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Edmund J S Sonugabarke - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • an electrophysiological Monetary Incentive delay e mid task a way to decompose the different components of neural response to positive and negative Monetary reinforcement
    Journal of Neuroscience Methods, 2012
    Co-Authors: Samantha J Broyd, Helen J Richards, Suzannah K Helps, Georgia Chronaki, Susan Bamford, Edmund J S Sonugabarke
    Abstract:

    Abstract Background The ability to anticipate and then secure future rewards and avoid future punishments by responding effectively to environmental demands is at the core of successful decision making. Disruptions to these processes have been shown to be implicated in a number of psychiatric conditions. In the current paper we use the electrophysiological Monetary Incentive delay task (e-MID) to decompose the neural response to (i) reinforcement anticipation, (ii) reinforcement-contingent target processing and (iii) reinforcement-related feedback. Methods Thirty-eight adolescents and young adults performed an ERP-based analogue of the Monetary Incentive delay task. ERP components previously associated with motivationally salient cue (cue-P3 and contingent negative variation, CNV), target (P3) and feedback (success vs. failure; feedback-related negativity; FRN and the late positive potential; LPP) stimuli were examined. Results Response times were shorter and less variable in the Monetary gain and loss conditions. Distinctive ERP components were observed for each phase of reinforcement processing. First, cue-P3 was enhanced to Monetary gain cues. Predicted alterations in cue-P3 following Monetary loss cues and the CNV following cues of either Monetary loss or gain were not observed. Target P3 was enhanced in both Incentive conditions. The FRN was greater following Monetary loss feedback. LPP amplitude was enhanced following feedback denoting Monetary gain and the avoidance of Monetary loss. Conclusion Although behaviourally the effects of Monetary loss and gain were similar, the e-MID task differentiated neural processing in terms of anticipation and feedback-related brain potentials. The e-MID task and the results of the current study provide a valuable complement to fMRI-based approaches to studying normal and abnormal brain correlates of reinforcement processing.

Michael C. Stevens - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • effects of the fyn kinase inhibitor saracatinib on ventral striatal activity during performance of an fmri Monetary Incentive delay task in individuals family history positive or negative for alcohol use disorder a pilot randomised trial
    Neuropsychopharmacology, 2021
    Co-Authors: Krishna T Patel, Michael C. Stevens, Marc N Potenza, Amanda Dunlap, Alana Gallagher, Stephanie S Omalley, Kelly S Demartini, John H Krystal, Godfrey D. Pearlson
    Abstract:

    Altered striatal regulation of the GluN2B subunit of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) glutamate receptors by the Fyn/Src family of protein tyrosine kinases has been implicated in animal alcohol consumption. Previously, we have described differences between individuals positive (FHP) and negative (FHN) for familial alcohol use disorder (AUD) in the ventral striatal (VS) activation associated with Monetary Incentive delay task (MIDT) performance during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Here, we used AZD0530 (saracatinib), a centrally active Fyn/Src inhibitor to probe the role of Fyn/Src regulation of NMDA receptors (NMDAR) in VS activation differences between FHP and FHN individuals during fMRI MIDT performance. We studied 21 FHN and 22 FHP individuals, all without AUD. In two sessions, spaced 1 week apart, we administered 125 mg of saracatinib or placebo in a double-blind manner, prior to measuring VS signal during fMRI MIDT performance. MIDT comprises reward prospect, anticipation, and outcome phases. During the initial (prospect of reward) task phase, there was a significant group-by-condition interaction such that, relative to placebo, saracatinib reduced VS BOLD signal in FHP and increased it in FHN individuals. This study provides the first human evidence that elevated signaling in striatal protein kinase A-dependent pathways may contribute to familial AUD risk via amplifying the neural response to the prospect of reward. As Fyn kinase is responsible for NMDAR upregulation, these data are consistent with previous evidence for upregulated NMDAR function within reward circuitry in AUD risk. These findings also suggest a possible therapeutic role for Src/Fyn kinase inhibitors in AUD risk.

  • Neuroimaging data sharing on the neuroinformatics database platform
    NeuroImage, 2015
    Co-Authors: Gregory A. Book, David C Glahn, Michael C. Stevens, Michal Assaf, Godfrey D. Pearlson
    Abstract:

    Abstract We describe the Neuroinformatics Database (NiDB), an open-source database platform for archiving, analysis, and sharing of neuroimaging data. Data from the multi-site projects Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange (ABIDE), Bipolar–Schizophrenia Network on Intermediate Phenotypes parts one and two (B–SNIP1, B–SNIP2), and Monetary Incentive Delay task (MID) are available for download from the public instance of NiDB, with more projects sharing data as it becomes available. As demonstrated by making several large datasets available, NiDB is an extensible platform appropriately suited to archive and distribute shared neuroimaging data.

