The Experts below are selected from a list of 11292 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Narelle Haworth - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Hazard perception by inexperienced Motorcyclists
    2020
    Co-Authors: Narelle Haworth, Mark Symmons
    Abstract:

    The literature suggests that car drivers with fewer crashes and older or more experienced drivers respond more quickly on hazard perception tasks, and that at least some types of training can improve hazard perception abilities for car drivers. However, the nature and likely consequences of hazards for Motorcyclists differ, and the relationships between novice status, level of experience and age are complicated for motorcycle riders. Thus the findings that hazard perception in car drivers improves with age may not necessarily generalise to motorcycle riders. A limited re-examination of motorcycle crash data showed that crash risk decreased as a function of years of on-road riding experience but not as a function of inexperience per se. Failure to respond appeared to reflect a failure of hazard perception but did not change systematically with experience. In general, younger and less experienced riders were more likely to report behaviours consistent with good hazard perception techniques than older and more experienced riders. However, these findings are clouded by differences in training and uncertain reliability of self-report data. Future directions for research into Motorcyclist hazard perception are discussed, along with the need to develop new training and testing regimes.

  • learning from insurance data injuries to other road users in Motorcyclist at fault crashes
    Transportation Research Record, 2016
    Co-Authors: Ashim Kumar Debnath, Narelle Haworth
    Abstract:

    In multivehicle crashes involving motorcycles, the motorcycle rider is less likely to be at fault but more commonly severely injured than the other road user. Not surprisingly, crashes in which motorcycle riders were at fault and, particularly, crashes in which the other road users were injured have not received little research attention. This paper aims to address this gap in the literature by an investigation of the factors influencing the severity of injury to other road users in crashes in which the Motorcyclist was at fault. Five years of data from Queensland, Australia, were obtained from a database of claims against the compulsory third party (CTP) injury insurance of the at-fault Motorcyclists. Analysis of the data with an ordered profit model showed more severe injuries in crashes involving young (younger than 25) and older (older than 60) at-fault Motorcyclists. Of the not-at-fault road users, the young, the old, and males were found to be more severely injured than were others. Injuries to vehi...

  • learning from insurance data injuries to other road users in Motorcyclist at fault crashes
    Centre for Accident Research & Road Safety - Qld (CARRS-Q); Faculty of Health; Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, 2016
    Co-Authors: Ashim Kumar Debnath, Narelle Haworth
    Abstract:

    In multi-vehicle motorcycle crashes, the motorcycle rider is less likely to be at-fault but more commonly severely injured than the other road user. Therefore, not surprisingly, crashes in which motorcycle riders are at-fault and particularly the injuries to the other road users in these crashes have received little research attention. This paper aims to address this gap in the literature by investigating the factors influencing the severity of injury to other road users in Motorcyclist-at-fault crashes. Five years of data from Queensland, Australia, were obtained from a database of claims against the compulsory third party (CTP) injury insurance of the at-fault Motorcyclists. Analysis of the data using an ordered probit model shows higher injury severity for crashes involving young (under 25) and older (60+) at-fault Motorcyclists. Among the not at-fault road users, the young, old, and males were found to be more severely injured than others. Injuries to vehicle occupants were less severe than those to pillions. Crashes that occurred between vehicles traveling in opposite directions resulted in more severe injuries than those involving vehicles traveling in the same direction. While most existing studies have analyzed police reported crash data, this study used CTP insurance data. Comparison of results indicates the potential of using CTP insurance data as an alternative to police reported crash data for gaining a better understanding of risk factors for motorcycle crashes and injury severity.

Fred L Mannering - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • a statistical assessment of temporal instability in the factors determining Motorcyclist injury severities
    Analytic Methods in Accident Research, 2019
    Co-Authors: Nawaf Alnawmasi, Fred L Mannering
    Abstract:

