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Thomas A Stoffregen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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unstable coupling of body sway with imposed Motion precedes visually induced Motion Sickness
Human Movement Science, 2019Co-Authors: Hannah Walter, Justin Munafo, Christopher Curry, Nicolette Peterson, Ruixuan Li, Thomas A StoffregenAbstract:Abstract Motion Sickness is preceded by differences in the quantitative kinematics of body sway between individuals who (later) become sick and those who do not. In existing research, this effect has been demonstrated only in measures of body sway, relative to the earth. However, body sway can become coupled with imposed oscillatory Motion of the illuminated environment, and the nature of this coupling may differ between individuals who become sick and those who do not. We asked whether body sway would become coupled to complex oscillations of the illuminated environment, and whether individual differences in such coupling might be precursors of Motion Sickness. Standing participants (women) were exposed to complex oscillation of the illuminated environment. We examined the strength of coupling as a function of time during exposure. Following exposure, some participants reported Motion Sickness. The nature and temporal evolution of coupling differed between participants who later reported Motion Sickness and those who did not. Our results show that people can couple the complex dynamics of body sway with complex imposed Motion, and that differences in the nature of this coupling are related to the risk of Motion Sickness.
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effects of decades of physical driving on body movement and Motion Sickness during virtual driving
PLOS ONE, 2017Co-Authors: Thomas A Stoffregen, Fu Chen Chen, Chih Hui Chang, Wei Jhong ZengAbstract:We investigated relations between experience driving physical automobiles and Motion Sickness during the driving of virtual automobiles. Middle-aged individuals drove a virtual automobile in a driving video game. Drivers were individuals who had possessed a driver's license for approximately 30 years, and who drove regularly, while non-drivers were individuals who had never held a driver's license, or who had not driven for more than 15 years. During virtual driving, we monitored movement of the head and torso. During virtual driving, drivers became Motion sick more rapidly than non-drivers, but the incidence and severity of Motion Sickness did not differ as a function of driving experience. Patterns of movement during virtual driving differed as a function of driving experience. Separately, movement differed between participants who later became Motion sick and those who did not. Most importantly, physical driving experience influenced patterns of postural activity that preceded Motion Sickness during virtual driving. The results are consistent with the postural instability theory of Motion Sickness, and help to illuminate relations between the control of physical and virtual vehicles.
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The virtual reality head-mounted display Oculus Rift induces Motion Sickness and is sexist in its effects
Experimental Brain Research, 2017Co-Authors: Justin Munafo, Meg Diedrick, Thomas A StoffregenAbstract:Anecdotal reports suggest that Motion Sickness may occur among users of contemporary, consumer-oriented head-mounted display systems and that women may be at greater risk. We evaluated the nauseogenic properties of one such system, the Oculus Rift. The head-mounted unit included Motion sensors that were sensitive to users' head movements, such that head movements could be used as control inputs to the device. In two experiments, seated participants played one of two virtual reality games for up to 15 min. In Experiment 1, 22% of participants reported Motion Sickness, and the difference in incidence between men and women was not significant. In Experiment 2, Motion Sickness was reported by 56% of participants, and incidence among women (77.78%) was significantly greater than among men (33.33%). Before participants were exposed to the head-mounted display system, we recorded their standing body sway during the performance of simple visual tasks. In both experiments, patterns of pre-exposure body sway differed between participants who (later) reported Motion Sickness and those who did not. In Experiment 2, sex differences in susceptibility to Motion Sickness were preceded by sex differences in body sway. These postural effects confirm a prediction of the postural instability theory of Motion Sickness. The results indicate that users of contemporary head-mounted display systems are at significant risk of Motion Sickness and that in relation to Motion Sickness these systems may be sexist in their effects.
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Motion Sickness history.
2013Co-Authors: Thomas A Stoffregen, Fu Chen Chen, Manuel Varlet, Cristina Alcantara, Benoît G. BardyAbstract:Experience at sea was rated on a 4-point scale, where 4 = no previous experience. SeaSickness history was rated on a 5-point scale, where 5 = I have never been Motion sick. General susceptibility to Motion Sickness was rated on a 5-point scale where 1 = maximum susceptibility.
