The Experts below are selected from a list of 39726 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Christine B. Ambrosone - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The development of Molecular Epidemiology to elucidate cancer risk and prognosis: a historical perspective.
International journal of molecular epidemiology and genetics, 2010Co-Authors: Christine B. Ambrosone, Curtis C. HarrisAbstract:Molecular Epidemiology in cancer research grew from the field of chemical carcinogenesis and the use biomarkers for environmental exposures, with incorporation of principles from early pharmacogenetics. Over the years, Molecular Epidemiology has become extremely complex, with studies evaluating associations between cancer risk and prognosis and numerous markers of susceptibility, exposure and early effects, as well as epidemiologic factors. In this article, we review the field of Molecular Epidemiology from a historical perspective, commenting on current status of the field and future directions.
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Review Article The development of Molecular Epidemiology to elucidate cancer risk and prognosis: a historical perspective
2010Co-Authors: Christine B. Ambrosone, Curtis C. HarrisAbstract:Molecular Epidemiology in cancer research grew from the field of chemical carcinogenesis and the use biomarkers for environmental exposures, with incorporation of principles from early pharmacogenetics. Over the years, Molecular Epidemiology has become extremely complex, with studies evaluating associations between cancer risk and prognosis and numerous markers of susceptibility, exposure and early effects, as well as epidemiologic fac- tors. In this article, we review the field of Molecular Epidemiology from a historical perspective, commenting on cur- rent status of the field and future directions.
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The launch of international journal of Molecular Epidemiology and genetics.
International journal of molecular epidemiology and genetics, 2009Co-Authors: Patrick G. Kehoe, Christine B. Ambrosone, Donna K. Arnett, James R. Cerhan, Nancy L. Pedersen, Qingyi Wei, Dengshun WangAbstract:We are very pleased to announce the launch of International Journal of Molecular Epidemiology and Genetics (Int J Molec Epidemiol Genet or IJMEG), which is a new entirely open access online peer-reviewed academic journal. International Journal of Molecular Epidemiology and Genetics was founded in 2009 by a group of international non-clinical and clinical academic researchers from around the world, who are dedicated to the advancement and promotion of understanding of Molecular mechanisms underlying health and disease using an epidemiologic framework. The term ‘Molecular Epidemiology’ has been a presence in the scientific literature since the early 1970s. Molecular Epidemiology follows an analogous model to that of traditional and clinical Epidemiology that investigates levels of disease prevalence and incidence with respect to exposure to various risk factors. Yet, Molecular Epidemiology offers additional levels of information and resolution by integrating data from Molecular, cellular and tissue-based investigations. This integration of additional mechanistic information can therefore enrich novel avenues of research, prevention and intervention to improve health. International Journal of Molecular Epidemiology and Genetics is therefore designed as a journal to formally host the publication of all facets of Molecular epidemiological research that integrate Molecular, technical (laboratory and information technology based) and analytical methodologies into the study of multiple disease endpoints. International Journal of Molecular Epidemiology and Genetics offers many of the valuable qualities of exceptional general and more focussed journals on Epidemiology and genetics already in existence, but also emphasises the utility and scope of incorporating biological mechanisms, indicators and practicalities in the measurement of factors affecting the health and illness of populations. Unlike most other open access online journals, International Journal of Molecular Epidemiology and Genetics will retain many familiar and traditional features of a paper-based publication, such as a unique cover page for every issue and continuous volume, issue and page numbers consistent with other academic journals. The scope offered by International Journal of Molecular Epidemiology and Genetics is reflected by our exceptional International Editorial Board. This comprises multi-disciplinary researchers from a wide variety of disease backgrounds yet who share a common focus of trying to increase and integrate knowledge about chronic disease aetiology that will advance the prevention and cure of these diseases and improve public health in general. The Editorial Board has been hand-picked to help the journal strive to publish high quality research and ideas on disease aetiology from the international community and that it sees as epitomising the philosophies and approaches underpinning Molecular Epidemiology. International Journal of Molecular Epidemiology and Genetics will provide and maintain the highest quality standards of service to our contributors who can avail of a wide variety of publication formats in keeping with many traditional academic journals. This includes scope to publish brief Genetic Association Reports and Meta-Analvsis studies of disease susceptibility genes. The journal will also support forum-based discussion through the availability of commentary and letters to the editor formats as well as incorporating educational and instructional formats including traditional original and review articles that may also have emphasis towards technical or methodological approaches to data collection and integration which will be of value to Molecular Epidemiologists around the world. International Journal of Molecular Epidemiology and Genetics will constantly strive for rapid peer review of all manuscripts, their prompt return with reviewers' comments and with a fair editorial decision. The journal will publish all accepted manuscripts online within two weeks of formal acceptance and thus all articles will be immediately available ahead of completed issues. With publication of this inaugural issue, International Journal of Molecular Epidemiology and Genetics will be submitted to the National Library of Medicine, Washington DC for indexing and abstracting in PubMed. We also wish to convey our sincere thanks to the many people whose support and suggestions have enabled the launch of this new journal which we hope will always serve as a prominent option for the publication of your future research and ideas.
