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Lesley A Smallman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Mucociliary Function in patients with nasal polyps
    Clinical Otolaryngology, 1996
    Co-Authors: A Slater, Lesley A Smallman, A C M Logan, A B Drakelee
    Abstract:

    Patients with nasal polyposis complain of nasal blockage and rhinorrhoea, which may be due to impaired Mucociliary clearance. The saccharine clearance time and ciliary beat frequency of samples of ciliated epithelium from patients with nasal polyps was measured. We also studied the effect of fluid from the oedematous stroma of nasal polyps and of histamine and prostaglandin (PG) D2, E2 and F2 alpha on the cilia from normal individuals. Polyp fluid was found to increase ciliary beat frequency. Histamine and PGD2 had no effect, but PGE2 and PGF2 alpha both increased ciliary beat frequency and so may cause the ciliostimulatory effect of polyp fluid. The saccharine clearance time was prolonged in three of nine patients, but ciliary beat frequency was only slightly reduced in one of these. Thus, where Mucociliary clearance is reduced, it is likely to be due to abnormalities of mucus rather than impaired ciliary activity.

  • ciliary beat frequency of nasal and middle ear mucosa in children with otitis media with effusion
    Clinical Otolaryngology, 1992
    Co-Authors: Melissa Wake, Lesley A Smallman
    Abstract:

    Impaired Mucociliary Function of respiratory tract mucosa is associated with secretory otitis media in some well recognized syndromes. Ciliary activity per se may now be assessed directly by determination of ciliary beat frequency by a photoelectric technique.1,2 49 children with otitis media with effusion undergoing surgical treatment were studied. Middle ear mucosa and nasal epithelial cells were obtained by biopsy and cytological brushings respectively at the time of surgery (myringotomy ± grommet insertion under general anaesthesia). From these samples mean nasal ciliary beat frequency was 11.0 Hz and mean middle ear ciliary beat frequency was 11.2 Hz. A positive correlation exists between mean ciliary beat frequency of nasal and middle ear samples from individual patients. A comparison of mean ciliary beat frequency between children who were effusion positive and effusion negative at the time of surgery revealed no statistically significant difference. In addition, no difference existed between those children with recurrent otitis media with effusion and newly presenting cases. No prima facie evidence exists of impaired ciliary Function in this population of children with otitis media with effusion.

  • an animal investigation into the effects of tympanostomy on middle ear Mucociliary Function and cilia
    Clinical Otolaryngology, 1991
    Co-Authors: Lesley A Smallman, David Proops
    Abstract:

    The effect of tympanostomy on guinea-pig middle ear mucosa with particular reference to Mucociliary Function and cilia was investigated. 13 guinea-pigs were used; 5 acted as the control group with no surgical intervention whilst the other 8 had perforations made in one tympanic membrane. 6 weeks later an attempt was made to measure Mucociliary Function in all the ears, but this was unsuccessful. However, it would appear that fashioning a perforation in the tympanic membrane causes no histological changes in this animal model.

James A. Reihill - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • inhibition of protease epithelial sodium channel signaling improves Mucociliary Function in cystic fibrosis airways
    American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 2016
    Co-Authors: James A. Reihill, Brian J. Harvey, Brian R Walker, Robert Hamilton, Timothy Ferguson, Stuart J Elborn, Jackson M Stutts, Vinciane Saintcriq, S Hendrick, Lorraine Martin
    Abstract:

    Rationale: In cystic fibrosis (CF) a reduction in airway surface liquid (ASL) height compromises Mucociliary clearance, favoring mucus plugging and chronic bacterial infection. Inhibitors of the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) have therapeutic potential in CF airways to reduce hyperstimulated sodium and fluid absorption to levels that can restore airway hydration.Objectives: To determine whether a novel compound (QUB-TL1) designed to inhibit protease/ENaC signaling in CF airways restores ASL volume and Mucociliary Function.Methods: Protease activity was measured using fluorogenic activity assays. Differentiated primary airway epithelial cell cultures (F508del homozygotes) were used to determined ENaC activity (Ussing chamber recordings), ASL height (confocal microscopy), and Mucociliary Function (by tracking the surface flow of apically applied microbeads). Cell toxicity was measured using a lactate dehydrogenase assay.Measurements and Main Results: QUB-TL1 inhibits extracellularly located channel activa...