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pre bout standing body sway differs between adult boxers who do and do not report post bout Motion Sickness
PLOS ONE, 2012Co-Authors: Yi Chou Chen, Ting Hsuan Hung, Tzu Chiang Tseng, City C. Hsieh, Fu Chen Chen, Thomas A StoffregenAbstract:Background Motion Sickness is characterized by subjective symptoms that include dizziness and nausea. Studies have shown that subjective symptoms of Motion Sickness are preceded by differences in standing body sway between those who experience the symptoms and those who are not. Boxers often report dizziness and nausea immediately after bouts. We predicted that pre-bout standing body sway would differ between boxers who experienced post-bout Motion Sickness and those who did not. Methodology/Principal Findings We collected data on standing body sway before bouts. During measurement of body sway participants performed two visual tasks. In addition, we varied stance width (the distance between the heels). Postural testing was conducted separately before and after participants' regular warm-up routines. After bouts, we collected self-reports of Motion Sickness incidence and symptoms. Results revealed that standing body sway was greater after warm-up than before warm-up, and that wider stance width was associated with reduced sway. Eight of 15 amateur boxers reported Motion Sickness after a bout. Two statistically significant interactions revealed that standing body sway before bouts differed between participants who reported post-bout Motion Sickness and those who did not. Conclusions/Significance The results suggest that susceptibility to Motion Sickness in boxers may be manifested in characteristic patterns of body sway. It may be possible to use pre-bout data on postural sway to predict susceptibility to post-bout Motion Sickness.
Dominik Straumann - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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beyond sensory conflict the role of beliefs and perception in Motion Sickness
PLOS ONE, 2021Co-Authors: Suzanne A E Nooij, Christopher J Bockisch, H H Bulthoff, Dominik StraumannAbstract:Illusory self-Motion often provokes Motion Sickness, which is commonly explained in terms of an inter-sensory conflict that is not in accordance with previous experience. Here we address the influence of cognition in Motion Sickness and show that such a conflict is not provocative when the observer believes that the Motion illusion is indeed actually occurring. Illusory self-Motion and Motion Sickness were elicited in healthy human participants who were seated on a stationary rotary chair inside a rotating optokinetic drum. Participants knew that both chair and drum could rotate but were unaware of the actual Motion stimulus. Results showed that Motion Sickness was correlated with the discrepancy between participants’ perceived self-Motion and participants’ beliefs about the actual Motion. Together with the general Motion Sickness susceptibility, this discrepancy accounted for 51% of the variance in Motion Sickness intensity. This finding sheds a new light on the causes of visually induced Motion Sickness and suggests that it is not governed by an inter-sensory conflict per se, but by beliefs concerning the actual self-Motion. This cognitive influence provides a promising tool for the development of new countermeasures.
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determinants of Motion Sickness in tilting trains coriolis cross coupling stimuli and tilt delay
Frontiers in Neurology, 2017Co-Authors: Giovanni Bertolini, Meek Angela Durmaz, Kim David Ferrari, Alexander Kuffer, Charlotte Lambert, Dominik StraumannAbstract:Faster trains require tilting of the cars to counterbalance the centrifugal forces during curves. Motion sensitive passengers, however, complain of discomfort and overt Motion Sickness. A recent study comparing different control systems in a tilting train, suggested that the delay of car tilts relative to the curve of the track contributes to Motion Sickness. Other aspects of the Motion stimuli, like the lateral accelerations and the car jitters, differed between the tested conditions and prevented a final conclusion on the role of tilt delay. Nineteen subjects were tested on a motorized 3D-turntable that simulated the roll tilts during yaw rotations experienced on a tilting train, isolating them from other Motion components. Each session was composed of two consecutive series of 12 ideal curves that were defined on the bases of recordings during an actual train ride. The simulated car tilts started either at the beginning of the curve acceleration phase (no-delay condition) or with 3s of delay (delay condition). Motion Sickness was self-assessed by each subject at the end of each series using an analog Motion Sickness scale. All subjects were tested in both conditions. Significant increases of Motion Sickness occurred after the first sequence of 12 curves in the delay condition but not in the no-delay condition. This increase correlated with the sensitivity of Motion Sickness, which was self-assessed by each subject before the experiment. The second sequence of curve did not lead to a significant further increase of Motion Sickness in any condition. Our results demonstrate that, even if the speed and amplitude are as low as those experienced on tilting trains, a series of roll tilts with a delay relative to the horizontal rotations, isolated from other Motion stimuli occurring during a travel, generate Coriolis/cross-coupling stimulations sufficient to rapidly induce Motion Sickness in sensitive individuals. The strength and the rapid onset of the Motion Sickness reported confirms that, even if the angular velocity involved are low, the Coriolis/cross-coupling resulting from the delay is a major factor in causing Sickness that can be resolved by improving the tilt timing relative to the horizontal rotation originating from the curve.