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SNPs, haplotypes, and cancer: applications in Molecular Epidemiology.
Cancer epidemiology biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research cosponsored by the American Society of Pre, 2004Co-Authors: Timothy R. Rebbeck, Christine B. Ambrosone, Fred F. Kadlubar, Douglas A. Bell, Stephen J. Chanock, Richard B. Hayes, Duncan C. ThomasAbstract:The ongoing discovery of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and characterization of haplotypes in human populations is having a fundamental impact on Molecular Epidemiology. While likely common polymorphic variants interact with exposures to cause human cancer, the ability to evaluate the role
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Toward an Integrated Approach to Molecular Epidemiology
American journal of epidemiology, 1997Co-Authors: Christine B. Ambrosone, Fred F. KadlubarAbstract:The emergence of "Molecular Epidemiology" as a scientific approach within the fields of Epidemiology and toxicology has led to spirited discussion within the biomedical community, particularly in the area of cancer research. At scientific meetings and in peer-reviewed journals, numerous issues have been raised not only with regard to the practice of Molecular Epidemiology, but also with regard to its role in traditional Epidemiology, toxicology, and risk assessment. Furthermore, the utility of information gleaned from such studies and the implications for public health have been the subject of considerable debate. Conceptual differences in how one views the function of epidemiologic and laboratory research may be reflected in discussions on the merits of Molecular Epidemiology. This commentary reviews some of the prevailing attitudes toward Molecular Epidemiology, with the goal of identifying areas of concern and suggesting means of achieving harmonization. The need for cross-training of epidemiologists and laboratory scientists is discussed, and suggestions are made for building successful collaborative relations across disciplines.
C C Harris - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Molecular Epidemiology of human cancer.
Toxicology letters, 1998Co-Authors: S P Hussain, C C HarrisAbstract:A challenging goal of Molecular Epidemiology is to identify an individual's risk of cancer. Molecular Epidemiology integrates Molecular biology, in vitro and in vivo laboratory models, biochemistry, and Epidemiology to infer individual cancer risk. Molecular dosimetry of carcinogen exposure is an important facet of Molecular Epidemiology and cancer risk assessment. Carcinogen macroMolecular adduct levels, cytogenetic alterations and somatic cell mutations can be measured to determine the biologically-effective doses of carcinogens. Molecular Epidemiology also explores host cancer susceptibilities, such as carcinogen metabolism, DNA repair, and epigenetic and genetic alterations in tumor suppressor genes. p53 is a prototype tumor suppressor gene and is well suited for analysis of mutational spectrum in human cancer. The analyses of germline and somatic mutation spectra of the p53 tumor suppressor gene provide important clues for cancer risk assessment in Molecular Epidemiology. For example, characteristic p53 mutation spectra have been associated with: dietary aflatoxin B1 exposure and hepatocellular carcinoma; sunlight exposure and skin carcinoma; and cigarette smoking and lung cancer. The mutation spectrum also reveals those p53 mutants that provide cells with a selective clonal-expansion advantage during the multistep process of carcinogenesis. The p53 gene encodes a multifunctional protein involved in the cellular response to stress including DNA damage and hypoxia. Certain p53 mutants lose tumor suppressor activity and gain oncogenic activity, which is one explanation for the commonality of p53 mutations in human cancer. Molecular epidemiological results can be evaluated for causation by inference of the Bradford-Hill criteria, i.e. strength of association (consistency, specificity and temporality) and biological plausibility, which utilizes the 'weight of the evidence principle'.
Patrick G. Kehoe - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Molecular Epidemiology of infectious diseases - expanding horizons for IJMEG.
