The Experts below are selected from a list of 3876 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Alex D. Greenwood - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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a nuclear dna phylogeny of the woolly mammoth mammuthus primigenius
2006Co-Authors: Cristian Capelli, Nicholas J Georgiadis, Francesca Brisighelli, Alfred L Roca, Alex D. Greenwood, Ross D. E. Macphee, Stephen J ObrienAbstract:a Istituto di Medicina Legale, Universita Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy b Division of Vertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, New York, USA c Laboratory of Genomic Diversity, Basic Research Program, SAIC-Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA d Laboratory of Genomic Diversity, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA e Mpala Research Center, P.O. Box 555, Nanyuki, Kenya f GSF-National Research Centre for Environment and Health, Institute of Molecular Virology, Neuherberg, Germany g Technical University of Munich, Institute of Virology, Munich, Germany
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a nuclear dna phylogeny of the woolly mammoth mammuthus primigenius
2006Co-Authors: Cristian Capelli, Nicholas J Georgiadis, Francesca Brisighelli, Alfred L Roca, Alex D. Greenwood, Ross D. E. Macphee, Stephen J ObrienAbstract:a Istituto di Medicina Legale, Universita Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy b Division of Vertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, New York, USA c Laboratory of Genomic Diversity, Basic Research Program, SAIC-Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA d Laboratory of Genomic Diversity, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA e Mpala Research Center, P.O. Box 555, Nanyuki, Kenya f GSF-National Research Centre for Environment and Health, Institute of Molecular Virology, Neuherberg, Germany g Technical University of Munich, Institute of Virology, Munich, Germany
Shahid Jameel - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Molecular Virology of hepatitis E virus.
2013Co-Authors: R. Prasida Holla, Zulfazal Ahmad, Imran Ahmad, Shahid JameelAbstract:Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is the causative agent of hepatitis E. It is a nonenveloped virus with a ∼7.2 kilobases positive-stranded RNA genome. The Molecular Virology of HEV is getting better understood with the development of replicons and in vitro infection systems, and the discovery of related viruses that infect animal species other than humans. This review focuses on the Virology of HEV and updates the current knowledge on the HEV genome and its constituent proteins—ORF1, ORF2, and ORF3, and the viral life cycle.
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Molecular Virology of hepatitis e virus
2011Co-Authors: Imran Ahmad, Prasida R Holla, Shahid JameelAbstract:This review details the Molecular Virology of the hepatitis E virus (HEV). While replicons and in vitro infection systems have recently become available, a lot of information on HEV has been generated through comparisons with better-studied positive-strand RNA viruses and through subgenomic expression of viral open reading frames. These models are now being verified with replicon and infection systems. We provide here the current knowledge on the HEV genome and its constituent proteins - ORF1, ORF2 and ORF3. Based on the available information, we also modify the existing model of the HEV life cycle.
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Molecular biology and pathogenesis of hepatitis e virus
2008Co-Authors: Vivek Chandra, Shikha Taneja, Manjula Kalia, Shahid JameelAbstract:The hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a small RNA virus and the etiological agent for hepatitis E, a form of acute viral hepatitis. The virus has a feco-oral transmission cycle and is transmitted through environmental contamination, mainly through drinking water. Recent studies on the isolation of HEV-like viruses from animal species also suggest zoonotic transfer of the virus. The absence of small animal models of infection and efficient cell culture systems has precluded virological studies on the replication cycle and pathogenesis of HEV. A vaccine against HEV has undergone successful clinical testing and diagnostic tests are available. This review describes HEV epidemiology, clinical presentation, pathogenesis, Molecular Virology and the host response to HEV infection. The focus is on published literature in the past decade.
H E Blum - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Molecular Virology of hepatitis c virus hcv 2006 update
2006Co-Authors: Volker Brass, Darius Moradpour, H E BlumAbstract:Fascinating progress in the understanding of the Molecular biology of hepatitis C virus (HCV) was achieved recently. The replicon system revolutionized the investigation of HCV RNA replication and facilitated drug discovery. Novel systems for functional analyses of the HCV glycoproteins allowed the validation of HCV receptor candidates and the investigation of cell entry mechanisms. Most recently, recombinant infectious HCV could be produced in cell culture, rendering all steps of the viral life cycle, including entry and release of viral particles, amenable to systematic analysis. In this review, we summarize recent advances and discuss future research directions.