  • Inhibition of protease–epithelial sodium channel signaling improves Mucociliary Function in cystic fibrosis airways
    American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 2016
    Co-Authors: James A. Reihill, Brian Walker, Robert A. Hamilton, Timothy E. G. Ferguson, J. Stuart Elborn, M. Jackson Stutts, Brian J. Harvey, Vinciane Saint-criq, Siobhan M. Hendrick, S. Lorraine Martin
    Abstract:

    RATIONALE: In cystic fibrosis (CF) a reduction in airway surface liquid (ASL) height compromises Mucociliary clearance, favoring mucus plugging and chronic bacterial infection. Inhibitors of the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) have therapeutic potential in CF airways to reduce hyperstimulated sodium and fluid absorption to levels that can restore airway hydration. OBJECTIVES: To determine whether a novel compound (QUB-TL1) designed to inhibit protease/ENaC signaling in CF airways restores ASL volume and Mucociliary Function. METHODS: Protease activity was measured using fluorogenic activity assays. Differentiated primary airway epithelial cell cultures (F508del homozygotes) were used to determined ENaC activity (Ussing chamber recordings), ASL height (confocal microscopy), and Mucociliary Function (by tracking the surface flow of apically applied microbeads). Cell toxicity was measured using a lactate dehydrogenase assay. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: QUB-TL1 inhibits extracellularly located channel activating proteases (CAPs), including prostasin, matriptase, and furin, the activities of which are observed at excessive levels at the apical surface of CF airway epithelial cells. QUB-TL1-mediated CAP inhibition results in diminished ENaC-mediated Na(+) absorption in CF airway epithelial cells caused by internalization of a prominent pool of cleaved (active) ENaCγ from the cell surface. Importantly, diminished ENaC activity correlates with improved airway hydration status and Mucociliary clearance. We further demonstrate QUB-TL1-mediated furin inhibition, which is in contrast to other serine protease inhibitors (camostat mesylate and aprotinin), affords protection against neutrophil elastase-mediated ENaC activation and Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A-induced cell death. CONCLUSIONS: QUB-TL1 corrects aberrant CAP activities, providing a mechanism to delay or prevent the development of CF lung disease in a manner independent of CF transmembrane conductance regulator mutation.

Markus Rautiainen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Mucociliary Function of the eustachian tube in the eustachian tube dysFunction.
    Acta oto-laryngologica, 2019
    Co-Authors: Leena Pöyhönen, Dennis S. Poe, Ilkka Kivekäs, Juha Silvola, Markus Rautiainen
    Abstract:

    Background: Most of the tests to evaluate the eustachian tube (ET) Function are focused on the ventilation Function of the ET.Aim: Here we evaluate Mucociliary Function of the ET in patients with E...

  • effects of surgery on the Function of maxillary sinus mucosa
    European Archives of Oto-rhino-laryngology, 2005
    Co-Authors: Elina Toskala, Markus Rautiainen
    Abstract:

    For chronic maxillary sinusitis, the most popular surgical approach for treatment is endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS). After these operations, however, it is not clear how well the surgery restores the normal Mucociliary Function. We examined the Mucociliary clearance (MCC) in maxillary sinuses in chronic sinusitis before ESS and 6 months after the operations. The correlation of histology to MCC was also studied. Measurements of the mean residual Mucociliary clearance (MCC) of maxillary sinuses was studied pre- and postoperatively with an isotope method. Biopsies taken during ESS and 6 months postoperatively were studied by electron microscopy (EM). Preoperative residual MCC from the maxillary sinuses was 77±26% (mean±SD). Six months postoperatively, residual MCC was 70±22%, only slightly better than preoperatively. Residual MCC was considered good (≤50%) in 12% of sinuses preoperatively and in 20% postoperatively. In preoperative sinuses, 14% did not show any Mucociliary clearance compared to 11% postoperatively. As a single EM finding, metaplasia gave the poorest MCC (91%) and microvilli the best (68%). Mucociliary Function in maxillary sinusitis remains poor even 6 months postoperatively, with many pathological findings still visible in the sinus epithelium. MCC correlates well with the histology of the mucosa. Surgery does not significantly improve the Mucociliary Function of sinus mucosa in chronic maxillary sinusitis.

  • effects of surgery to the Function of maxillary sinus mucosa
    The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 2004
    Co-Authors: Elina Toskala, Markus Rautiainen
    Abstract:

    Abstract Rationale For chronic maxillary sinusitis, the most popular surgical approach for treatment is endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS). After these operations, however, it is not clear how well the surgery restores the normal Mucociliary Function. Methods We examined the Mucociliary clearance (MCC) in maxillary sinuses in chronic sinusitis before ESS and 6 months after the operation. Correlation of histology to MCC was also studied. Measurement of the mean Mucociliary clearance (MCC) of maxillary sinuses pre- and postoperatively with an isotope method was used. Biopsies taken during ESS and 6 months postoperatively were studied by EM (electron microscopy). Results Preoperative residual MCC from the maxillary sinus was 77%. EM showed loss of cells and cilia, ciliary disorientation and, goblet cells. Six months postoperatively, residual MCC was 70%, only slightly better than the MCC preoperatively. Postoperatively, EM revealed still many histological findings similar to those seen preoperatively. Conclusions Mucociliary Function in maxillary sinusitis remains poor even 6 months postoperatively, with many pathological findings still visible in the sinus epithelium. MCC correlates well with the histology of the mucosa. Surgery restores only slowly the normal Mucociliary Function in the maxillary sinusitis.