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Cross-coupling vestibular stimulation: Motion Sickness and the vestibulo-sympathetic reflex.
Journal of neurology, 2017Co-Authors: Fausto Romano, Nicoletta Caramia, Eugene Nalivaiko, Dominik Straumann, Giovanni BertoliniAbstract:Motion Sickness is associated with a variety of autonomic symptoms, presumably due to proximity or functional interconnectivity between the autonomic centers in the brainstem and the vestibular system. A direct influence of the vestibular system on cardiovascular variables, defined as the vestibulo-sympathetic reflex, has been reported previously. Our aim was to investigate the sudomotor components of the autonomic responses associated with Motion Sickness during passive cross-coupling stimulation ("roll while rotating"). Healthy subjects (n = 17) were rotated at 40°/s around an earth-vertical yaw axis alone and in combination with sinusoidal roll oscillations (0.2 Hz). Motion Sickness was assessed verbally every minute using a 1-10 scale, while recording DC and AC skin conductance levels (SCL) from the forehead. Yaw rotation alone provoked neither Motion Sickness nor variations of forehead sweating. Yet during cross-coupling stimulation all subjects reported Motion Sickness. Higher Motion Sickness scores (>5) were associated with significantly higher amplitudes of AC-SCL events compared to the lower scores (0.22 ± 0.01 vs. 0.11 ± 0.01 µS, respectively). Frequency domain analysis of the AC-SCL events revealed a peak at 0.2 Hz, coinciding with the frequency of the chair rolls. The total power of AC-SCL signals did not match the trend of Motion Sickness scores across conditions. We conclude that: (1) although SCL is related to Motion Sickness, it does not follow the perceived Sickness closely; (2) the discrepancy between SCL and Motion Sickness and the rhythmic AC-SCL events could reflect a sudomotor component of the vestibulo-sympathetic reflex.
Gustav Schelling - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Motion Sickness, Stress and the Endocannabinoid System
2013Co-Authors: Er Choukèr, Ines Kaufmann, Simone Kreth, Daniela Hauer, Matthias Feuerecker, Michael Vogeser, Manfred Thiel, Gustav SchellingAbstract:Background: A substantial number of individuals are at risk for the development of Motion Sickness induced nausea and vomiting (N&V) during road, air or sea travel. Motion Sickness can be extremely stressful but the neurobiologic mechanisms leading to Motion Sickness are not clear. The endocannabinoid system (ECS) represents an important neuromodulator of stress and N&V. Inhibitory effects of the ECS on N&V are mediated by endocannabinoid-receptor activation. Methodology/Principal Findings: We studied the activity of the ECS in human volunteers (n = 21) during parabolic flight maneuvers (PFs). During PFs, microgravity conditions (,10 22 g) are generated for approximately 22 s which results in a profound kinetic stimulus. Blood endocannabinoids (anandamide and 2-arachidonoylglycerol, 2-AG) were measured from blood samples taken in-flight before start of the parabolic maneuvers, after 10, 20, and 30 parabolas, in-flight after termination of PFs and 24 h later. Volunteers who developed acute Motion Sickness (n = 7) showed significantly higher stress scores but lower endocannabinoid levels during PFs. After 20 parabolas, blood anandamide levels had dropped significantly in volunteers with Motion Sickness (from 0.3960.40 to 0.2260.25 ng/ml) but increased in participants without the condition (from 0.4360.23 to 0.6060.38 ng/ml) resulting in significantly higher anandamide levels in participants without Motion Sickness (p = 0.02). 2-AG levels in individuals with Motion Sickness were low and almost unchanged throughout the experiment but showed a robust increase in participants without Motion Sickness. Cannabinoid-receptor
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Motion Sickness stress and the endocannabinoid system
