The Experts below are selected from a list of 324 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Francisca Joly - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • small bowel Adaptation a case of Morphological changes induced by teduglutide in short bowel syndrome with intestinal failure
    Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition, 2020
    Co-Authors: Thomas Mouillot, Dominique Cazalshatem, V Boehm, Xavier Treton, Emilie Ferrandi, N Kapel, Francisca Joly
    Abstract:

    : Teduglutide (TED) reduces the need for parenteral support (PS) in patients with short-bowel syndrome with intestinal failure (SBS-IF). It is a glucagon-like peptide-2 analog that improves absorption, induces the expansion of the absorptive epithelium in the small intestine, and may be used in patients with SBS-IF after a 6- to 12-month Adaptation period, if PS is always necessary. We described the functional and Morphological effect of TED in a 40-year-old female patient with SBS-IF due to Crohn's disease who underwent terminal jejunostomy after 12 months of drug exposition. Marked hypertrophy of the villi was detected by endoscopic capsule and confirmed by histological measurements. This is the first publication demonstrating an increase in intestinal absorption in an SBS-IF patient treated with TED because of a Morphological Adaptation of the small bowel, with hyperplasia confirmed by capsule endoscopy and histology. The capsule endoscopy, a noninvasive exploration of the gut, could be evaluated to monitor the real efficacy of treatments with growth factors in SBS patients.

  • Morphological Adaptation with preserved proliferation transporter content in the colon of patients with short bowel syndrome
    American Journal of Physiology-gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology, 2009
    Co-Authors: Francisca Joly, Camille Mayeur, Bernard Messing, Anne Lavergneslove, Dominique Cazalshatem, Marielouise Noordine, Claire Cherbuy, Pierrehenri Duee, Muriel Thomas
    Abstract:

    In short bowel syndrome (SBS), although a remaining colon improves patient outcome, there is no direct evidence of a mucosal colonic Adaptation in humans. This prospective study evaluates morpholog...

Jeff Jones - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Morphological Adaptation Approaches to Path Planning
    From Pattern Formation to Material Computation, 2020
    Co-Authors: Jeff Jones
    Abstract:

    Path planning (or motion planning) is a common application of computer science and robotics where a path has to be found between points (typically two points, source and destination point) within an arena. The representation of the arena may already be known or may be discovered by localisation and mapping methods (in this chapter we consider examples where the arena layout is known in advance). The resultant path should be short, minimising distance between the points. Other constraints may also apply, such as requiring paths of sufficient width, avoiding walls, avoiding obstacles, or minimising the number of turns.

  • Embodied Approximation of the Density Classification Problem via Morphological Adaptation
    arXiv: Emerging Technologies, 2016
    Co-Authors: Jeff Jones
    Abstract:

    The Majority (or Density Classification) Problem in Cellular Automata (CA) aims to converge a string of cells to a final homogeneous state which reflects the majority of states present in the initial configuration. The problem is challenging in CA as individual cells only possess information about their own and local neighbour states. The problem is an exercise in the propagation and processing of information within a distributed computational medium. We explore whether the Majority Problem can be approximated in a similarly simple distributed computing substrate - a multi-agent model of slime mould. An initial pattern of discrete voting choices is represented by spatial arrangement of the agent population, temporarily held in-place by an attractant stimulus. When this stimulus is removed the model adapts its shape and size, moving to form a minimal distance connecting line. The final position of this line is shown, in simple examples, to successfully represent the majority vote decision, and also accurately reflects the size of the majority. We note properties, limitations and potential improvements to the approach before returning full-circle by re-encoding this Morphological Adaptation approach in a simple (and more space efficient) 1D CA model.

  • a Morphological Adaptation approach to path planning inspired by slime mould
    arXiv: Emerging Technologies, 2015
    Co-Authors: Jeff Jones
    Abstract:

    Using a particle model of slime mould we demonstrate scoping experiments which explore how path planning may be performed by Morphological Adaptation. We initially demonstrate simple path planning by a shrinking blob of virtual plasmodium between two attractant sources within a polygonal arena. We examine the case where multiple paths are required and the subsequent selection of a single path from multiple options. Collision-free paths are implemented via repulsion from the borders of the arena. Finally, obstacle avoidance is implemented by repulsion from obstacles as they are uncovered by the shrinking blob. These examples show proof-of-concept results of path planning by Morphological Adaptation which complement existing research on path planning in novel computing substrates.

