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Kurt Heinrichs - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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diagnosis of weathering damage on rock cut Monuments in petra jordan
Environmental Earth Sciences, 2008Co-Authors: Kurt HeinrichsAbstract:Studies of many years—combining in situ investigation and laboratory analysis—have provided comprehensive information on weathering damage on the rock-cut Monuments in the ancient city of Petra in Jordan. These rock-cut Monuments represent outstanding world heritage. Many hundred Monuments were carved by the Nabataeans from bedrock about 2000 years ago. The awareness of increasing weathering damage on the Monuments has resulted in international efforts towards their preservation. The damage diagnosis has addressed the complex mutual relationships between stone types, stone properties, Monument exposure regimes, environmental influences, weathering phenomena, development and extent of weathering damage and weathering progression. The rocks were classified lithostratigraphically and petrographically. Results on weathering forms, weathering profiles and weathering products obtained from Monument mapping, in situ measurements and laboratory studies revealed a complex diversity of weathering phemomena with respect to type and intensity. Damage categories and damage indices were used to create a reproducible quantitative rating of weathering damage. Detailed results on weathering forms allowed the characterization and quantification of weathering progression including weathering prognoses. Stone properties and states of weathering damage were jointly considered for the rating of the rocks’ susceptibility to weathering. The systematic evaluation of weathering damage and Monument exposure regimes can enhance the assessment of weathering factors and processes.
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weathering damage on pharaonic sandstone Monuments in luxor egypt
Building and Environment, 2003Co-Authors: Bernd Fitzner, Kurt Heinrichs, Dennis La BouchardiereAbstract:Abstract The Pharaonic stone Monuments in Upper Egypt represent cultural heritage of outstanding universal value. All Monuments have suffered weathering damage. In the year 2000 an Egyptian–German research co-operation was started aiming at the systematic investigation of stone weathering on the historical Monuments in Upper Egypt as a contribution to Monument preservation. Pilot studies were carried out on the Karnak Temple and on the Luxor Temple, composed of sandstones originating from the Gebel el-Silsila region. First results on the petrographical properties of these sandstones and their state of weathering damage on the Pharaonic temples in Luxor are presented.
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damage index for stone Monuments
2002Co-Authors: Bernd Fitzner, Kurt HeinrichsAbstract:Precise diagnosis is required for characterisation, interpretation, rating and prediction of the weathering damages at stone Monuments and is vital for remedy of stone damages and sustainable Monument preservation. Quantitative rating of damages represents an important scientific contribution to reliable damage diagnosis at stone Monuments. Damage indices are introduced as new tool for scientific quantification and rating of stone damages. Application of damage indices improves stone damage diagnosis and is very suitable for evaluation and certification of preservation measures and for long-term survey and maintenance of stone Monuments. Importance and use of damage indices are presented for Monuments in Germany, Malta, Jordan, Egypt and Brazil.
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damage diagnosis on stone Monuments weathering forms damage categories and damage indices
Acta Universitatis Carolinae Geologica, 2001Co-Authors: Bernd Fitzner, Kurt HeinrichsAbstract:Stone Monuments represent an important part of our world s cultural heritage. The awareness of increasing stone damage on Monuments coupled with the danger of irretrievable loss of cultural heritage has resulted in great efforts worldwide for Monument preservation. Meaningful damage diagnosis is required for comprehensive characterization, interpretation and rating of the stone damage. In situ investigation of Monuments makes an important contribution to damage diagnosis on stone Monuments. The Monument mapping method is presented as an established non-destructive procedure for in situ studies on stone damage. It can be applied objectively and reproducibly to all stone types and to all kinds of stone Monuments. The consequent use of weathering forms, damage categories and damage indices for precise registration, documentation, quantitative evaluation and rating of stone damages is explained. It provides a modern contribution to improvement of scientific knowledge in the field of stone deterioration and it facilitates important information on the need, urgency and appropriate types of economic and sustainable Monument preservation measures. Furthermore, it is very suitable for certification and control of preservation measures and for long-term survey and maintenance of stone Monuments. The innovative evaluation strategy ‘weathering forms – damage categories – damage indices’ is based on a detailed classification scheme of weathering forms, that has been developed on the basis of investigation at numerous Monuments worldwide considering different stone types and different environments. The methodological approach to systematic evaluation of stone damage -based on Monument mapping is described and practical applications are demonstrated by means of some case studies.
