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Libby W Cowgill - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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determination of sex from the hyoid bone
American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 2010Co-Authors: Sarah C Kindschuh, Tosha Dupras, Libby W CowgillAbstract:This article explores size differences related to sex in the hyoid bones from the Robert J. Terry Anatomical Collection. A series of measurements were taken from 398 hyoids, both fused and unfused. The inclusion of unfused hyoids in the study provides the opportunity to investigate previously unknown size differences between sexes as well as to determine their utility in determining sex. Two-way ANOVA was used to explore differences in hyoid size as related to ancestry and sex. Discriminant function analysis was employed to test the ability of the hyoids to be classified by sex. Six discriminant function equations ranging in accuracy from 82% to 85% are provided, each of which is more accurate than many of the discriminant functions developed in past hyoid research, are simple to use, and can be used to estimate the sex of a hyoid regardless of its state of fusion. In addition to providing further inFormation about the Morphological Form of the hyoid, these analyses provide a method that can be easily employed to assess sex of the individual from the hyoid bone.
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determination of sex from the hyoid bone
American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 2010Co-Authors: Sarah C Kindschuh, Tosha Dupras, Libby W CowgillAbstract:This article explores size differences related to sex in the hyoid bones from the Robert J. Terry Anatomical Collection. A series of measurements were taken from 398 hyoids, both fused and unfused. The inclusion of unfused hyoids in the study provides the opportunity to investigate previously unknown size differences between sexes as well as to determine their utility in determining sex. Two-way ANOVA was used to explore differences in hyoid size as related to ancestry and sex. Discriminant function analysis was employed to test the ability of the hyoids to be classified by sex. Six discriminant function equations ranging in accuracy from 82% to 85% are provided, each of which is more accurate than many of the discriminant functions developed in past hyoid research, are simple to use, and can be used to estimate the sex of a hyoid regardless of its state of fusion. In addition to providing further inFormation about the Morphological Form of the hyoid, these analyses provide a method that can be easily employed to assess sex of the individual from the hyoid bone. Am J Phys Anthropol 143:279–284, 2010. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Jong Won Yun - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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culture ph affects exopolysaccharide production in submerged mycelial culture of ganoderma lucidum
Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 2006Co-Authors: Hyun Mi Kim, Moon Ki Park, Jong Won YunAbstract:In submerged culture of Ganoderma lucidum, the pH optimum for cell growth has been shown to be lower than that for exopolysaccharides (EPS) Formation. Therefore, in the present study, a two-stage pH-control strategy was employed to maximize the productions of mycelial biomass and EPS. When compared, a batch culture without pH control had a maximum concentration of EPS and endopolysaccharides, which was much lower than those with pH control. Maximum mycelial growth (12.5 g/L) and EPS production (4.7 g/L) were achieved by shifting the controlled pH from 3.0 to 6.0 after day 4. The contrast between the controlled-pH process and uncontrolled pH was marked. By using various two-stage culture processes, it was also observed that culture pH has a significant affect on the yield of product, mycelial morphology, chemical composition, and molecular weight of EPS. A detailed observation of mycelial morphology revealed that the productive Morphological Form for EPS production was a dispersed pellet (controlled pH shifting from 3.0 to 6.0) rather than a compact pellet with a dense core area (controlled pH 4.5) or a feather-like pellet (controlled pH shifting from 6.0 to 3.0). Three different polysaccharides were obtained from each pH conditions, and their molecular weights and chemical compositions were significantly different.