  • short nasal respiratory cilia and impaired Mucociliary Function
    European Archives of Oto-rhino-laryngology, 1991
    Co-Authors: Markus Rautiainen, Juhani Nuutinen, Yrjo Collan
    Abstract:

    A 48-year-old man was examined because of anosmia. He was otherwise healthy except for mild arterial hypertension. He had stopped smoking 20 years ago. Previously he had been exposed to sulfuric acid gases for 3 years in his work. Clinical examination revealed no findings to explain his anosmia. The patient was fertile, indicating normal sperm/cilia motility. Nasal Mucociliary Function was examined by radioactive tracer and found to be markedly and constantly impaired. Ciliary ultrastructure in cross-sections was normal. However, in longitudinal sections the length of the cilia varied from 0.6 μm to 3.9 gm. The mean length of the cilia from the cell membrane to the tip was 2.5 ± 0.9 gm, in contrast to normal ciliary length of 5–7 μm. These findings represent a new structural defect among the various known ciliary abnormalities.

Rodger J Pack - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Mucociliary Function deteriorates in the clinical range of inspired air temperature and humidity
    Intensive Care Medicine, 2004
    Co-Authors: Emma Kilgour, Nigel Rankin, Stuart Ryan, Rodger J Pack
    Abstract:

    Objective: To test whether a reduction in air temperature within the clinical range (37 �C to 30, 100% relative humidity (RH)) altered mu- cus transport velocity (MTV) and ciliary beat frequency (CBF) in an in vitro ovine tracheal model. Design: Controlled laboratory study. Setting: University research labora- tory. Subjects: Farm-reared sheep. Interventions: Tracheae were mount- ed flat in an organ bath. Krebs Henseleit bathed the serosal surface and air at 100% (RH) was passed over the mucosal surface at 4 l/min. Cilial beat frequency (CBF) was measured photo-electrically and mu- cus transport velocity (MTV) by

  • Mucociliary Function deteriorates in the clinical range of inspired air temperature and humidity
    Intensive Care Medicine, 2004
    Co-Authors: Emma Kilgour, Nigel Rankin, Stuart Ryan, Rodger J Pack
    Abstract:

    To test whether a reduction in air temperature within the clinical range [37 °C to 30, 100% relative humidity (RH)] altered mucus transport velocity (MTV) and ciliary beat frequency (CBF) in an in vitro ovine tracheal model. Controlled laboratory study. University research laboratory. Farm-reared sheep. Tracheae were mounted flat in an organ bath. Krebs Henseleit bathed the serosal surface and air at 100% (RH) was passed over the mucosal surface at 4 l/min. Cilial beat frequency (CBF) was measured photo-electrically and mucus transport velocity (MTV) by timing movement. After 2 h at 37 °C (100% RH) the tissue was either maintained with those settings (controls), or the air temperature reduced to 34 °C or 30 °C. Tissue was taken for histology before and after each experiment. CBF was 19.8±2.7 beats/s and MTV 5.7±2.6 mm/min in tissue exposed to air at 37 °C. Cilial activity continued for up to 6 h in the controls but mucus transport was more fragile. Reduction of the air temperature to either 34 °C or 30 °C led to a decrease in both CBF and MTV and, frequently, total Mucociliary failure. There was a reduction in epithelial mucous cell numbers in all preparations. Tissues exposed to low temperature had additional abnormal histology. Delivery of inspired gas at 30 °C, or even 34 °C, with 100% RH may not be sufficient to prevent epithelial damage occurring during 6 h exposure.

Lorraine Martin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • inhibition of protease epithelial sodium channel signaling improves Mucociliary Function in cystic fibrosis airways
    American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 2016
    Co-Authors: James A. Reihill, Brian J. Harvey, Brian R Walker, Robert Hamilton, Timothy Ferguson, Stuart J Elborn, Jackson M Stutts, Vinciane Saintcriq, S Hendrick, Lorraine Martin
    Abstract:

    Rationale: In cystic fibrosis (CF) a reduction in airway surface liquid (ASL) height compromises Mucociliary clearance, favoring mucus plugging and chronic bacterial infection. Inhibitors of the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) have therapeutic potential in CF airways to reduce hyperstimulated sodium and fluid absorption to levels that can restore airway hydration.Objectives: To determine whether a novel compound (QUB-TL1) designed to inhibit protease/ENaC signaling in CF airways restores ASL volume and Mucociliary Function.Methods: Protease activity was measured using fluorogenic activity assays. Differentiated primary airway epithelial cell cultures (F508del homozygotes) were used to determined ENaC activity (Ussing chamber recordings), ASL height (confocal microscopy), and Mucociliary Function (by tracking the surface flow of apically applied microbeads). Cell toxicity was measured using a lactate dehydrogenase assay.Measurements and Main Results: QUB-TL1 inhibits extracellularly located channel activa...