  • robust changes in reward circuitry during reward loss in current and former cocaine users during performance of a Monetary Incentive delay task
    Biological Psychiatry, 2013
    Co-Authors: Krishna T Patel, Michael C. Stevens, Godfrey D. Pearlson, Marc N Potenza, Shashwath A Meda, Christine Muska, Andre D Thomas
    Abstract:

    Background Abnormal function in reward circuitry in cocaine addiction could predate drug use as a risk factor, follow drug use as a consequence of substance-induced alterations, or both. Methods We used a functional magnetic resonance imaging Monetary Incentive delay task (MIDT) to investigate reward-loss neural response differences among 42 current cocaine users, 35 former cocaine users, and 47 healthy subjects who also completed psychological measures and tasks related to impulsivity and reward. Results We found various reward processing-related group differences in several MIDT phases. Across task phases we found a control > current user > former user activation pattern, except for loss outcome, where former compared with current cocaine users activated ventral tegmental area more robustly. We also found regional prefrontal activation differences during loss anticipation between cocaine-using groups. Both groups of cocaine users scored higher than control subjects on impulsivity, compulsivity and reward-punishment sensitivity factors. In addition, impulsivity-related factors correlated positively with activation in amygdala and negatively with anterior cingulate activation during loss anticipation. Conclusions Compared with healthy subjects, both former and current users displayed abnormal brain activation patterns during MIDT performance. Both cocaine groups differed similarly from healthy subjects, but differences between former and current users were localized to the ventral tegmental area during loss outcome and to prefrontal regions during loss anticipation, suggesting that long-term cocaine abstinence does not normalize most reward circuit abnormalities. Elevated impulsivity-related factors that relate to loss processing in current and former users suggest that these tendencies and relationships may pre-exist cocaine addiction.

  • individuals family history positive for alcoholism show functional magnetic resonance imaging differences in reward sensitivity that are related to impulsivity factors
    Biological Psychiatry, 2011
    Co-Authors: Melissa M Andrews, Michael C. Stevens, Marc N Potenza, Shashwath A Meda, Andre D Thomas, Stephanie S Omalley, John H Krystal, Patrick D Worhunsky, Gregory A. Book
    Abstract:

    Background Substance-abusing individuals tend to display abnormal reward processing and a vulnerability to being impulsive. Detoxified alcoholics show differences in regional brain activation during a Monetary Incentive delay task. However, there is limited information on whether this uncharacteristic behavior represents a biological predisposition toward alcohol abuse, a consequence of chronic alcohol use, or both. Methods We investigated proposed neural correlates of substance disorder risk by examining reward system activity during a Monetary Incentive delay task with separate reward prospect, reward anticipation, and reward outcome phases in 30 individuals with and 19 without family histories of alcoholism. All subjects were healthy, lacked DSM-IV past or current alcohol or substance abuse histories, and were free of illegal substances as verified by a urine toxicology screening at the time of scanning. Additionally, we explored specific correlations between task-related nucleus accumbens (NAcc) activation and distinct factor analysis-derived domains of behavioral impulsivity. Results During reward anticipation, functional magnetic resonance imaging data confirmed blunted NAcc activation in family history positive subjects. In addition, we found atypical activation in additional reward-associated brain regions during additional task phases. We further found a significant negative correlation between NAcc activation during reward anticipation and an impulsivity construct. Conclusions Overall, results demonstrate that sensitivity of the reward circuit, including NAcc, is functionally different in alcoholism family history positive individuals in multiple regards.

