Plow Types on Soil Physical Properties Under Different Soil Moisture Content and Tractor Speed
Basrah Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2018Co-Authors: Aqeel J. NassirAbstract:An experiment was conducted in fields of Agriculture college, University of Basrah. The experiment was designed with split-spilt plots in Complete Randomized Blocks Design Treatments included three types of Moldboard Plows: helical, semi digger and general –purpose, three soil moisture content levels (10.23,16.47 and 24.68%), and four tractor speed of 0.41, 0.56, 0.86 and 1.21 m sec -1 . The soil physical properties were determined after plowing soil by using three types of Moldboard plow. The results showed that there was significant effect of Moldboard plow types, soil moisture content and tractor speed on soil physical properties including bulk density, soil porosity, soil penetration resistance and pulverization ratio. Results also indicated that the effect of interaction among plow types, soil moisture content and tractor speed was significantly on soil penetration resistance and pulverization ratios while it had not significantly effect on bulk density, soil porosity. In general, soil physical properties, had been improved when using high tractor speed and moderate soil moisture content whereas optimal operation was obtained when using general-purpose plow type and high tractor speed of 1.12 m sec -1 and soil moisture content of 16.47% where this combination gives low bulk density (0.96Mg m-3), high soil porosity (63.90%) high soil pulverization ratio (74%) and low soil penetration resistance (623.47 kN m-2).
G.d. Smith - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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A comparison of Moldboard Plows for dry season tillage of vertisols
Soil & Tillage Research, 1990Co-Authors: V.m. Mayande, R. K. Bansal, G.d. SmithAbstract:Performance of five Moldboard Plows was compared during primary tillage in a dry Vertisol. The Kirloskar plow, which is commonly used on Vertisols in India, had the highest pull requirement; a sod bottom Brazilian plow had the next highest pull requirement, followed by the Triplex and ICRISAT Plows. The general purpose Mouzon plow was the easiest to pull. The Kirloskar plow created the roughest surface but in general the differences between Plows in their effects on surface roughness and clod size are in practice probably not important for Vertisols.
A. Javadi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Sustainable Tillage Methods in Irrigated Wheat Land for Different Regions of Iran
2004 Ottawa Canada August 1 - 4 2004, 2004Co-Authors: Ahmad Tabatabaeefar, A. JavadiAbstract:Several tillage methods were compared in different regions of Iran such as: Isfahan(central), Shiraz (south west), Mashhad(North east) and Hamedan(west). In Isfahan (central), seven different tillage methods were compared during four years. In Hamedan, four different tillage methods were studied for fall wheat within 3 years. In Mashhad, four different tillage depths and four different moisture contents were compared over 3 years. In Shiraz, seven different tillage methods on wheat yield were compared in 4 years. A national study on possibility to use surface tillage in irrigated wheat land compared to conventional method using Moldboard plow was conducted in six different regions (Shiraz, Mashhad, Eastern Azarbayjan, Karaj, Golestan, and Khuzistan) for five years. Varied tillage methods have shown different yield but statistically was not significant. No till (direct drilling) and minimum tillage indicated significantly lower yield therefore could not be recommended as a favorite system for wheat production. Chisel plowing (reduced tillage system) has shown promising performance and can be recommended due to higher field efficiency. Chisel plow (in spring) + disk + leveler in fall noted to be a substitute for Moldboard Plows because of higher coefficient of harvest and field efficiency. In terms of deep tillage, subsoiling to the depth of 35 cm plus Moldboard plow had the highest yield and the effective treatment for reducing CI by 12.8 % and increasing yield by 3.8 %. The Moldboard plowing (conventional method) had the lowest yield. Due to high cost, energy consumption and statistically no significant difference between treatments, subsoiling for wheat production would not be recommended. Maximum grain yield was obtained at 10 to 15 % moisture content and tillage depth of 10-15 cm (Mashhad). Optimum moisture content for tillage in Zarghan and Darab areas was 15 - 18 % and 13 -15 % respectively. However water irrigation methods must be study in detail in order to reduce water consumption. Shallow tillage noted as a good substitute for Moldboard plowing because of lower energy consumptions and time saving. The suitable moisture content for surface tillage (disking) is about 10-15 %. The effect of year was significant on different regions due to rainfall variation, temperature differences, and soil nutrition changes over the years. It was proved that for shallow tillage, crop residue is the main problem which planter must be modified with a sharp furrow opener. It is also recommended after each three years of surface tillage a Moldboard plow or deep tillage operations can be used for weed control.