    Abstract This study explores the temporal instability of factors affecting Motorcyclist-injury severities in single-vehicle motorcycle crashes in Florida. Two data sources are used; one covers the 2012 to 2016 crash histories of Florida Motorcyclists who were newly licensed in 2012, and the second covers motorcycle crashes that occur on horizontal curves in Florida from 2005 to 2015. In the first dataset (2012 new riders), temporal changes may result from riders gaining experience as well as general temporal shifts. In the second dataset, rider experience is unknown (thus becoming a source of potential unobserved heterogeneity) but the temporal changes will be largely from general temporal shifts. With three possible Motorcyclist injury severity outcomes (no visible injury, minor injury, and severe injury), random parameters multinomial logit models, that allow for heterogeneity in means and variances, were estimated for all possible annual time periods in each dataset. Likelihood ratio tests were conducted to examine the overall stability of model estimates across time periods, and marginal effects of each explanatory variable were also considered to investigate the temporal instability of the effect of individual parameter estimates on Motorcyclist injury-severity probabilities. A wide range of variables was considered including Motorcyclists’ attributes (such as ethnicity and age), roadway and environmental conditions (such as light and road surface conditions), motorcycle characteristics (such as motorcycle make and type of motorcycle), rider actions (such as speeding and improper driving actions), and roadway conditions (such as obstacles on the road and speed limits). The results show significant temporal instability in Motorcyclist-injury severity models, which likely result from changes in motorcycle technology and performance, changes in macroeconomic conditions, changes induced by how riders respond to the changing behavior of other road users (whose behavior may be changing as a result of technology changes in their vehicles, evolving use of personal technologies in their vehicle, such as cell phones, etc.), and the changes in riders’ behavior and skills over time.

  • probabilistic models of Motorcyclists injury severities in single and multi vehicle crashes
    Accident Analysis & Prevention, 2007
    Co-Authors: Peter T. Savolainen, Fred L Mannering
    Abstract:

    Abstract Motorcycle fatalities have more than doubled in the United States since 1997—highlighting the need to better understand the many interrelated factors that determine Motorcyclists’ crash-injury severities. In this paper, using a detailed crash database from the state of Indiana, we estimate probabilistic models of Motorcyclists’ injury severities in single- and multi-vehicle crashes. Nested logit (estimated with full information maximum likelihood) and standard multinomial logit model results show a wide-range of factors significantly influence injury-severity probabilities. Key findings show that increasing Motorcyclist age is associated with more severe injuries and that collision type, roadway characteristics, alcohol consumption, helmet use, unsafe speed and other variables play significant roles in crash-injury outcomes.

Michael Richard Bambach - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • safe system approach to reducing serious injury risk in Motorcyclist collisions with fixed hazards
    Accident Analysis & Prevention, 2015
    Co-Authors: Michael Richard Bambach, Rebecca Mitchell
    Abstract:

    Collisions with fixed objects in the roadway environment account for a substantial proportion of Motorcyclist fatalities. Many studies have identified individual roadway environment and/or Motorcyclist characteristics that are associated with the severity of the injury outcome, including the presence of roadside barriers, helmet use, alcohol use and speeding. However, no studies have reported the cumulative benefit of such characteristics on motorcycling safety. The safe system approach recognises that the system must work as a whole to reduce the net injury risk to road users to an acceptable level, including the four system cornerstone areas of roadways, speeds, vehicles and people. The aim of the present paper is to consider these cornerstone areas concomitantly, and quantitatively assess the serious injury risk of Motorcyclists in fixed object collisions using this holistic approach. A total of 1006 Australian and 15,727 (weighted) United States Motorcyclist-fixed object collisions were collected retrospectively, and the serious injury risks associated with roadside barriers, helmet use, alcohol use and speeding were assessed both individually and concomitantly. The results indicate that if safety efforts are made in each of the safe system cornerstone areas, the combined effect is to substantially reduce the serious injury risk of fixed hazards to Motorcyclists. The holistic approach is shown to reduce the serious injury risk considerably more than each of the safety efforts considered individually. These results promote the use of a safe system approach to motorcycling safety.

  • Motorcyclist impacts into roadside barriers is the european crash test standard comprehensive enough
    Transportation Research Record, 2013
    Co-Authors: Raphael H. Grzebieta, Michael Richard Bambach, Andrew S. Mcintosh
    Abstract:

    This paper reports on a study that reviewed the European Standard EN 1317-8 for motorists crashing into barriers and the relevance to Australian motorcycle fatalities. The data collection and analysis of 78 Australian Motorcyclist-into-barrier fatalities described here were used to justify the review. In Australia each year approximately 15 Motorcyclists die from striking a road safety barrier. A retrospective analysis of the fatalities during 2001 to 2006 (n 5 78) was carried out. Consistent with European findings, approximately half the Motorcyclists were in the upright posture when they struck the barrier, whereas half slid into the barrier. The mean precrash speed was 100.8 km/h, and the mean impact angle was 15.4°. The areas of the body that were injured were similar across different barrier types (concrete, wire rope, and W-beam) and crash postures. The thorax area had the highest incidence of injury and maximum injury in fatal motorcycle crashes into barriers; the head area had the second-highest i...