Bottaro Alain - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Le patrimoine Monumental du comté de Nice entre France et Piémont, d’une histoire nationale à l’autre 1830-1930
In Situ, 2019Co-Authors: Bottaro AlainAbstract:Le territoire français connaît ses derniers accroissements notables dans la seconde moitié du xixe siècle, lorsqu’à l’issue de l’engagement de Napoléon III dans la guerre du Piémont contre l’Autriche, la France annexe la Savoie et le comté de Nice. Le patrimoine Monumental de ces nouvelles provinces participait donc de l’histoire d’une nation étrangère avant 1860, celle du Piémont-Sardaigne et de sa dynastie régnante, la Maison de Savoie. Le transfert de souveraineté en 1860 entraîne ce que l’on pourrait appeler un processus de francisation des Monuments historiques. Le présent article s’intéresse au patrimoine du comté de Nice en décrivant les principales facettes de ce processus aux implications administratives sur le temps court, mais aussi scientifiques et politiques sur le temps long, depuis la décennie 1830 jusqu’aux dernières conséquences durant les années 1930, quand l’irrédentisme fasciste remit en question l’appartenance de Nice à l’ensemble français. L’installation à Nice du service français des Monuments historiques ne correspond en aucun cas à l’origine de la fonction régalienne de la protection du patrimoine. Depuis 1832, l’État piémontais a suscité la création d’une « Giunta di antichità e Belle arti » et la nomination de Carlo Promis comme premier « ispettore dei Monumenti d’antichità dei reali Stati » dans les années même où la monarchie de Juillet instituait la commission des Monuments historiques et la fonction d’inspecteur. Comme la commission française à ses débuts, le dispositif du Piémont entend s’adjoindre le concours des sociétés savantes locales. Le premier recensement des Monuments aboutit à une première liste de classement. Le service français prend donc le relais des premières protections. Le chantier de restauration du trophée des Alpes, à La Turbie, revêt un caractère emblématique : le parti adopté par les ingénieurs du Génie civil sarde est celui d’une stricte consolidation tandis que Viollet-le-Duc et ses disciples s’engagent dans la voie de la restitution. Le changement complet de doctrine de restauration se double du changement de point de vue historique : en effet, les Monuments et les sites archéologiques niçois s’intègrent avant 1860 dans la geste de la dynastie de Savoie, qui entreprend à partir de 1848 la construction de l’Italie unitaire. La question des styles revêt une dimension hautement politique en Italie du Nord, où les architectes cherchent à forger dans l’historicisme une architecture nationale pour la nouvelle Italie. L’annexion à la France fait entrer ce patrimoine dans une nouvelle histoire nationale, l’histoire de France. Un fragment antique est symboliquement donné à Napoléon III pour les collections du tout nouveau musée des Antiquités celtiques et gallo-romaines de Saint-Germain-en-Laye.France witnessed its last significant territorial acquisitions during the second half of the nineteenth century, when, in 1860, at the end of the Austro-French Piedmontese War, Napoleon III’s Empire annexed Savoy and the County of Nice. Up until that date, the heritage of these annexed provinces belonged to another nation, the Kingdom of Sardinia and its reigning dynasty, the House of Savoy. The change in sovereignty brought about what could be called a process of ‘Frenchification’ of the territory’s historic Monuments. This article focuses on the built heritage of the County of Nice, describing the main features of this process, covering short-term administrative questions as well as longer-term scientific and political aspects between 1830 and 1930. At this last date, fascist-inspired irredentism began to question the idea that Nice should be considered a part of France. The establishment in Nice of an office of the French historic Monuments administration was by no means the beginning of governmental policies to protect the region’s Monumental heritage. As early as 1832, the Piedmontese State had created a council of antiquities and fine arts (Giunta di antichità e Belle arti) and appointed Carlo Promis as its first inspector (Ispettore dei Monumenti d’antichità dei reali Stati). This was in the same year that the government of France’s July Monarchy established a historic Monuments commission, together with a post of inspector. As in France, from the outset, the Piedmontese Monuments administration relied considerably on the help of local scholarly societies. The first inventory of historic buildings led to an initial list of ‘classified’ Monuments enjoying statutory protection, which the French administration took over after 1860. The restoration project on the Roman Tropaeum Alpium, the Trophy of the Alps at La Turbie, may be seen as characteristic of this continuity, but