خداوردیلو حبیب - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Determination of crop residues and the physical and mechanical properties of soil in different tillage systems دوره6 شماره1 سال1394
انتشارات دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد, 2014Co-Authors: احمدی مقدم پرویز, افتخاری لعیا, مردانی عارف, خداوردیلو حبیبAbstract:روشهای خاکورزی حفاظتی که با مدیریت مناسب بقایای محصول همراه باشد یکی از راهکارهای مؤثر در جلوگیری از فرسایش خاک، کاهش آلودگی هوا، کاهش مصرف انرژی و کاهش هزینهها در کشاورزی بهشمار میرود. در این تحقیق، تأثیر روشهای مختلف خاکورزی بر پوشش بقایای گیاهی، مقاومت مکانیکی خاک و پایداری خاکدانهها مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. همچنین تأثیر درصدهای مختلف بقایای گیاهی بر مقاومت غلتشی چرخ غیرمحرک در محیط انباره خاک مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. آزمایشات مزرعهای بهصورت فاکتوریل و در قالب طرح بلوکهای کاملاً تصادفی انجام شد. روشهای مختلف خاکورزی در سه تیمار (گاوآهن برگرداندار، گاوآهن بشقابی و گاوآهن چیزل) با چهار تکرار صورت گرفت. مقادیر بقایای گیاهی با استفاده از دو روش برش عرضیِ خطی و روش پردازش تصویر محاسبه گردید. آزمایشات مربوط به مقاومت غلتشی نیز در محیط انباره خاک و در سه سطح 10، 50 و 90 درصد انجام گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که با افزایش شدت خاکورزی، پایداری خاکدانهها کاهش یافته است، بهطوریکه کمترین مقدار پایداری خاکدانه مربوط به تیمارهای خاکورزی شده با گاوآهن برگرداندار و بیشترین مقدار پایداری مختص تیمار خاکورزی شده با گاوآهن چیزل و بشقابی بهدست آمد. نتایج حاصل از بررسی اثر بقایای گیاهی بر مقاومت غلتشی چرخ نشان داد که مقاومت غلتشی تیمارهای مختلف با یکدیگر تفاوت معنیداری ندارند. در نهایت استفاده از گاوآهن بشقابی بهدلیل داشتن درصد بالایی از پوشش بقایای گیاهی و کاهش چشمگیر مقاومت مکانیکی و جرم ویژه ظاهری و نیز حفظ پایداری خاکدانهها، بهعنوان ابزار مناسب خاکورز در این تحقیق توصیه میشود.Introduction: Monitoring and management of soil quality is crucial for sustaining soil function in ecosystem. Tillage is one of the management operations that drastically affect soil physical quality. Conservation tillage methods are one of the efficient solutions in agriculture to reduce the soil erosion, air pollution, energy consumption, and the costs, if there is a proper management on the crop residues. One of the serious problems in agriculture is soil erosion which is rapidly increased in the recent decades as the intensity of tillage increases. This phenomenon occurs more in sloping lands or in the fields which are lacking from crop residues and organic materials. The conservation tillage has an important role in minimizing soil erosion and developing the quality of soil. Hence, it has attracted the attention of more researchers and farmers in the recent years. Materials and Methods: In this study, the effect of different tillage methods has been investigated on the crop residues, mechanical resistance of soil, and the stability of aggregates. This research was performed on the agricultural fields of Urmia University, located in Nazloo zone in 2012. Wheat and barley were planted in these fields, consecutively. The soil texture of these fields was loamy clay and the factorial experiments were done in a completely randomized block design. In this study, effect of three tillage systems including tillage with Moldboard (conventional tillage), tillage with disk plow (reduced tillage), chisel plow (minimum tillage) and control treatment on some soil physical properties was investigated. Depth is second factor that was investigated in three levels including 0-60, 60-140, and 140-200 mm. Moreover, the effect of different percentages of crop residues on the rolling resistance of non-driving wheels was studied in a soil bin. The contents of crop residues have been measured by using the linear transects and image processing methods. In the linear transects method, the experiments were replicated three times in each block due to increasing the accuracy and mean of datawas calculated. The tests were randomly performed in each block. Then, the number of nodes, which are located on crop residues of size 25 mm, longitudinally, was counted. So the percentage of crop residue in each block was