Godfrey D. Pearlson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • effects of the fyn kinase inhibitor saracatinib on ventral striatal activity during performance of an fmri Monetary Incentive delay task in individuals family history positive or negative for alcohol use disorder a pilot randomised trial
    Neuropsychopharmacology, 2021
    Co-Authors: Krishna T Patel, Michael C. Stevens, Marc N Potenza, Amanda Dunlap, Alana Gallagher, Stephanie S Omalley, Kelly S Demartini, John H Krystal, Godfrey D. Pearlson
    Abstract:

    Altered striatal regulation of the GluN2B subunit of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) glutamate receptors by the Fyn/Src family of protein tyrosine kinases has been implicated in animal alcohol consumption. Previously, we have described differences between individuals positive (FHP) and negative (FHN) for familial alcohol use disorder (AUD) in the ventral striatal (VS) activation associated with Monetary Incentive delay task (MIDT) performance during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Here, we used AZD0530 (saracatinib), a centrally active Fyn/Src inhibitor to probe the role of Fyn/Src regulation of NMDA receptors (NMDAR) in VS activation differences between FHP and FHN individuals during fMRI MIDT performance. We studied 21 FHN and 22 FHP individuals, all without AUD. In two sessions, spaced 1 week apart, we administered 125 mg of saracatinib or placebo in a double-blind manner, prior to measuring VS signal during fMRI MIDT performance. MIDT comprises reward prospect, anticipation, and outcome phases. During the initial (prospect of reward) task phase, there was a significant group-by-condition interaction such that, relative to placebo, saracatinib reduced VS BOLD signal in FHP and increased it in FHN individuals. This study provides the first human evidence that elevated signaling in striatal protein kinase A-dependent pathways may contribute to familial AUD risk via amplifying the neural response to the prospect of reward. As Fyn kinase is responsible for NMDAR upregulation, these data are consistent with previous evidence for upregulated NMDAR function within reward circuitry in AUD risk. These findings also suggest a possible therapeutic role for Src/Fyn kinase inhibitors in AUD risk.

  • Neuroimaging data sharing on the neuroinformatics database platform
    NeuroImage, 2015
    Co-Authors: Gregory A. Book, David C Glahn, Michael C. Stevens, Michal Assaf, Godfrey D. Pearlson
    Abstract:

    Abstract We describe the Neuroinformatics Database (NiDB), an open-source database platform for archiving, analysis, and sharing of neuroimaging data. Data from the multi-site projects Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange (ABIDE), Bipolar–Schizophrenia Network on Intermediate Phenotypes parts one and two (B–SNIP1, B–SNIP2), and Monetary Incentive Delay task (MID) are available for download from the public instance of NiDB, with more projects sharing data as it becomes available. As demonstrated by making several large datasets available, NiDB is an extensible platform appropriately suited to archive and distribute shared neuroimaging data.

  • robust changes in reward circuitry during reward loss in current and former cocaine users during performance of a Monetary Incentive delay task
    Biological Psychiatry, 2013
    Co-Authors: Krishna T Patel, Michael C. Stevens, Godfrey D. Pearlson, Marc N Potenza, Shashwath A Meda, Christine Muska, Andre D Thomas
    Abstract:

    Background Abnormal function in reward circuitry in cocaine addiction could predate drug use as a risk factor, follow drug use as a consequence of substance-induced alterations, or both. Methods We used a functional magnetic resonance imaging Monetary Incentive delay task (MIDT) to investigate reward-loss neural response differences among 42 current cocaine users, 35 former cocaine users, and 47 healthy subjects who also completed psychological measures and tasks related to impulsivity and reward. Results We found various reward processing-related group differences in several MIDT phases. Across task phases we found a control > current user > former user activation pattern, except for loss outcome, where former compared with current cocaine users activated ventral tegmental area more robustly. We also found regional prefrontal activation differences during loss anticipation between cocaine-using groups. Both groups of cocaine users scored higher than control subjects on impulsivity, compulsivity and reward-punishment sensitivity factors. In addition, impulsivity-related factors correlated positively with activation in amygdala and negatively with anterior cingulate activation during loss anticipation. Conclusions Compared with healthy subjects, both former and current users displayed abnormal brain activation patterns during MIDT performance. Both cocaine groups differed similarly from healthy subjects, but differences between former and current users were localized to the ventral tegmental area during loss outcome and to prefrontal regions during loss anticipation, suggesting that long-term cocaine abstinence does not normalize most reward circuit abnormalities. Elevated impulsivity-related factors that relate to loss processing in current and former users suggest that these tendencies and relationships may pre-exist cocaine addiction.