PLOS ONE, 2010Co-Authors: Alexander Chouker, Ines Kaufmann, Simone Kreth, Daniela Hauer, Matthias Feuerecker, Detlef Thieme, Michael Vogeser, Manfred Thiel, Gustav SchellingAbstract:Background: A substantial number of individuals are at risk for the development of Motion Sickness induced nausea and vomiting (N&V) during road, air or sea travel. Motion Sickness can be extremely stressful but the neurobiologic mechanisms leading to Motion Sickness are not clear. The endocannabinoid system (ECS) represents an important neuromodulator of stress and N&V. Inhibitory effects of the ECS on N&V are mediated by endocannabinoid-receptor activation. Methodology/Principal Findings: We studied the activity of the ECS in human volunteers (n=21) during parabolic flight maneuvers (PFs). During PFs, microgravity conditions (,10 22 g) are generated for approximately 22 s which results in a profound kinetic stimulus. Blood endocannabinoids (anandamide and 2-arachidonoylglycerol, 2-AG) were measured from blood samples taken in-flight before start of the parabolic maneuvers, after 10, 20, and 30 parabolas, in-flight after termination of PFs and 24 h later. Volunteers who developed acute Motion Sickness (n=7) showed significantly higher stress scores but lower endocannabinoid levels during PFs. After 20 parabolas, blood anandamide levels had dropped significantly in volunteers with Motion Sickness (from 0.3960.40 to 0.2260.25 ng/ml) but increased in participants without the condition (from 0.4360.23 to 0.6060.38 ng/ml) resulting in significantly higher anandamide levels in participants without Motion Sickness (p=0.02). 2-AG levels in individuals with Motion Sickness were low and almost unchanged throughout the experiment but showed a robust increase in participants without Motion Sickness. Cannabinoid-receptor 1 (CB1) but not cannabinoid-receptor 2 (CB2) mRNA expression in leucocytes 4 h after the experiment was significantly lower in volunteers with Motion Sickness than in participants without N&V. Conclusions/Significance: These findings demonstrate that stress and Motion Sickness in humans are associated with impaired endocannabinoid activity. Enhancing ECS signaling may represent an alternative therapeutic strategy for Motion Sickness in individuals who do not respond to currently available treatments.
H H Bulthoff - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Individual Motion perception parameters and Motion Sickness frequency sensitivity in fore-aft Motion
Experimental Brain Research, 2021Co-Authors: Tugrul Irmak, H H Bulthoff, Ksander N. Winkel, Daan M. Pool, Riender HappeeAbstract:Previous literature suggests a relationship between individual characteristics of Motion perception and the peak frequency of Motion Sickness sensitivity. Here, we used well-established paradigms to relate Motion perception and Motion Sickness on an individual level. We recruited 23 participants to complete a two-part experiment. In the first part, we determined individual velocity storage time constants from perceived rotation in response to Earth Vertical Axis Rotation (EVAR) and subjective vertical time constants from perceived tilt in response to centrifugation. The cross-over frequency for resolution of the gravito-inertial ambiguity was derived from our data using the Multi Sensory Observer Model (MSOM). In the second part of the experiment, we determined individual Motion Sickness frequency responses. Participants were exposed to 30-minute sinusoidal fore-aft Motions at frequencies of 0.15, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5 Hz, with a peak amplitude of 2 m/s^2 in five separate sessions, approximately 1 week apart. Sickness responses were recorded using both the MIsery SCale (MISC) with 30 s intervals, and the Motion Sickness Assessment Questionnaire (MSAQ) at the end of the Motion exposure. The average velocity storage and subjective vertical time constants were 17.2 s (STD = 6.8 s) and 9.2 s (STD = 7.17 s). The average cross-over frequency was 0.21 Hz (STD = 0.10 Hz). At the group level, there was no significant effect of frequency on Motion Sickness. However, considerable individual variability was observed in frequency sensitivities, with some participants being particularly sensitive to the lowest frequencies, whereas others were most sensitive to intermediate or higher frequencies. The frequency of peak sensitivity did not correlate with the velocity storage time constant ( r = 0.32, p = 0.26) or the subjective vertical time constant ( r = − 0.37, p = 0.29). Our prediction of a significant correlation between cross-over frequency and frequency sensitivity was not confirmed ( r = 0.26, p = 0.44). However, we did observe a strong positive correlation between the subjective vertical time constant and general Motion Sickness sensitivity ( r = 0.74, p = 0.0006). We conclude that frequency sensitivity is best considered a property unique to the individual. This has important consequences for existing models of Motion Sickness, which were fitted to group averaged sensitivities. The correlation between the subjective vertical time constant and Motion Sickness sensitivity supports the importance of verticality perception during exposure to translational Sickness stimuli.