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production of exopolysaccharides by submerged culture of an enthomopathogenic fungus paecilomyces tenuipes c240 in stirred tank and airlift reactors
Bioresource Technology, 2006Co-Authors: Sang Woo Kim, Hye Jin Hwang, Jong Won YunAbstract:The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of shearing effect on the production of exopolysaccharides (EPS) from an enthomopathogenic fungus, Paecilomyces tenuipes C240 in a stirred-tank reactor (STR) and in an airlift reactor (AR). The optimal agitation rate for the production of EPS in the STR was 150 rpm with the mycelial morphology of hairy pellets, where the final concentration and the specific production rate of EPS were 2.33 g l 1 and 0.312 gg 1 h 1 , respectively. However, the maximum concentration of biomass (21.06 g l 1 ) in the STR was obtained at a high agitation speed of 300 rpm. The specific production rate of EPS (0.456 gg 1 h 1 ) in the AR was significantly higher than that achieved in the STR, in which the typical Morphological Form of mycelium was a loose clump. The three EPS groups in the STR (designated as STR-I, -II, and -III) and two groups of EPS in the AR (designated as AR-I and -II) were obtained from the culture filtrates by a gel filtration chromatography on Sepharose CL-6B. The molecular weights of STR-I, STR-II, STR-III, AR-I, and AR-II were determined to be 1820, 25, 1.8, 1160, and 6.7 kDa, respectively. An agitation rate of 150 rpm in the STR was selected as the optimal culture condition for maximum EPS production (2.33 g l 1 ), which was similar to the level achieved in the AR (2.30 g l 1 ). The carbohydrate composition in each EPS was quite different from each other: the major component was glucose (in STR-I, -III, and AR-I), mannose (in STR-II), and arabinose (in AR-II). In contrast, no significant difference in amino acid composition was observed. � 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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production and characterization of exopolysaccharides from an enthomopathogenic fungus cordyceps militaris ng3
Biotechnology Progress, 2003Co-Authors: Sang Woo Kim, Hye Jin Hwang, Jang Won Choi, Chan Woo Kim, Jong Won YunAbstract:Optimization of the submerged culture conditions for the mycelial growth and production of exopolysaccharide (EPS) from a newly isolated Cordyceps species (C. militaris NG3) was studied in flask cultures. The optimal temperature and initial pH for EPS production were 30 °C and 8.0, respectively. Sucrose (30 g/L) and corn steep powder (10 g/L) were the most suitable carbon and nitrogen source for both mycelial growth and EPS production. There was a distinguishable Morphological changes in mycelium grown between organic and inorganic nitrogen sources. A smooth pellet growth with heavy hyphal thickness was observed in the medium containing organic nitrogen sources, whereas irregular pellets with less hairy region were Formed in the medium containing inorganic nitrogen sources. More highly branched cells appearing in the medium of organic nitrogen sources seemed a favorable Morphological Form for both EPS production and mycelial growth. Under optimal culture conditions, the maximum concentrations of mycelial growth and EPS were 17.6 and 3.4 g/L in a 5-L stirred-tank fermenter. Four groups of EPSs (designated as Fr-I, Fr-II, Fr-III, and Fr-IV) were obtained from the culture filtrates by size exclusion chromatography (SEC), and their molecular characteristics were examined by a multiangle laser-light scattering (MALLS) and refractive index (RI) detector system. The weight-average molar masses of the Fr-I, Fr-II, Fr-III, and Fr-IV of EPS were determined to be 2.262 10 6 , 3.348 10 5 , 1.049 10 5 , and 5.059 10 4 g/mol, respectively. All four EPSs showed very low polydispersity indices ranging from 1.00 to 1.18. The SEC/MALLS analysis revealed that the molecular shape of the Fr-I was a rigid sphere suspected to be an aggregate of complex polysaccharides, the Fr-II and Fr-III were nearly globular in shape, and the Fr-IV was an almost rodlike structure.