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a primer on the Molecular Virology of hepatitis c
2004Co-Authors: Darius Moradpour, H E BlumAbstract:: Exciting advances have recently been made in the understanding of the Molecular Virology of hepatitis C. Powerful model systems have been developed that allow to systematically dissect important steps of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) life cycle. These include new systems for functional analyses of the HCV glycoproteins, providing insights into possible HCV receptors and cell entry mechanisms, and the replicon system, which has revolutionized investigation of HCV RNA replication and has facilitated drug discovery efforts. The largest gaps remain in the understanding of the virion structure and the processes that lead to the assembly, packaging and release of virions. However, given the pace of current HCV research, progress in these directions may be expected in the near future. Here, we provide a primer on the Molecular Virology of hepatitis C, with particular reference to novel antiviral targets and therapeutic strategies.
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Molecular Virology of hepatitis c
2002Co-Authors: Darius Moradpour, Volker Brass, Rainer Gosert, Benno Wolk, H E BlumAbstract:Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a leading cause of chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma worldwide. Here, we will briefly review current concepts of the Molecular Virology of hepatitis C. In vitro and in vivo models of HCV replication will be discussed in this context. Finally, novel antiviral strategies will be outlined that result from an improved understanding of the viral life cycle.
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hepatitis c Molecular Virology and antiviral targets
2002Co-Authors: Darius Moradpour, Volker Brass, Rainer Gosert, Benno Wolk, H E BlumAbstract:Chronic hepatitis C is a leading cause of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma worldwide. Although current treatment options are limited, progress in understanding the Molecular Virology of hepatitis C has led to the identification of novel antiviral targets. Moreover, in vitro and in vivo model systems have been developed that allow systematic evaluation of new therapeutic strategies. This review details current concepts in Molecular Virology and emerging therapies for hepatitis C.
Darius Moradpour - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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future landscape of hepatitis c research basic translational and clinical perspectives
2016Co-Authors: Darius Moradpour, Arash Grakoui, Michael P MannsAbstract:With the latest all-oral interferon- and ribavirin-free regimens based on direct acting antivirals against the hepatitis C virus (HCV), sustained virological response rates of >90% are achieved, which is equivalent to cure. This has become possible for all genotypes and all subgroups of patients, including many of the most difficult-to-treat populations so far. Since a prophylactic HCV vaccine is not yet available, control of HCV infection will for the time being have to rely on the use of effective and safe antiviral treatments as well as their accessibility and affordability. Different approaches may apply to different parts of the world, eradication of HCV representing a major long-term goal. Whether hepatitis C becomes the first chronic viral infection to be eradicated without a prophylactic vaccine remains to be shown. Here, we briefly summarize advances in the Molecular Virology of hepatitis C, highlight lessons of biological relevance that were learned through the study of HCV, and its translational and clinical implications. We have also listed selected unsolved challenges, emphasizing that HCV is a unique model and that advances in this direction may yield knowledge of broad biological significance, novel technologies and insights into related important human pathogens.
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Molecular Virology of hepatitis c virus hcv 2006 update
2006Co-Authors: Volker Brass, Darius Moradpour, H E BlumAbstract:Fascinating progress in the understanding of the Molecular biology of hepatitis C virus (HCV) was achieved recently. The replicon system revolutionized the investigation of HCV RNA replication and facilitated drug discovery. Novel systems for functional analyses of the HCV glycoproteins allowed the validation of HCV receptor candidates and the investigation of cell entry mechanisms. Most recently, recombinant infectious HCV could be produced in cell culture, rendering all steps of the viral life cycle, including entry and release of viral particles, amenable to systematic analysis. In this review, we summarize recent advances and discuss future research directions.