  • human body modelling of Motorcyclist impacts with guardrail posts
    The Journal of the Australasian College of Road Safety, 2013
    Co-Authors: Michael Richard Bambach, Raphael H. Grzebieta
    Abstract:

    Recent research into Motorcyclist collisions with roadside barriers has indicated that while they are infrequent events, they often result in severe injury outcomes. Impacts with steel guardrail (W-beam) barrier posts have been identified as significant contributors to such injuries. Thoracic injury has been revealed as the body region most frequently seriously injured (AIS 3+), amongst fatal and non-fatal collisions. One approach to help reduce such trauma is to perform numerical simulations of Motorcyclist-barrier collisions, and to develop and assess barrier types and barrier modifications and their impact on injury outcomes. The aim of the present study is to validate a human FEM model of a Motorcyclist impact with a guardrail post, specifically focusing on the incidence and severity of thoracic injuries. Field-observed cases of Motorcyclist- barrier collisions in Australia are identified, where a collision of a Motorcyclist sliding into a steel guardrail barrier was fully reconstructed. A numerical model of the THUMS human body model sliding into a steel guardrail barrier is developed using LSDYNA. The biomechanical response of the THUMS model is validated against cadaver experiments of blunt anterior-posterior and lateral impacts to the chest, and against the field-observed collisions. The validated model will be a useful tool to develop and assess barriers and barrier modifications designed to improve the safety of roadsides for Motorcyclists. Keywords: Motorcyclist, guardrail, thoracic injury, FEM, computer simulation

  • The Protective Effect of Roadside Barriers for Motorcyclists
    Traffic Injury Prevention, 2013
    Co-Authors: Michael Richard Bambach, Rebecca Mitchell, Raphael H. Grzebieta
    Abstract:

    Objective: Roadside barriers are often deployed between road users and fixed hazards to protect users from injury. However, the United States and Australian Roadside Design Guides do not consider Motorcyclists in the risk-based decision process for the deployment of a barrier, because the severity indices for barriers and fixed hazards were developed for passenger vehicles. The aim of the present article is to quantify the protective effect of barriers with regards to Motorcyclist injury and to thereby inform the Roadside Design Guides as to the relative severity of roadside hazards and infrastructure for Motorcyclists. Method: A retrospective case series study, using linked police-reported road crash and hospital admission data in New South Wales, Australia, from 2001 to 2009 was performed. Crude and adjusted relative risks of Motorcyclist serious injury were determined for various fixed objects compared to barriers, using serious injury rates and multiple variable logistic regression. Calculated relativ...

  • Severity indices for Motorcyclist collisions with roadside hazards and barriers
    2013
    Co-Authors: Michael Richard Bambach, Rebecca Mitchell, Raphael H. Grzebieta
    Abstract:

    Roadside barriers are often deployed between road users and fixed hazards to protect users from injury. However, the Australian Roadside Design Guide (ARDG) does not consider Motorcyclists in the risk-based decision process for the deployment of a barrier, since the severity indices for barriers and fixed hazards were developed for passenger vehicles. The provision of a safe road environment for all road users, including Motorcyclists, is an objective of all road authorities, and is the basis of the Safe Systems approach. Therefore, there is a need to determine the risk of injury to Motorcyclists from fixed objects and barriers, and to provide guidance to roadside designers. The aim of the present study is to develop severity indices for Motorcyclists applicable to the ARDG. The study used a retrospective case series methodology, using linked police-reported road crash and hospital admission data in New South Wales, from 2001 to 2009. A total of 1,364 Motorcyclists injured as a result of single-vehicle collisions with roadside barriers, trees, utility poles and other fixed roadside infrastructure were identified. Serious injury rates and logistic regression were used to develop severity indices and calculate relative risks of trees, posts, utility poles and roadside barriers to Motorcyclists. It is shown that roadside barriers are generally safer for Motorcyclists than the hazards that they shield. The methodology used for developing the severity indices was aligned with that used for passenger vehicles recently developed by other authors, such that a consistent approach may be proposed for the ARDG.

Ashim Kumar Debnath - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • learning from insurance data injuries to other road users in Motorcyclist at fault crashes
    Transportation Research Record, 2016
    Co-Authors: Ashim Kumar Debnath, Narelle Haworth
    Abstract:

    In multivehicle crashes involving motorcycles, the motorcycle rider is less likely to be at fault but more commonly severely injured than the other road user. Not surprisingly, crashes in which motorcycle riders were at fault and, particularly, crashes in which the other road users were injured have not received little research attention. This paper aims to address this gap in the literature by an investigation of the factors influencing the severity of injury to other road users in crashes in which the Motorcyclist was at fault. Five years of data from Queensland, Australia, were obtained from a database of claims against the compulsory third party (CTP) injury insurance of the at-fault Motorcyclists. Analysis of the data with an ordered profit model showed more severe injuries in crashes involving young (younger than 25) and older (older than 60) at-fault Motorcyclists. Of the not-at-fault road users, the young, the old, and males were found to be more severely injured than were others. Injuries to vehi...