calculated through the percentage of nodes. The experiments of rolling resistance were also performed in three levels, 10, 50, and 90% of crop residues, inside the soil bin. Results and Discussion: Result showed that, in comparison with control treatment, tillage operation significantly decreased bulk density (p<0.01), penetration resistance (p<0.01), and aggregates stability (p<0.01), in the soil surface (0-10 cm). Also, the results showed that penetration resistance of soil was increased by depth. The results of variance analysis in crop residue dataset showed that there were significant differences among the treatments in the terms of crop residues (P<0.05). Because of increasing the intensity of tillage and also the different performance of various tillage tools would mix crop residues with the soil and lead to reduce the crop residues. The consequences revealed that the treatments had significant differences in the terms of mechanical resistance of soil at the confidence level of 5%. The mechanical resistance of soil in three levels of depth had the most and the least contents in chisel and disk Plows treatments, respectively. Because of disk Plows can powder soil more than other treatments and chisel Plows can only make narrow in the soil. The results of investigating the effect of crop residues on rolling resistance of wheels showed that there were not any significant differences between the treatments. Conclusions: It can be concluded that increasing the tillage intensity would reduce the stability of aggregates. Thus, the least stability of aggregates was obtained when using Moldboard Plows. However, the most stability was achieved using chisel and disk Plows. Finally, disk plough is recommended as an appropriate tool in this research due to the high percentage of crop residues, lower mechanical resistance, lower bulk density, and higher stability of aggregates in the soil. Generally, in short-term period, conservation tillage (reduced tillage and minimum tillage) results the improvement of soil physical quality in comparison with tillage operation. Further studies on long-term effects of various tillage systems are suggested in order to select and implement of optimum tillage method in the region
Murtadha A. Al-faris - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Studying the Effect of Implement of Two Plowing Depths and Manure Mixing with Soil on the Soil Moisture Content
Basrah Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2017Co-Authors: Shaker H. Adday, Kawther A. Hemeed, Murtadha A. Al-farisAbstract:A field experiment was carried out in silty clay soil at Agricultural Research Station of Garmat Ali in order to study the effect of the plowing depths and manure application on soil moisture content at different soil depths (0-10 (d1), 10-20 (d2), 20-30 (d3), 30-40 (d4), 40-50 (d5) and 50-60 cm (d6)) and two periods (after plowing and after harvesting the sunflower crop). The experiment was conducted using an implement of plowing and manure mixing with soil, which consists of two main parts (two Moldboard Plows and two subsoilers).The implement was designed and manufactured in the Agriculture machines and Equipment Department in 2015. The treatments used in the study were included two levels of manure application (0 and 45.5 ton ha-1) and two plowing depths of Moldboard plow (M) with three plowing depths of subsoiler (S). They were 20 cm of Moldboard plow with 20, 30 and 40 cm of subsoiler (M20S20, M20S30 and M20S40), and 30 cm of Moldboard plow with 10, 20 and 30 cm of subsoiler (M30S10, M30S20 and M30S30). The results showed that the soil moisture content (MC) was significantly decreased with increasing the plowing depths by the Moldboard Plows and subsoilers especially after soil plowing. While, the MC significantly increased with increasing the soil depth after the plowing and after harvesting the crop. In contrast, mixing the manure with soil at level 45.5 ton ha-1 by the manufactured implement increased the soil moisture content by 10.73% after the plowing and by 2.33% after the harvesting the sunflower crop compared with untreated soil with manure.