Marc N Potenza - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • effects of the fyn kinase inhibitor saracatinib on ventral striatal activity during performance of an fmri Monetary Incentive delay task in individuals family history positive or negative for alcohol use disorder a pilot randomised trial
    Neuropsychopharmacology, 2021
    Co-Authors: Krishna T Patel, Michael C. Stevens, Marc N Potenza, Amanda Dunlap, Alana Gallagher, Stephanie S Omalley, Kelly S Demartini, John H Krystal, Godfrey D. Pearlson
    Abstract:

    Altered striatal regulation of the GluN2B subunit of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) glutamate receptors by the Fyn/Src family of protein tyrosine kinases has been implicated in animal alcohol consumption. Previously, we have described differences between individuals positive (FHP) and negative (FHN) for familial alcohol use disorder (AUD) in the ventral striatal (VS) activation associated with Monetary Incentive delay task (MIDT) performance during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Here, we used AZD0530 (saracatinib), a centrally active Fyn/Src inhibitor to probe the role of Fyn/Src regulation of NMDA receptors (NMDAR) in VS activation differences between FHP and FHN individuals during fMRI MIDT performance. We studied 21 FHN and 22 FHP individuals, all without AUD. In two sessions, spaced 1 week apart, we administered 125 mg of saracatinib or placebo in a double-blind manner, prior to measuring VS signal during fMRI MIDT performance. MIDT comprises reward prospect, anticipation, and outcome phases. During the initial (prospect of reward) task phase, there was a significant group-by-condition interaction such that, relative to placebo, saracatinib reduced VS BOLD signal in FHP and increased it in FHN individuals. This study provides the first human evidence that elevated signaling in striatal protein kinase A-dependent pathways may contribute to familial AUD risk via amplifying the neural response to the prospect of reward. As Fyn kinase is responsible for NMDAR upregulation, these data are consistent with previous evidence for upregulated NMDAR function within reward circuitry in AUD risk. These findings also suggest a possible therapeutic role for Src/Fyn kinase inhibitors in AUD risk.

  • anticipatory reward processing in addicted populations a focus on the Monetary Incentive delay task
    Biological Psychiatry, 2015
    Co-Authors: Iris M Balodis, Marc N Potenza
    Abstract:

    Advances in brain imaging techniques have allowed neurobiological research to temporally analyze signals coding for the anticipation of reward. In addicted populations, both hyporesponsiveness and hyperresponsiveness of brain regions (e.g., ventral striatum) implicated in drug effects and reward system processing have been reported during anticipation of generalized reward. We discuss the current state of knowledge of reward processing in addictive disorders from a widely used and validated task: the Monetary Incentive delay task. Only studies applying the Monetary Incentive delay task in addicted and at-risk adult populations are reviewed, with a focus on anticipatory processing and striatal regions activated during task performance as well as the relationship of these regions with individual difference (e.g., impulsivity) and treatment outcome variables. We further review drug influences in challenge studies as a means to examine acute influences on reward processing in abstinent, recreationally using, and addicted populations. Generalized reward processing in addicted and at-risk populations is often characterized by divergent anticipatory signaling in the ventral striatum. Although methodologic and task variations may underlie some discrepant findings, anticipatory signaling in the ventral striatum may also be influenced by smoking status, drug metabolites, and treatment status in addicted populations. Divergent results across abstinent, recreationally using, and addicted populations demonstrate complexities in interpreting findings. Future studies would benefit from focusing on characterizing how impulsivity and other addiction-related features relate to anticipatory striatal signaling over time. Additionally, identifying how anticipatory signals recover or adjust after protracted abstinence will be important in understanding recovery processes.

  • robust changes in reward circuitry during reward loss in current and former cocaine users during performance of a Monetary Incentive delay task
    Biological Psychiatry, 2013
    Co-Authors: Krishna T Patel, Michael C. Stevens, Godfrey D. Pearlson, Marc N Potenza, Shashwath A Meda, Christine Muska, Andre D Thomas
    Abstract:

    Background Abnormal function in reward circuitry in cocaine addiction could predate drug use as a risk factor, follow drug use as a consequence of substance-induced alterations, or both. Methods We used a functional magnetic resonance imaging Monetary Incentive delay task (MIDT) to investigate reward-loss neural response differences among 42 current cocaine users, 35 former cocaine users, and 47 healthy subjects who also completed psychological measures and tasks related to impulsivity and reward. Results We found various reward processing-related group differences in several MIDT phases. Across task phases we found a control > current user > former user activation pattern, except for loss outcome, where former compared with current cocaine users activated ventral tegmental area more robustly. We also found regional prefrontal activation differences during loss anticipation between cocaine-using groups. Both groups of cocaine users scored higher than control subjects on impulsivity, compulsivity and reward-punishment sensitivity factors. In addition, impulsivity-related factors correlated positively with activation in amygdala and negatively with anterior cingulate activation during loss anticipation. Conclusions Compared with healthy subjects, both former and current users displayed abnormal brain activation patterns during MIDT performance. Both cocaine groups differed similarly from healthy subjects, but differences between former and current users were localized to the ventral tegmental area during loss outcome and to prefrontal regions during loss anticipation, suggesting that long-term cocaine abstinence does not normalize most reward circuit abnormalities. Elevated impulsivity-related factors that relate to loss processing in current and former users suggest that these tendencies and relationships may pre-exist cocaine addiction.