  • material approximation of data smoothing and spline curves inspired by slime mould
    arXiv: Emerging Technologies, 2015
    Co-Authors: Jeff Jones, Andrew Adamatzky
    Abstract:

    Using a particle model of Physarum displaying emer- gent Morphological Adaptation behaviour we demonstrate how a minimal approach to collective material computation may be used to transform and summarise properties of spatially represented datasets. We find that the virtual material relaxes more strongly to high-frequency changes in data which can be used for the smoothing (or filtering) of data by ap- proximating moving average and low-pass filters in 1D datasets. The relaxation and minimisation properties of the model enable the spatial computation of B-spline curves (approximating splines) in 2D datasets. Both clamped and unclamped spline curves, of open and closed shapes, can be represented and the degree of spline curvature corresponds to the relaxation time of the material. The material computation of spline curves also includes novel quasi-mechanical properties including unwind- ing of the shape between control points and a preferential adhesion to longer, straighter paths. Interpolating splines could not directly be ap- proximated due to the formation and evolution of Steiner points at nar- row vertices, but were approximated after rectilinear pre-processing of the source data. This pre-processing was further simplified by transform- ing the original data to contain the material inside the polyline. These exemplar results expand the repertoire of spatially represented uncon- ventional computing devices by demonstrating a simple, collective and distributed approach to data and curve smoothing.

  • a Morphological Adaptation approach to path planning inspired by slime mould
    International Journal of General Systems, 2015
    Co-Authors: Jeff Jones
    Abstract:

    Path planning is a classic problem in computer science and robotics which has recently been implemented in unconventional computing substrates such as chemical reaction–diffusion computers. These novel computing schemes utilise the parallel spatial propagation of information and often use a two-stage method involving diffusive propagation to discover all paths and a second stage to highlight or visualise the path between two particular points in the arena. The true slime mould Physarum polycephalum is known to construct efficient transport networks between nutrients in its environment. These networks are continuously remodelled as the organism adapts its body plan to changing spatial stimuli. It can be guided towards attractant stimuli (nutrients, warm regions) and it avoids locations containing hazardous stimuli (light irradiation, repellents, or regions occupied by predatory threats). Using a particle model of slime mould we demonstrate scoping experiments which explore how path planning may be performed by Morphological Adaptation. We initially demonstrate simple path planning by a shrinking blob of virtual plasmodium between two attractant sources within a polygonal arena. We examine the case where multiple paths are required and the subsequent selection of a single path from multiple options. Collision-free paths are implemented via repulsion from the borders of the arena. Finally, obstacle avoidance is implemented by repulsion from obstacles as they are uncovered by the shrinking blob. These examples show proof-of-concept results of path planning by Morphological Adaptation which complement existing research on path planning in novel computing substrates.

Andrew Adamatzky - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • material approximation of data smoothing and spline curves inspired by slime mould
    arXiv: Emerging Technologies, 2015
    Co-Authors: Jeff Jones, Andrew Adamatzky
    Abstract:

    Using a particle model of Physarum displaying emer- gent Morphological Adaptation behaviour we demonstrate how a minimal approach to collective material computation may be used to transform and summarise properties of spatially represented datasets. We find that the virtual material relaxes more strongly to high-frequency changes in data which can be used for the smoothing (or filtering) of data by ap- proximating moving average and low-pass filters in 1D datasets. The relaxation and minimisation properties of the model enable the spatial computation of B-spline curves (approximating splines) in 2D datasets. Both clamped and unclamped spline curves, of open and closed shapes, can be represented and the degree of spline curvature corresponds to the relaxation time of the material. The material computation of spline curves also includes novel quasi-mechanical properties including unwind- ing of the shape between control points and a preferential adhesion to longer, straighter paths. Interpolating splines could not directly be ap- proximated due to the formation and evolution of Steiner points at nar- row vertices, but were approximated after rectilinear pre-processing of the source data. This pre-processing was further simplified by transform- ing the original data to contain the material inside the polyline. These exemplar results expand the repertoire of spatially represented uncon- ventional computing devices by demonstrating a simple, collective and distributed approach to data and curve smoothing.

  • approximation of statistical analysis and estimation by Morphological Adaptation in a model of slime mould
    International Journal of Unconventional Computing, 2015
    Co-Authors: Jeff Jones, Andrew Adamatzky
    Abstract:

    True slime mould Physarum polycephalum approximates a range of complex computations via growth and Adaptation of its protoplasmic transport network, stimulating a large body of recent research into how such a simple organism can perform such complex feats. The properties of networks constructed by slime mould are known to be influenced by the local distribution of stimuli within its environment. But can the Morphological Adaptation of slime mould yield any information about the global statistical properties of its environment? We explore this possibility using a particle based model of slime mould.We demonstrate how Morphological Adaptation in blobs of virtual slime mould may be used as a simple computational mechanism that can coarsely approximate statistical analysis, estimation and tracking. Preliminary results include the approximation of the geometric centroid of 2D shapes, approximation of arithmetic mean from spatially represented sorted and unsorted data distributions, and the estimation and dynamical tracking of moving object position in the presence of noise contaminated input stimuli. The results suggest that it is possible to utilise collectives of very simple components with limited individual computational ability (for example swarms of simple robotic devices) to extract statistical features from complex datasets by means of material Adaptation and sensorial fusion.