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a primer on the Molecular Virology of hepatitis c
2004Co-Authors: Darius Moradpour, H E BlumAbstract:: Exciting advances have recently been made in the understanding of the Molecular Virology of hepatitis C. Powerful model systems have been developed that allow to systematically dissect important steps of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) life cycle. These include new systems for functional analyses of the HCV glycoproteins, providing insights into possible HCV receptors and cell entry mechanisms, and the replicon system, which has revolutionized investigation of HCV RNA replication and has facilitated drug discovery efforts. The largest gaps remain in the understanding of the virion structure and the processes that lead to the assembly, packaging and release of virions. However, given the pace of current HCV research, progress in these directions may be expected in the near future. Here, we provide a primer on the Molecular Virology of hepatitis C, with particular reference to novel antiviral targets and therapeutic strategies.
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Molecular Virology of hepatitis c
2002Co-Authors: Darius Moradpour, Volker Brass, Rainer Gosert, Benno Wolk, H E BlumAbstract:Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a leading cause of chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma worldwide. Here, we will briefly review current concepts of the Molecular Virology of hepatitis C. In vitro and in vivo models of HCV replication will be discussed in this context. Finally, novel antiviral strategies will be outlined that result from an improved understanding of the viral life cycle.
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hepatitis c Molecular Virology and antiviral targets
2002Co-Authors: Darius Moradpour, Volker Brass, Rainer Gosert, Benno Wolk, H E BlumAbstract:Chronic hepatitis C is a leading cause of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma worldwide. Although current treatment options are limited, progress in understanding the Molecular Virology of hepatitis C has led to the identification of novel antiviral targets. Moreover, in vitro and in vivo model systems have been developed that allow systematic evaluation of new therapeutic strategies. This review details current concepts in Molecular Virology and emerging therapies for hepatitis C.
Stephen Locarnini - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Molecular Virology of hepatitis b virus and the development of antiviral drug resistance
2006Co-Authors: Stephen Locarnini, Masao OmataAbstract:: The active replication phases of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) are marked by a high frequency of mutational events resulting from an enormous daily viral turnover rate and an error-prone polymerase. Because HBV is not directly cytopathic, it is the host's immune response that accounts for most of the liver disease associated with persistent infection. HBV escape mutants can be found at the transitional phases of chronic hepatitis B, such as hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-positive versus HBeAg-negative infection, and these mutants are selected out from the diverse quasispecies pool comprising the HBV population at that time. Not surprisingly, the introduction of nucleoside and nucleotide analog therapy has also seen the emergence of drug resistance, which has become the major factor limiting the long-term application of antiviral agents for patients with chronic hepatitis B. Thus, the prevention of resistance requires the adoption of strategies that effectively control virus replication and exploit a detailed understanding of the mechanisms and processes that drive the emergence of drug resistance.
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Molecular Virology and the development of resistant mutants implications for therapy
2005Co-Authors: Stephen LocarniniAbstract:Two of the key events in the viral life cycle of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) involve (1) generation from genomic DNA of the covalently closed circular DNA transcriptional template and (2) reverse transcription of the viral pregenomic RNA to form the HBV DNA genome. Because the virus employs reverse transcription to copy its genome, mutant viral genomes are found frequently. Particular selection pressures, both endogenous (host immune clearance) and exogenous (vaccines and antivirals), readily select out these escape mutants. The introduction of nucleoside/nucleotide analogue therapy has seen the emergence of drug resistance as the major factor limiting drug efficacy. The development of drug resistance is not unexpected if viral replication continues in the setting of ongoing treatment, especially monotherapy. Thus, prevention of resistance requires the adoption of strategies that effectively control virus replication.
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Molecular Virology of hepatitis b virus
2004Co-Authors: Stephen LocarniniAbstract:Hepatitis B virus (HBV) has evolved a unique life cycle that results in the production of enormous viral loads during active replication without actually killing the infected cell directly. Because HBV uses reverse transcription to copy its DNA genome, mutant viral genomes emerge frequently. Particular selection pressures, both endogenous (host immune clearance) and exogenous (vaccines and antiviral drugs), readily select out these escape mutants. Which particular viral mutations or combination of mutations directly affect the clinical outcome of infection are not known. Further studies are clearly needed to identify the pathogenic basis and clinical sequelae arising from the selection of these mutants.