International journal of molecular epidemiology and genetics, 2010Co-Authors: Lihua Xiao, Patrick G. KehoeAbstract:With the publication in this issue of the first article on Molecular Epidemiology of hepatitis C virus in this issue [1], IJMEG has broadened its scope of coverage of Molecular Epidemiology from purely focusing on chronic diseases to include both chronic and infectious diseases. Accordingly, IJMEG has begun to make adjustments to its editorial board.
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The launch of international journal of Molecular Epidemiology and genetics.
International journal of molecular epidemiology and genetics, 2009Co-Authors: Patrick G. Kehoe, Christine B. Ambrosone, Donna K. Arnett, James R. Cerhan, Nancy L. Pedersen, Qingyi Wei, Dengshun WangAbstract:We are very pleased to announce the launch of International Journal of Molecular Epidemiology and Genetics (Int J Molec Epidemiol Genet or IJMEG), which is a new entirely open access online peer-reviewed academic journal. International Journal of Molecular Epidemiology and Genetics was founded in 2009 by a group of international non-clinical and clinical academic researchers from around the world, who are dedicated to the advancement and promotion of understanding of Molecular mechanisms underlying health and disease using an epidemiologic framework. The term ‘Molecular Epidemiology’ has been a presence in the scientific literature since the early 1970s. Molecular Epidemiology follows an analogous model to that of traditional and clinical Epidemiology that investigates levels of disease prevalence and incidence with respect to exposure to various risk factors. Yet, Molecular Epidemiology offers additional levels of information and resolution by integrating data from Molecular, cellular and tissue-based investigations. This integration of additional mechanistic information can therefore enrich novel avenues of research, prevention and intervention to improve health. International Journal of Molecular Epidemiology and Genetics is therefore designed as a journal to formally host the publication of all facets of Molecular epidemiological research that integrate Molecular, technical (laboratory and information technology based) and analytical methodologies into the study of multiple disease endpoints. International Journal of Molecular Epidemiology and Genetics offers many of the valuable qualities of exceptional general and more focussed journals on Epidemiology and genetics already in existence, but also emphasises the utility and scope of incorporating biological mechanisms, indicators and practicalities in the measurement of factors affecting the health and illness of populations. Unlike most other open access online journals, International Journal of Molecular Epidemiology and Genetics will retain many familiar and traditional features of a paper-based publication, such as a unique cover page for every issue and continuous volume, issue and page numbers consistent with other academic journals. The scope offered by International Journal of Molecular Epidemiology and Genetics is reflected by our exceptional International Editorial Board. This comprises multi-disciplinary researchers from a wide variety of disease backgrounds yet who share a common focus of trying to increase and integrate knowledge about chronic disease aetiology that will advance the prevention and cure of these diseases and improve public health in general. The Editorial Board has been hand-picked to help the journal strive to publish high quality research and ideas on disease aetiology from the international community and that it sees as epitomising the philosophies and approaches underpinning Molecular Epidemiology. International Journal of Molecular Epidemiology and Genetics will provide and maintain the highest quality standards of service to our contributors who can avail of a wide variety of publication formats in keeping with many traditional academic journals. This includes scope to publish brief Genetic Association Reports and Meta-Analvsis studies of disease susceptibility genes. The journal will also support forum-based discussion through the availability of commentary and letters to the editor formats as well as incorporating educational and instructional formats including traditional original and review articles that may also have emphasis towards technical or methodological approaches to data collection and integration which will be of value to Molecular Epidemiologists around the world. International Journal of Molecular Epidemiology and Genetics will constantly strive for rapid peer review of all manuscripts, their prompt return with reviewers' comments and with a fair editorial decision. The journal will publish all accepted manuscripts online within two weeks of formal acceptance and thus all articles will be immediately available ahead of completed issues. With publication of this inaugural issue, International Journal of Molecular Epidemiology and Genetics will be submitted to the National Library of Medicine, Washington DC for indexing and abstracting in PubMed. We also wish to convey our sincere thanks to the many people whose support and suggestions have enabled the launch of this new journal which we hope will always serve as a prominent option for the publication of your future research and ideas.
Susan J. Little - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Ethical issues in HIV phylogenetics and Molecular Epidemiology.