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beyond sensory conflict the role of beliefs and perception in Motion Sickness
PLOS ONE, 2021Co-Authors: Suzanne A E Nooij, Christopher J Bockisch, H H Bulthoff, Dominik StraumannAbstract:Illusory self-Motion often provokes Motion Sickness, which is commonly explained in terms of an inter-sensory conflict that is not in accordance with previous experience. Here we address the influence of cognition in Motion Sickness and show that such a conflict is not provocative when the observer believes that the Motion illusion is indeed actually occurring. Illusory self-Motion and Motion Sickness were elicited in healthy human participants who were seated on a stationary rotary chair inside a rotating optokinetic drum. Participants knew that both chair and drum could rotate but were unaware of the actual Motion stimulus. Results showed that Motion Sickness was correlated with the discrepancy between participants’ perceived self-Motion and participants’ beliefs about the actual Motion. Together with the general Motion Sickness susceptibility, this discrepancy accounted for 51% of the variance in Motion Sickness intensity. This finding sheds a new light on the causes of visually induced Motion Sickness and suggests that it is not governed by an inter-sensory conflict per se, but by beliefs concerning the actual self-Motion. This cognitive influence provides a promising tool for the development of new countermeasures.
Cheng Tan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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subjective vertical conflict theory and space Motion Sickness
Aerospace medicine and human performance, 2016Co-Authors: Wei Chen, Jian Gang Chao, Jin Kun Wang, Xue Wen Chen, Cheng TanAbstract:BACKGROUND Space Motion Sickness (SMS) remains a troublesome problem during spaceflight. The subjective vertical (SV) conflict theory postulates that all Motion Sickness provoking situations are characterized by a condition in which the SV sensed from gravity and visual and idiotropic cues differs from the expected vertical. This theory has been successfully used to predict Motion Sickness in different vehicles on Earth. METHOD We have summarized the most outstanding and recent studies on the illusions and characteristics associated with spatial disorientation and SMS during weightlessness, such as cognitive map and mental rotation, the visual reorientation and inversion illusions, and orientation preferences between visual scenes and the internal z-axis of the body. RESULTS The relationships between the SV and the incidence of and susceptibility to SMS as well as spatial disorientation were addressed. CONCLUSION A consistent framework was presented to understand and explain SMS characteristics in more detail on the basis of the SV conflict theory, which is expected to be more advantageous in SMS prediction, prevention, and training.
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Quantitative orientation preference and susceptibility to space Motion Sickness simulated in a virtual reality environment
Brain Research Bulletin, 2015Co-Authors: Wei Chen, Jian Gang Chao, Jin Kun Wang, Xue Wen Chen, Cheng TanAbstract:Orientation preference should appear when variable weightings of spatial orientation cues are used between individuals. It is possible that astronauts' orientation preferences could be a potential predictor for susceptibility to space Motion Sickness (SMS). The present study was conducted to confirm this relationship on Earth by quantifying orientation preferences and simulating SMS in a virtual reality environment. Two tests were carried out. The first was to quantitatively determine one's orientation preference. Thirty-two participants' vision and body cue preferences were determined by measuring perceptual up (PU) orientations. The ratio of vision and body vector (ROVB) was used as the indicator of one's orientation preference. The second test was to visually induce Motion Sickness symptoms that represent similar sensory conflicts as SMS using a virtual reality environment. Relationships between ROVB values and Motion Sickness scores were analyzed, which revealed cubic functions by using optimal fits. According to ROVB level, participants were divided into three groups - body group, vision group, and confusion group - and the factor of gender was further considered as a covariate in the analysis. Consistent differences in Motion Sickness scores were observed between the three groups. Thus, orientation preference had a significant relationship with susceptibility to simulated SMS symptoms. This knowledge could assist with astronaut selection and might be a useful countermeasure when developing new preflight trainings.