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Alan L Winters - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • regionalism versus Multilateralism
    Research Papers in Economics, 1999
    Co-Authors: Alan L Winters
    Abstract:

    This paper examines the theoretical arguments and historical evidence about whether regionalism undermines the multilateral trading system. It first considers how to define Multilateralism and then surveys over 60 recent contributions to the literature. It classifies theoretical models by four criteria: their assumed objective functions (national welfare versus pressure group interests); symmetric versus asymmetric models; one-off versus repeated games; and how they determine post-integration policies. It finds significant theoretical arguments and historical evidence on both sides of the debate. Very tentative conclusions include that regionalism may: help to liberalize very restrictive trade regimes; increase the vulnerability of less restrictive ones to break down; and be more likely to be harmful if governments are subject to sector-specific lobbying forces.

  • regionalism versus Multilateralism
    Social Science Research Network, 1996
    Co-Authors: Alan L Winters
    Abstract:

    Do the forces that regional integration arrangements set up encourage or discourage a trend toward globally freer trade? We don't know yet. The literature on regionalism versus Multilateralism is growing as economists and political scientists grapple with the question of whether regional integration arrangements are good or bad for the multilateral system. Are regional integration arrangements building blocks or stumbling blocks, in Jagdish Bhagwati's phrase, or stepping stones toward Multilateralism? As economists worry about the ability of the World Trade Organization to maintain the GATT's unsteady yet distinct momentum toward liberalism, and as they contemplate the emergence of world-scale regional integration arrangements (the EU, NAFTA, FTAA, APEC, and, possibly, TAFTA), the question has never been more pressing. Winters switches the focus from the immediate consequences of regionalism for the economic welfare of the integrating partners to the question of whether it sets up forces that encourage or discourage evolution toward globally freer trade. The answer is, We don't know yet. One can build models that suggest either conclusion, but these models are still so abstract that they should be viewed as parables rather than sources of testable predictions. Winters offers conclusions about research strategy as well as about the world we live in. Among the conclusions he reaches: Since we value Multilateralism, we had better work out what it means and, if it means different things to different people, make sure to identify the sense in which we are using the term. Sector-specific lobbies are a danger if regionalism is permitted because they tend to stop blocs from moving all the way to global free trade. In the presence of lobbies, trade diversion is good politics even if it is bad economics. Regionalism's direct effect on Multilateralism is important, but possibly more so is the indirect effect it has by changing the ways in which groups of countries interact and respond to shocks in the world economy. Regionalism, by allowing stronger internalization of the gains from trade liberalization, seems likely to facilitate freer trade when it is initially highly restricted. The possibility of regionalism probably increases the risks of catastrophe in the trading system. The insurance incentives for joining regional arrangements and the existence of shiftable externalities both lead to such a conclusion. So too does the view that regionalism is a means to bring trade partners to the multilateral negotiating table because it is essentially coercive. Using regionalism for this purpose may have been an effective strategy, but it is also risky. This paper - a product of the International Trade Division, International Economics Department - was prepared for a conference on regional integration sponsored by the Centre for Economic Policy Research, La Coruna, Spain, April 26-27, 1996.

Robert W Cox - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • the new realism perspectives on Multilateralism and world order
    1997
    Co-Authors: Robert W Cox
    Abstract:

    Preface - Notes on the Contributors - List of Acronyms - Introduction R.W.Cox - PART 1: REALITIES - Territory, State, Authority and Economy: a New Realist Ontology of Global Political Economy S.Strange - Peoples' Movements: the Antisystemic Challenge R.Stavenhagen - Seeking World Order Beyond the Gender Order of Global Hierarchies V.S.Peterson - The Person, the Household, the Community, and the Globe: Notes for a Theory of Multilateralism in a Turbulent World J.N.Rosenau - PART 2: PERSPECTIVES - Multilateralism in a Multicultural World: Notes for a Theory of Occulation K.Mushakoji - An Islamic Approach to Multilateralism H.Hanafi - The Indian Perspective S.Chandra - Chinese Culture and Multilateralism H.Wang - PART 3: DYNAMICS - The United States and the UN System: The Hegemon's Ambivalences About Its Appurtenances H.K.Jacobson - Multilateral Cooperation and Systemic Changes: Implications of the Breakup of the Soviet Bloc M.Simai - Global Apartheid and the Challenge to Civil Society: Africa in the Transformation of World Order F.Cheru - The Double Movement: Global Market Versus Regionalism B.Hettne - Reconsiderations R.W.Cox - Index

  • Multilateralism and world order
    Review of International Studies, 1992
    Co-Authors: Robert W Cox
    Abstract:

    ‘World order’ has become a current catchphrase of political discourse and journalism. ‘Multilateralism’ has become something of a growth sector in academic studies. What current events have brought into prominence, scholarship has an obligation to subject to critical analysis. This article raises some of the questions that should be probed in this analysis.