Jin Mei He - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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antibacterial and hemostatic composite gauze of n o carboxymethyl chitosan oxidized regenerated cellulose
RSC Advances, 2016Co-Authors: Feng Cheng, Jin Mei He, Jiwei Li, Yu Dong HuangAbstract:Viscose gauze was oxidized with NO2/CCl4 to prepare Oxidized Regenerated Cellulose (ORC). Then, ORC was modified by the water-soluble chitosan derivative N,O-carboxymethyl chitosan (N,O-CS). This was synthesized via the reaction of chitosan with chloroacetic acid as the etherification agent in the presence of alkaline. It was prepared by introducing carboxymethyl groups onto the N and O-positions of the chitosan and the substituting degree (DS) of N,O-CS reached 1.68. Composite gauzes with a 2–8 w/v% N,O-CS content were prepared in water solution. Composite gauzes could still maintain their original Morphological Form and have excellent water-solubility. The Formation of an amide bond between the carboxyl group of ORC and the amino group of N,O-CS was confirmed by FT-IR and elemental analysis. To study the influence of carboxymethyl groups on chitosan, the thermal stability and crystallinity of N,O-CS were tested by XRD and TG. Based on SEM images, N,O-CS tended to be adsorbed on the surface of ORC fiber. The antibacterial perFormance of N,O-CS/ORC gauzes was enhanced with the increases of N,O-CS content. Moreover, N,O-CS/ORC gauzes showed excellent bactericidal activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The hemostatic evaluation indicated that the N,O-CS/ORC composite gauzes in rabbit livers had dramatic hemostatic efficacy. The prepared composite gauzes were anticipated to be an optimal material in preventing post-operative adhesion.
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preparation of the water soluble chitosan coated oxidized regenerated cellulose gauze
Cellulose, 2011Co-Authors: Jin Mei He, Ya Dong Wu, Feng Wen Wang, Yu Dong Huang, Huawei ZhangAbstract:A water-soluble chitosan-coated oxidized regenerated cellulose (ORC) gauze was prepared by the oxidation of a viscose gauze with NO2/CCl4 and subsequent treatment with a solution of chitosan in aqueous acetic acid and finally neutralization with NaOH/C2H5OH solution. A series of C6 ORC samples with different –COOH content were prepared and coated by chitosans (CTS) with different molecular weight (Mw) of 2,000, 50,000, 100,000 (denoted as CTS1, CTS2, CTS3). FT-IR and TG suggested the Formation of the amide bond between the carboxyl group of ORC and the amino group of CTS. Kjeldahl nitrogen analysis of ORC gauze treated with CTS (CTS-ORC) showed that the percentage of chitosan with the lowest Mw of 2,000 introduced on ORC surface was highest and increased with oxidation time, while chitosans with medium and high Mw showed that the maximum percentage of chitosan introduced on ORC surface occurred at the oxidation time of 8 h. The neutralized chitosan-coated ORC gauze could still maintain its original Morphological Form and was water-soluble, and could Form a transparent gel quickly for 5 s in water. The prepared water-soluble gauze could be anticipated to possess the improved hemostatic and antibacterial properties.
Sarah C Kindschuh - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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determination of sex from the hyoid bone
American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 2010Co-Authors: Sarah C Kindschuh, Tosha Dupras, Libby W CowgillAbstract:This article explores size differences related to sex in the hyoid bones from the Robert J. Terry Anatomical Collection. A series of measurements were taken from 398 hyoids, both fused and unfused. The inclusion of unfused hyoids in the study provides the opportunity to investigate previously unknown size differences between sexes as well as to determine their utility in determining sex. Two-way ANOVA was used to explore differences in hyoid size as related to ancestry and sex. Discriminant function analysis was employed to test the ability of the hyoids to be classified by sex. Six discriminant function equations ranging in accuracy from 82% to 85% are provided, each of which is more accurate than many of the discriminant functions developed in past hyoid research, are simple to use, and can be used to estimate the sex of a hyoid regardless of its state of fusion. In addition to providing further inFormation about the Morphological Form of the hyoid, these analyses provide a method that can be easily employed to assess sex of the individual from the hyoid bone.