whereas Sardinian civil engineers had advocated a simple consolidation of the structure, Viollet-le-Duc and his followers preferred their perspective of restitution of the Monument. This new concept in restoration also entailed some revisions in the interpretation of history. The historic Monuments and archaeological sites in Nice prior to 1860 were all heritage recognised as such under the regime of the House of Savoy. A new dynamic began to affect historic Monuments after 1848 when the House of Savoy became involved in the process of Italian unification. The question of style became a highly political issue in Northern Italy, where architects of historicist inspiration sought to forge a national architectural style suitable for the new nation. With the French annexation of the County of Nice, the heritage acquired another national history, that of France. A fragment of a Monument of antiquity was symbolically given to Napoleon III for the collections of the Museum of National Antiquities at Saint-Germain-en-Laye
Bernd Fitzner - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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weathering damage on pharaonic sandstone Monuments in luxor egypt
Building and Environment, 2003Co-Authors: Bernd Fitzner, Kurt Heinrichs, Dennis La BouchardiereAbstract:Abstract The Pharaonic stone Monuments in Upper Egypt represent cultural heritage of outstanding universal value. All Monuments have suffered weathering damage. In the year 2000 an Egyptian–German research co-operation was started aiming at the systematic investigation of stone weathering on the historical Monuments in Upper Egypt as a contribution to Monument preservation. Pilot studies were carried out on the Karnak Temple and on the Luxor Temple, composed of sandstones originating from the Gebel el-Silsila region. First results on the petrographical properties of these sandstones and their state of weathering damage on the Pharaonic temples in Luxor are presented.
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damage index for stone Monuments
2002Co-Authors: Bernd Fitzner, Kurt HeinrichsAbstract:Precise diagnosis is required for characterisation, interpretation, rating and prediction of the weathering damages at stone Monuments and is vital for remedy of stone damages and sustainable Monument preservation. Quantitative rating of damages represents an important scientific contribution to reliable damage diagnosis at stone Monuments. Damage indices are introduced as new tool for scientific quantification and rating of stone damages. Application of damage indices improves stone damage diagnosis and is very suitable for evaluation and certification of preservation measures and for long-term survey and maintenance of stone Monuments. Importance and use of damage indices are presented for Monuments in Germany, Malta, Jordan, Egypt and Brazil.
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damage diagnosis on stone Monuments weathering forms damage categories and damage indices
Acta Universitatis Carolinae Geologica, 2001Co-Authors: Bernd Fitzner, Kurt HeinrichsAbstract:Stone Monuments represent an important part of our world s cultural heritage. The awareness of increasing stone damage on Monuments coupled with the danger of irretrievable loss of cultural heritage has resulted in great efforts worldwide for Monument preservation. Meaningful damage diagnosis is required for comprehensive characterization, interpretation and rating of the stone damage. In situ investigation of Monuments makes an important contribution to damage diagnosis on stone Monuments. The Monument mapping method is presented as an established non-destructive procedure for in situ studies on stone damage. It can be applied objectively and reproducibly to all stone types and to all kinds of stone Monuments. The consequent use of weathering forms, damage categories and damage indices for precise registration, documentation, quantitative evaluation and rating of stone damages is explained. It provides a modern contribution to improvement of scientific knowledge in the field of stone deterioration and it facilitates important information on the need, urgency and appropriate types of economic and sustainable Monument preservation measures. Furthermore, it is very suitable for certification and control of preservation measures and for long-term survey and maintenance of stone Monuments. The innovative evaluation strategy ‘weathering forms – damage categories – damage indices’ is based on a detailed classification scheme of weathering forms, that has been developed on the basis of investigation at numerous Monuments worldwide considering different stone types and different environments. The methodological approach to systematic evaluation of stone damage -based on Monument mapping is described and practical applications are demonstrated by means of some case studies.