Current opinion in HIV and AIDS, 2019Co-Authors: Sanjay Mehta, Cynthia E. Schairer, Susan J. LittleAbstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW HIV phylogenetic and Molecular Epidemiology analyses are increasingly being performed with a goal of improving HIV prevention efforts. However, ethical, legal and social issues are associated with these analyses, and should be considered when performed. RECENT FINDINGS Several working groups have recently outlined the major issues surrounding the use of Molecular Epidemiology for HIV prevention. First, the benefits of HIV Molecular Epidemiology remain unclear, and further work is needed to quantitatively demonstrate the benefits that can be expected. Second, privacy loss is an important risk, with implications of disclosure varying by the regional legal and social climate. Inferential privacy risks will increase with technological improvements in sequencing and analysis. Third, data sharing, which enhances the utility of the data, may also increase the risk of inferential privacy loss. Mitigation strategies are available to address each of these issues. SUMMARY HIV Molecular Epidemiology for research and public health pose significant ethical issues that continue to evolve with improving technology, increased sampling and a changing legal and social climate. Guidance surrounding these issues needs to be developed for researchers and public health officials in an iterative and region specific manner that accounts for the potential benefits and risks of this technology.
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Perceptions of Molecular Epidemiology studies of HIV among stakeholders
Journal of public health research, 2017Co-Authors: Cynthia E. Schairer, Sanjay Mehta, Staal A. Vinterbo, Martin Hoenigl, Michael W. Kalichman, Susan J. LittleAbstract:Background: Advances in viral sequence analysis make it possible to track the spread of infectious pathogens, such as HIV, within a population. When used to study HIV, these analyses (i.e., Molecular Epidemiology) potentially allow inference of the identity of individual research subjects. Current privacy standards are likely insufficient for this type of public health research. To address this challenge, it will be important to understand how stakeholders feel about the benefits and risks of such research. Design and Methods: To better understand perceived benefits and risks of these research methods, in-depth qualitative interviews were conducted with HIV-infected individuals, individuals at high-risk for contracting HIV, and professionals in HIV care and prevention. To gather additional perspectives, attendees to a public lecture on Molecular Epidemiology were asked to complete an informal questionnaire. Results: Among those interviewed and polled, there was near unanimous support for using Molecular Epidemiology to study HIV. Questionnaires showed strong agreement about benefits of Molecular Epidemiology, but diverse attitudes regarding risks. Interviewees acknowledged several risks, including privacy breaches and provocation of anti-gay sentiment. The interviews also demonstrated a possibility that misunderstandings about Molecular Epidemiology may affect how risks and benefits are evaluated. Conclusions: While nearly all study participants agree that the benefits of HIV Molecular Epidemiology outweigh the risks, concerns about privacy must be addressed to ensure continued trust in research institutions and willingness to participate in research.
Akihide Matsumura - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Rationale and design of the Japan Molecular Epidemiology for lung cancer study.
Clinical lung cancer, 2013Co-Authors: Tomoya Kawaguchi, Masahiko Ando, Norimasa Ito, Shun-ichi Isa, Akihiro Tamiya, Shigeki Shimizu, Hideo Saka, Akihito Kubo, Yasuhiro Koh, Akihide MatsumuraAbstract:Abstract We present the rationale for the Japan Molecular Epidemiology for Lung Cancer study designed to elucidate Molecular mechanisms of carcinogenesis in smokers and never-smokers with non–small-cell lung cancer. This prospective, ongoing, multicenter study is being conducted nationwide in Japan. Although there is no doubt that active smoking is the major cause of lung cancer, the contribution of other possible factors, including environmental tobacco or wood smoke, human papilloma virus, radon, occupational exposures, and genetic susceptibility, is highly likely, based on studies of never-smokers with non–small-cell lung cancer. Because of the predominance of women in the never-smoker subgroup, the role of female hormones in lung cancer development has also been considered. We hypothesize that driver mutations, which are critical for the development of lung cancer, are triggered by the environmental factors with or without the influence of the hormone. The SWOG-led intergroup Molecular Epidemiology study S0424 was conducted to focus on these issues by using a detailed questionnaire and specimen collection in statistically significant cohorts of smokers and never-smokers from both sexes. The Japan Molecular Epidemiology for Lung Cancer study follows and extends the S0424 Molecular Epidemiology concept in principle by using a similar approach that will facilitate future comparisons between the studies but with a greater focus on more recently defined driver mutations and broad genomic sequencing.