  • learning from insurance data injuries to other road users in Motorcyclist at fault crashes
    Centre for Accident Research & Road Safety - Qld (CARRS-Q); Faculty of Health; Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, 2016
    Co-Authors: Ashim Kumar Debnath, Narelle Haworth
    Abstract:

    In multi-vehicle motorcycle crashes, the motorcycle rider is less likely to be at-fault but more commonly severely injured than the other road user. Therefore, not surprisingly, crashes in which motorcycle riders are at-fault and particularly the injuries to the other road users in these crashes have received little research attention. This paper aims to address this gap in the literature by investigating the factors influencing the severity of injury to other road users in Motorcyclist-at-fault crashes. Five years of data from Queensland, Australia, were obtained from a database of claims against the compulsory third party (CTP) injury insurance of the at-fault Motorcyclists. Analysis of the data using an ordered probit model shows higher injury severity for crashes involving young (under 25) and older (60+) at-fault Motorcyclists. Among the not at-fault road users, the young, old, and males were found to be more severely injured than others. Injuries to vehicle occupants were less severe than those to pillions. Crashes that occurred between vehicles traveling in opposite directions resulted in more severe injuries than those involving vehicles traveling in the same direction. While most existing studies have analyzed police reported crash data, this study used CTP insurance data. Comparison of results indicates the potential of using CTP insurance data as an alternative to police reported crash data for gaining a better understanding of risk factors for motorcycle crashes and injury severity.

David J. Houston - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Chapter 27 – Motorcyclists
    Handbook of Traffic Psychology, 2020
    Co-Authors: David J. Houston
    Abstract:

    Publisher Summary Motorcyclists are the most vulnerable motorized vehicle users on the road. The purpose of this chapter is to identify key issues relevant to Motorcyclist safety with special attention to theoretical developments in transport psychology. To better understand why crashes occur, the most frequent types of crashes are presented with descriptive correlates of these crashes. The most common involves a Motorcyclist running off the road and overturning or striking an off-road object. The second most common type involves another vehicle that failed to stop or yield the right-of-way to a Motorcyclist. The third type of crash involves a head-on collision, usually a rider who crossed over into oncoming traffic. A fourth type of crash involves one vehicle turning across the path of another, which occurred in 9% of the cases. Early periods of motorcycle safety research focused on crash analysis and the technical facets of motorcycle travel. As a result, much has been learned about factors that contribute to crashes and the characteristics of the individuals and behaviors involved. This knowledge has suggested the need to engineer safer motorcycles, to redesign roads that more safely accommodate riders alongside other vehicles, and to design safety equipment to protect riders involved in a crash. The emphasis of this most recent period of research has been to understand why Motorcyclists engage in risky behaviors. Toward this end, the field of transport psychology has begun to identify the psychosocial determinants of unsafe riding behavior.

  • Motorcyclist fatality rates and mandatory helmet use laws
    Accident Analysis & Prevention, 2008
    Co-Authors: David J. Houston, Lilliard E Richardson
    Abstract:

    Using cross-sectional time series data for the 50 states and Washington, DC, covering the period 1975-2004, we estimate fixed effects regression models that examine the effects of universal and partial helmet laws on three different Motorcyclist fatality rates, while controlling for other state policies and characteristics. Depending on the particular measure that is employed, states with universal helmet laws have Motorcyclist fatality rates that are on average 22-33% lower in comparison to the experience with no helmet law. Additionally, partial coverage helmet laws are associated with reductions in Motorcyclist fatality rates of 7-10%, on average.

  • Are helmet laws protecting young Motorcyclists
    Journal of Safety Research, 2007
    Co-Authors: David J. Houston
    Abstract:

    PROBLEM: The trend in state mandatory motorcycle helmet laws is away from universal coverage to partial coverage statutes that require only young riders to wear a helmet. Among partial coverage states substantial variation exists in this age requirement. How effective are motorcycle helmet laws at reducing young Motorcyclist fatalities? METHOD: The dependent variable is the number of Motorcyclist fatalities 15-20 years of age. Fixed effects negative binomial regression models are estimated using panel data for all 50 states and Washington DC, for the period 1975-2004. RESULTS: Universal helmet laws are associated with fatality rates that are 31% lower among Motorcyclists 15-20 years of age. In contrast, partial coverage laws targeting young Motorcyclists are statistically unrelated to a reduction in the fatality rates of this age group. DISCUSSION: The long-term consequence of the move away from universal helmet laws will be an increased level of risk faced by young Motorcyclists. In many states, mandatory motorcycle helmet laws are not protecting even young riders. Language: en