Dennis La Bouchardiere - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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weathering damage on pharaonic sandstone Monuments in luxor egypt
Building and Environment, 2003Co-Authors: Bernd Fitzner, Kurt Heinrichs, Dennis La BouchardiereAbstract:Abstract The Pharaonic stone Monuments in Upper Egypt represent cultural heritage of outstanding universal value. All Monuments have suffered weathering damage. In the year 2000 an Egyptian–German research co-operation was started aiming at the systematic investigation of stone weathering on the historical Monuments in Upper Egypt as a contribution to Monument preservation. Pilot studies were carried out on the Karnak Temple and on the Luxor Temple, composed of sandstones originating from the Gebel el-Silsila region. First results on the petrographical properties of these sandstones and their state of weathering damage on the Pharaonic temples in Luxor are presented.
Alain Bottaro - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Le patrimoine Monumental du comté de Nice entre France et Piémont, d’une histoire nationale à l’autre 1830-1930
Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication, 2019Co-Authors: Alain BottaroAbstract:France witnessed its last significant territorial acquisitions during the second half of the nineteenth century, when, in 1860, at the end of the Austro-French Piedmontese War, Napoleon III’s Empire annexed Savoy and the County of Nice. Up until that date, the heritage of these annexed provinces belonged to another nation, the Kingdom of Sardinia and its reigning dynasty, the House of Savoy. The change in sovereignty brought about what could be called a process of ‘Frenchification’ of the territory’s historic Monuments. This article focuses on the built heritage of the County of Nice, describing the main features of this process, covering short-term administrative questions as well as longer-term scientific and political aspects between 1830 and 1930. At this last date, fascist-inspired irredentism began to question the idea that Nice should be considered a part of France. The establishment in Nice of an office of the French historic Monuments administration was by no means the beginning of governmental policies to protect the region’s Monumental heritage. As early as 1832, the Piedmontese State had created a council of antiquities and fine arts (Giunta di antichità e Belle arti) and appointed Carlo Promis as its first inspector (Ispettore dei Monumenti d’antichità dei reali Stati). This was in the same year that the government of France’s July Monarchy established a historic Monuments commission, together with a post of inspector. As in France, from the outset, the Piedmontese Monuments administration relied considerably on the help of local scholarly societies. The first inventory of historic buildings led to an initial list of ‘classified’ Monuments enjoying statutory protection, which the French administration took over after 1860. The restoration project on the Roman Tropaeum Alpium, the Trophy of the Alps at La Turbie, may be seen as characteristic of this continuity, but whereas Sardinian civil engineers had advocated a simple consolidation of the structure, Viollet-le-Duc and his followers preferred their perspective of restitution of the Monument. This new concept in restoration also entailed some revisions in the interpretation of history. The historic Monuments and archaeological sites in Nice prior to 1860 were all heritage recognised as such under the regime of the House of Savoy. A new dynamic began to affect historic Monuments after 1848 when the House of Savoy became involved in the process of Italian unification. The question of style became a highly political issue in Northern Italy, where architects of historicist inspiration sought to forge a national architectural style suitable for the new nation. With the French annexation of the County of Nice, the heritage acquired another national history, that of France. A fragment of a Monument of antiquity was symbolically given to Napoleon III for the collections of the Museum of National Antiquities at Saint-Germain-en-Laye
