The Experts below are selected from a list of 309 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
A. Hari Reddi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Role of morphogenetic proteins in skeletal tissue engineering and regeneration
Nature Biotechnology, 1998Co-Authors: A. Hari ReddiAbstract:Morphogenesis is the developmental cascade of pattern formation and body plan establishment, culminating in the adult form. It has formed the basis for the emerging discipline of tissue engineering, which uses principles of molecular developmental biology and Morphogenesis gleaned through studies on inductive signals, responding stem cells, and the extracellular matrix to design and construct spare parts that restore function to the human body. Among the many organs in the body, bone has considerable powers for regeneration and is a prototype model for tissue engineering. Implantation of demineralized bone matrix into subcutaneous sites results in local bone induction. This model mimics sequential limb Morphogenesis and has permitted the isolation of bone morphogens, such as bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), from demineralized adult bone matrix. BMPs initiate, promote, and maintain chondrogenesis and osteogenesis, but are also involved in the Morphogenesis of organs other than bone. The symbiosis of the mechanisms underlying bone induction and differentiation is critical for tissue engineering and is governed by both biomechanics (physical forces) and context (microenvironment/extracellular matrix), which can be duplicated by biomimetic biomaterials such as collagens, hydroxyapatite, proteoglycans, and cell adhesion glycoproteins, including fibronectins and laminin. Rules of tissue architecture elucidated in bone Morphogenesis may provide insights into tissue engineering and be universally applicable for all organs/tissues, including bones and joints.
A H Reddi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Morphogenesis and Tissue Engineering
Principles of Tissue Engineering, 2013Co-Authors: A H ReddiAbstract:Morphogenesis is the developmental cascade of pattern formation and body plan establishment, culminating in the adult form. It is the basis for the emerging discipline of tissue engineering. This exciting field is based on principles of molecular development biology and Morphogenesis, gleaned through studies of inductive signals, responding stem cells, and the extracellular matrix scaffolds, which are used to design and construct spare parts to restore function to the human body. Among the many organs in the body, bone has considerable powers for regeneration and is a prototype model for tissue engineering. Implantation of demineralized bone matrix into subcutaneous sites results in local bone induction. This model mimics the steps sequential bone Morphogenesis and has permitted the isolation of bone morphogens, such as bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs). BMPs are also involved in the Morphogenesis of cartilage and other organs. The symbiosis of the mechanisms underlying bone induction and differentiation is critical for tissue engineering and is governed by both biomechanics (physical forces) and context (microenvironment/extracellular matrix scaffold), which can be duplicated by biomimetic biomaterials such as collagens, hydroxyapatite, proteoglycans, and cell adhesion glycoproteins, including fibronectins and laminin. Rules of tissue architecture elucidated in bone Morphogenesis may provide insights into tissue engineering of bone and cartilage and be universally applicable to other organs/tissues, including the entire joints in the musculoskeletal system.
-
Morphogenesis and tissue engineering of bone and cartilage inductive signals stem cells and biomimetic biomaterials
Tissue Engineering, 2000Co-Authors: A H ReddiAbstract:Morphogenesis is the developmental cascade of pattern formation, body plan establishment, and the architecture of mirror-image bilateral symmetry of many structures and asymmetry of some, culminating in the adult form. Tissue engineering is the emerging discipline of design and construction of spare parts for the human body to restore function based on principles of molecular developmental biology and Morphogenesis governed by bioengineering. The three key ingredients for both Morphogenesis and tissue engineering are inductive signals, responding stem cells, and the extracellular matrix. Among the many tissues in the human body, bone has considerable powers for regeneration and is a prototype model for tissue engineering based on Morphogenesis. Implantation of demineralized bone matrix into subcutaneous sites results in local bone induction. This model mimics sequential limb Morphogenesis and permitted the isolation of bone morphogens. Although it is traditional to study morphogenetic signals in embryos, ...
Xiaowei Lu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
the small gtpase rac1 regulates auditory hair cell Morphogenesis
The Journal of Neuroscience, 2009Co-Authors: Cynthia M Grimsleymyers, Gwenaellle S G Geleoc, Conor W Sipe, Xiaowei LuAbstract:Morphogenesis of sensory hair cells, in particular their mechanotransduction organelle, the stereociliary bundle, requires highly organized remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton. The roles of Rho family small GTPases during this process remain unknown. Here we show that deletion of Rac1 in the otic epithelium resulted in severe defects in cochlear epithelial Morphogenesis. The mutant cochlea was severely shortened with a reduced number of auditory hair cells and cellular organization of the auditory sensory epithelium was abnormal. Rac1 mutant hair cells also displayed defects in planar cell polarity and Morphogenesis of the stereociliary bundle, including bundle fragmentation or deformation, and mispositioning or absence of the kinocilium. We further demonstrate that a Rac-PAK (p21-activated kinase) signaling pathway mediates kinocilium-stereocilia interactions and is required for cohesion of the stereociliary bundle. Together, these results reveal a critical function of Rac1 in Morphogenesis of the auditory sensory epithelium and stereociliary bundle.