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determination of sex from the hyoid bone
American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 2010Co-Authors: Sarah C Kindschuh, Tosha Dupras, Libby W CowgillAbstract:This article explores size differences related to sex in the hyoid bones from the Robert J. Terry Anatomical Collection. A series of measurements were taken from 398 hyoids, both fused and unfused. The inclusion of unfused hyoids in the study provides the opportunity to investigate previously unknown size differences between sexes as well as to determine their utility in determining sex. Two-way ANOVA was used to explore differences in hyoid size as related to ancestry and sex. Discriminant function analysis was employed to test the ability of the hyoids to be classified by sex. Six discriminant function equations ranging in accuracy from 82% to 85% are provided, each of which is more accurate than many of the discriminant functions developed in past hyoid research, are simple to use, and can be used to estimate the sex of a hyoid regardless of its state of fusion. In addition to providing further inFormation about the Morphological Form of the hyoid, these analyses provide a method that can be easily employed to assess sex of the individual from the hyoid bone. Am J Phys Anthropol 143:279–284, 2010. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Yu Dong Huang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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antibacterial and hemostatic composite gauze of n o carboxymethyl chitosan oxidized regenerated cellulose
RSC Advances, 2016Co-Authors: Feng Cheng, Jin Mei He, Jiwei Li, Yu Dong HuangAbstract:Viscose gauze was oxidized with NO2/CCl4 to prepare Oxidized Regenerated Cellulose (ORC). Then, ORC was modified by the water-soluble chitosan derivative N,O-carboxymethyl chitosan (N,O-CS). This was synthesized via the reaction of chitosan with chloroacetic acid as the etherification agent in the presence of alkaline. It was prepared by introducing carboxymethyl groups onto the N and O-positions of the chitosan and the substituting degree (DS) of N,O-CS reached 1.68. Composite gauzes with a 2–8 w/v% N,O-CS content were prepared in water solution. Composite gauzes could still maintain their original Morphological Form and have excellent water-solubility. The Formation of an amide bond between the carboxyl group of ORC and the amino group of N,O-CS was confirmed by FT-IR and elemental analysis. To study the influence of carboxymethyl groups on chitosan, the thermal stability and crystallinity of N,O-CS were tested by XRD and TG. Based on SEM images, N,O-CS tended to be adsorbed on the surface of ORC fiber. The antibacterial perFormance of N,O-CS/ORC gauzes was enhanced with the increases of N,O-CS content. Moreover, N,O-CS/ORC gauzes showed excellent bactericidal activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The hemostatic evaluation indicated that the N,O-CS/ORC composite gauzes in rabbit livers had dramatic hemostatic efficacy. The prepared composite gauzes were anticipated to be an optimal material in preventing post-operative adhesion.
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preparation of the water soluble chitosan coated oxidized regenerated cellulose gauze
Cellulose, 2011Co-Authors: Jin Mei He, Ya Dong Wu, Feng Wen Wang, Yu Dong Huang, Huawei ZhangAbstract:A water-soluble chitosan-coated oxidized regenerated cellulose (ORC) gauze was prepared by the oxidation of a viscose gauze with NO2/CCl4 and subsequent treatment with a solution of chitosan in aqueous acetic acid and finally neutralization with NaOH/C2H5OH solution. A series of C6 ORC samples with different –COOH content were prepared and coated by chitosans (CTS) with different molecular weight (Mw) of 2,000, 50,000, 100,000 (denoted as CTS1, CTS2, CTS3). FT-IR and TG suggested the Formation of the amide bond between the carboxyl group of ORC and the amino group of CTS. Kjeldahl nitrogen analysis of ORC gauze treated with CTS (CTS-ORC) showed that the percentage of chitosan with the lowest Mw of 2,000 introduced on ORC surface was highest and increased with oxidation time, while chitosans with medium and high Mw showed that the maximum percentage of chitosan introduced on ORC surface occurred at the oxidation time of 8 h. The neutralized chitosan-coated ORC gauze could still maintain its original Morphological Form and was water-soluble, and could Form a transparent gel quickly for 5 s in water. The prepared water-soluble gauze could be anticipated to possess the improved hemostatic and antibacterial properties.