  • individuals family history positive for alcoholism show functional magnetic resonance imaging differences in reward sensitivity that are related to impulsivity factors
    Biological Psychiatry, 2011
    Co-Authors: Melissa M Andrews, Michael C. Stevens, Marc N Potenza, Shashwath A Meda, Andre D Thomas, Stephanie S Omalley, John H Krystal, Patrick D Worhunsky, Gregory A. Book
    Abstract:

    Background Substance-abusing individuals tend to display abnormal reward processing and a vulnerability to being impulsive. Detoxified alcoholics show differences in regional brain activation during a Monetary Incentive delay task. However, there is limited information on whether this uncharacteristic behavior represents a biological predisposition toward alcohol abuse, a consequence of chronic alcohol use, or both. Methods We investigated proposed neural correlates of substance disorder risk by examining reward system activity during a Monetary Incentive delay task with separate reward prospect, reward anticipation, and reward outcome phases in 30 individuals with and 19 without family histories of alcoholism. All subjects were healthy, lacked DSM-IV past or current alcohol or substance abuse histories, and were free of illegal substances as verified by a urine toxicology screening at the time of scanning. Additionally, we explored specific correlations between task-related nucleus accumbens (NAcc) activation and distinct factor analysis-derived domains of behavioral impulsivity. Results During reward anticipation, functional magnetic resonance imaging data confirmed blunted NAcc activation in family history positive subjects. In addition, we found atypical activation in additional reward-associated brain regions during additional task phases. We further found a significant negative correlation between NAcc activation during reward anticipation and an impulsivity construct. Conclusions Overall, results demonstrate that sensitivity of the reward circuit, including NAcc, is functionally different in alcoholism family history positive individuals in multiple regards.

Shan Huang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Monetary Incentive and stock opinions on social media
    Journal of Management Information Systems, 2019
    Co-Authors: Hailiang Chen, Shan Huang
    Abstract:

    AbstractNot only is social media a new channel to obtain financial market information, it has also become a venue for investors to share and exchange investment ideas. We examine the performance consequences of providing Monetary Incentive to both existing and new amateur analysts on social media and its implications for online investor communities. We find that Monetary Incentive is effective in increasing the amount of content output and generating more interest from the community, but it leads to neither better nor worse stock recommendations. Additional analysis suggests that Monetary Incentive results in wider stock and industry coverage, a sign of increased content diversity. This study contributes to the understanding of the role of Monetary Incentive in stimulating the sharing of value-relevant information by investors in social media communities.

  • does Monetary Incentive lead to better stock recommendations on social media
    International Conference on Information Systems, 2017
    Co-Authors: Hailiang Chen, Shan Huang
    Abstract:

    Social media not only is a new channel to obtain financial market information but also becomes the venue for investors to share and exchange investment ideas. We examine the performance consequences of providing Monetary Incentive to amateur analysts on social media and its implications for crowd-sourced equity research. We find that Monetary Incentive is effective in increasing the amount of content outputs but does not lead to better stock recommendations. Additional analysis suggests that Monetary Incentive results in wider stock coverage, a sign of increased content diversity. This study contributes to the understanding of Incentive mechanisms for social media communities in the financial context.

  • Monetary Incentive and stock opinions on social media
    Social Science Research Network, 2017
    Co-Authors: Hailiang Chen, Shan Huang
    Abstract:

    Social media not only is a new channel to obtain financial market information but also becomes the venue for investors to share and exchange investment ideas. We examine the performance consequences of providing Monetary Incentive to both existing and new amateur analysts on social media and its implications for online investor communities. We find that Monetary Incentive is effective in increasing the amount of content output and generating more interest from the community as well, but it leads to neither better nor worse stock recommendations. Additional analysis suggests that Monetary Incentive results in wider stock and industry coverage, a sign of increased content diversity. This study contributes to the understanding of the role of Monetary Incentive in stimulating the sharing of value-relevant information by investors in social media communities.