  • material approximation of data smoothing and spline curves inspired by slime mould
    Bioinspiration & Biomimetics, 2014
    Co-Authors: Jeff Jones, Andrew Adamatzky
    Abstract:

    The giant single-celled slime mould Physarum polycephalum is known to approximate a number of network problems via growth and Adaptation of its protoplasmic transport network and can serve as an inspiration towards unconventional, material-based computation. In Physarum, predictable Morphological Adaptation is prevented by its adhesion to the underlying substrate. We investigate what possible computations could be achieved if these limitations were removed and the organism was free to completely adapt its morphology in response to changing stimuli. Using a particle model of Physarum displaying emergent Morphological Adaptation behaviour, we demonstrate how a minimal approach to collective material computation may be used to transform and summarise properties of spatially represented datasets. We find that the virtual material relaxes more strongly to high-frequency changes in data, which can be used for the smoothing (or filtering) of data by approximating moving average and low-pass filters in 1D datasets. The relaxation and minimisation properties of the model enable the spatial computation of B-spline curves (approximating splines) in 2D datasets. Both clamped and unclamped spline curves of open and closed shapes can be represented, and the degree of spline curvature corresponds to the relaxation time of the material. The material computation of spline curves also includes novel quasi-mechanical properties, including unwinding of the shape between control points and a preferential adhesion to longer, straighter paths. Interpolating splines could not directly be approximated due to the formation and evolution of Steiner points at narrow vertices, but were approximated after rectilinear pre-processing of the source data. This pre-processing was further simplified by transforming the original data to contain the material inside the polyline. These exemplary results expand the repertoire of spatially represented unconventional computing devices by demonstrating a simple, collective and distributed approach to data and curve smoothing.

  • Emergence of self-organized amoeboid movement in a multi-agent approximation of Physarum polycephalum
    Bioinspiration and Biomimetics, 2012
    Co-Authors: Jeff Jones, Andrew Adamatzky
    Abstract:

    The giant single-celled slime mould Physarum polycephalum exhibits complex Morphological Adaptation and amoeboid movement as it forages for food and may be seen as a minimal example of complex robotic behaviour. Swarm computation has previously been used to explore how spatio-temporal complexity can emerge from, and be distributed within, simple component parts and their interactions. Using a particle-based swarm approach we explore the question of how to generate collective amoeboid movement from simple non-oscillatory component parts in a model of P. polycephalum. The model collective behaves as a cohesive and deformable virtual material, approximating the local coupling within the plasmodium matrix. The collective generates de-novo and complex oscillatory patterns from simple local interactions. The origin of this motor behaviour distributed within the collective rendering is Morphologically adaptive, amenable to external influence and robust to simulated environmental insult. We show how to gain external influence over the collective movement by simulated chemo-attraction (pulling towards nutrient stimuli) and simulated light irradiation hazards (pushing from stimuli). The amorphous and distributed properties of the collective are demonstrated by cleaving it into two independent entities and fusing two separate entities to form a single device, thus enabling it to traverse narrow, separate or tortuous paths. We conclude by summarizing the contribution of the model to swarm-based robotics and soft-bodied modular robotics and discuss the future potential of such material approaches to the field.

Dominique Cazalshatem - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • small bowel Adaptation a case of Morphological changes induced by teduglutide in short bowel syndrome with intestinal failure
    Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition, 2020
    Co-Authors: Thomas Mouillot, Dominique Cazalshatem, V Boehm, Xavier Treton, Emilie Ferrandi, N Kapel, Francisca Joly
    Abstract:

    : Teduglutide (TED) reduces the need for parenteral support (PS) in patients with short-bowel syndrome with intestinal failure (SBS-IF). It is a glucagon-like peptide-2 analog that improves absorption, induces the expansion of the absorptive epithelium in the small intestine, and may be used in patients with SBS-IF after a 6- to 12-month Adaptation period, if PS is always necessary. We described the functional and Morphological effect of TED in a 40-year-old female patient with SBS-IF due to Crohn's disease who underwent terminal jejunostomy after 12 months of drug exposition. Marked hypertrophy of the villi was detected by endoscopic capsule and confirmed by histological measurements. This is the first publication demonstrating an increase in intestinal absorption in an SBS-IF patient treated with TED because of a Morphological Adaptation of the small bowel, with hyperplasia confirmed by capsule endoscopy and histology. The capsule endoscopy, a noninvasive exploration of the gut, could be evaluated to monitor the real efficacy of treatments with growth factors in SBS patients.

  • Morphological Adaptation with preserved proliferation transporter content in the colon of patients with short bowel syndrome
    American Journal of Physiology-gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology, 2009
    Co-Authors: Francisca Joly, Camille Mayeur, Bernard Messing, Anne Lavergneslove, Dominique Cazalshatem, Marielouise Noordine, Claire Cherbuy, Pierrehenri Duee, Muriel Thomas
    Abstract:

    In short bowel syndrome (SBS), although a remaining colon improves patient outcome, there is no direct evidence of a mucosal colonic Adaptation in humans. This prospective study evaluates morpholog...

Muriel Thomas - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.