Caroline Denesvre - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Fluorescent tagging of VP22 in N-terminus reveals that VP22 favors Marek’s disease virus (MDV) virulence in chickens and allows Morphogenesis study in MD tumor cells
Veterinary Research, 2013Co-Authors: Sylvie Rémy, Caroline Blondeau, Yves Le Vern, Monique Lemesle, Jean-françois Vautherot, Caroline DenesvreAbstract:Marek’s disease virus (MDV) is an alpha-herpesvirus causing Marek’s disease in chickens, mostly associated with T-cell lymphoma. VP22 is a tegument protein abundantly expressed in cells during the lytic cycle, which is essential for MDV spread in culture. Our aim was to generate a pathogenic MDV expressing a green fluorescent protein (EGFP) fused to the N-terminus of VP22 to better decipher the role of VP22 in vivo and monitor MDV Morphogenesis in tumors cells. In culture, rRB-1B EGFP22 led to 1.6-fold smaller plaques than the parental virus. In chickens, the rRB-1B EGFP22 virus was impaired in its ability to induce lymphoma and to spread in contact birds. The MDV genome copy number in blood and feathers during the time course of infection indicated that rRB-1B EGFP22 reached its two major target cells, but had a growth defect in these two tissues. Therefore, the integrity of VP22 is critical for an efficient replication in vivo, for tumor formation and horizontal transmission. An examination of EGFP fluorescence in rRB-1B EGFP22-induced tumors showed that about 0.1% of the cells were in lytic phase. EGFP-positive tumor cells were selected by cytometry and analyzed for MDV Morphogenesis by transmission electron microscopy. Only few particles were present per cell, and all types of virions (except mature enveloped virions) were detected unequivocally inside tumor lymphoid cells. These results indicate that MDV Morphogenesis in tumor cells is more similar to the morphorgenesis in fibroblastic cells in culture, albeit poorly efficient, than in feather follicle epithelial cells.
David Warburton - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Molecular Mechanisms of Early Lung Specification and Branching Morphogenesis
Pediatric Research, 2005Co-Authors: David Warburton, Denise Tefft, Saverio Bellusci, Stijn De Langhe, Pierre-marie Del Moral, Vincent Fleury, Arnaud Mailleux, Mathieu Unbekandt, Kasper WangAbstract:The “hard wiring” encoded within the genome that determines the emergence of the laryngotracheal groove and subsequently early lung branching Morphogenesis is mediated by finely regulated, interactive growth factor signaling mechanisms that determine the automaticity of branching, interbranch length, stereotypy of branching, left-right asymmetry, and finally gas diffusion surface area. The extracellular matrix is an important regulator as well as a target for growth factor signaling in lung branching Morphogenesis and alveolarization. Coordination not only of epithelial but also endothelial branching Morphogenesis determines bronchial branching and the eventual alveolar-capillary interface. Improved prospects for lung protection, repair, regeneration, and engineering will depend on more detailed understanding of these processes. Herein, we concisely review the functionally integrated morphogenetic signaling network comprising the critical bone morphogenetic protein, fibroblast growth factor, Sonic hedgehog, transforming growth factor-β, vascular endothelial growth factor, and Wnt signaling pathways that specify and drive early embryonic lung Morphogenesis.
-
the molecular basis of lung Morphogenesis
Mechanisms of Development, 2000Co-Authors: David Warburton, Margaret A Schwarz, Denise Tefft, Guillermo Floresdelgado, Kathryn D Anderson, Wellington V CardosoAbstract:To form a diffusible interface large enough to conduct respiratory gas exchange with the circulation, the lung endoderm undergoes extensive branching Morphogenesis and alveolization, coupled with angiogenesis and vasculogenesis. It is becoming clear that many of the key factors determining the process of branching Morphogenesis, particularly of the respiratory organs, are highly conserved through evolution. Synthesis of information from null mutations in Drosophila and mouse indicates that members of the sonic hedgehog/patched/smoothened/Gli/FGF/FGFR/sprouty pathway are functionally conserved and extremely important in determining respiratory organogenesis through mesenchymal–epithelial inductive signaling, which induces epithelial proliferation, chemotaxis and organ-specific gene expression. Transcriptional factors including Nkx2.1, HNF family forkhead homologues, GATA family zinc finger factors, pou and hox, helix-loop-helix (HLH) factors, Id factors, glucocorticoid and retinoic acid receptors mediate and integrate the developmental genetic instruction of lung Morphogenesis and cell lineage determination. Signaling by the IGF, EGF and TGF-β/BMP pathways, extracellular matrix components and integrin signaling pathways also directs lung Morphogenesis as well as proximo-distal lung epithelial cell lineage differentiation. Soluble factors secreted by lung mesenchyme comprise a ‘compleat’ inducer of lung Morphogenesis. In general, peptide growth factors signaling through cognate receptors with tyrosine kinase intracellular signaling domains such as FGFR, EGFR, IGFR, PDGFR and c-met stimulate lung Morphogenesis. On the other hand, cognate receptors with serine/threonine kinase intracellular signaling domains, such as the TGF-β receptor family are inhibitory, although BMP4 and BMPR also play key inductive roles. Pulmonary neuroendocrine cells differentiate earliest in gestation from among multipotential lung epithelial cells. MASH1 null mutant mice do not develop PNE cells. Proximal and distal airway epithelial phenotypes differentiate under distinct transcriptional control mechanisms. It is becoming clear that angiogenesis and vasculogenesis of the pulmonary circulation and capillary network are closely linked with and may be necessary for lung epithelial Morphogenesis. Like epithelial Morphogenesis, pulmonary vascularization is subject to a fine balance between positive and negative factors. Angiogenic and vasculogenic factors include VEGF, which signals through cognate receptors flk and flt, while novel anti-angiogenic factors include EMAP II.