Margaret E. Mcguinness - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Security Multilateralism: Progress and Paradox
    Social Science Research Network, 2007
    Co-Authors: Margaret E. Mcguinness
    Abstract:

    The evolution of security Multilateralism away from the vision of one central apparatus need not, however, be viewed as a failure of international organization. Today, states and non-state actors alike invoke international law and norms, rely on the broader UN-based functions of security Multilateralism, and rationalize their actions within the framework of processes and rules governing security Multilateralism - even when they act outside the UN. The institutions of security Multilateralism have proven flexible enough to accommodate the ongoing dialogue within the international community about the content of the rules governing the use of force and the effectiveness of collective security responses. The perfection of international security Multilateralism may never be achievable, but the political and legal project of perfecting international security - including through institutional reform - should remain at the center of the project of international organization. Keywords: central apparatus; institutional reform; security Multilateralism

  • Multilateralism and War: A Taxonomy of Institutional Functions
    Villanova law review, 2006
    Co-Authors: Margaret E. Mcguinness
    Abstract:

    The dichotomy that emerged from the debate over the United States' invasion of Iraq, pitting Multilateralism against unilateralism, has generally obscured more than it has enlightened about the law, rationales, and effectiveness of Multilateralism in war. This article examines security Multilateralism and concludes that, while the authority to address peace and security is, as a matter of international law, aggregated at the Security Council, the functions through which the United Nations works in support of that aggregated legal mandate are dispersed throughout the organization and affiliated bodies. Inquiries that seek to measure the effectiveness of U.N. security Multilateralism against other multilateral or unilateral actors in armed conflict need to take this dispersal of functions into account. This article proposes a taxonomy of security Multilateralism formed by these disaggregated functions: (1) assessment; (2) intermediation; (3) humanitarian assistance; (4) sanctions; (5) military intervention; and (6) post-conflict administration. In this article, the taxonomy is applied to three cases that represent the spectrum of legality of outside interventions in war: U.N. multilateral (East Timor); ad hoc, non-U.N. multilateral (Kosovo); and unilateral (Iraq). This comparative empirical examination reveals the ways in which U.N. Multilateralism may be over-valued (e.g., the U.N.'s legitimating effect on outside military interventions), under-valued (e.g., the U.N.'s ability to assess threats and impose sanctions), or misconstrued (e.g., U.N. military operations may be no more or less multinational than non-U.N. operations). The article concludes with implications for reform of U.N. security functions and recommendations for how the taxonomy might be applied to future research.

Wilfred J. Ethier - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Unilateralism in a Multilateral World
    The Economic Journal, 2002
    Co-Authors: Wilfred J. Ethier
    Abstract:

    This paper addresses the interplay between unilateralism and Multilateralism. I describe their stylised facts and present a simple, multi-country model with high initial tariffs and features that have always been of paramount concern to policy makers, and allow governments to negotiate multilateral agreements. I then find a role for a system with features remarkably similar to contemporary unilateralism. The relationships between Multilateralism and unilateralism are subtle: Unilateralism has the properties it has because the world is multilateral (the insurancetriangle); useful unilateralism requires a multilateralcomponent resulting from a compatibility problem between those who negotiate multilaterally and those who establish unilateralism.

  • Unilateralism in a Multilateral World
    Research Papers in Economics, 2001
    Co-Authors: Wilfred J. Ethier
    Abstract:

    This paper addresses the interplay between unilateralism and Multilateralism. I first describe theirrespective stylized facts. I next present a simple, multi-country model with high initial tariffbarriers and with the features that have always been of paramount concern to policymakers, allowgovernments to negotiate multilateral agreements, and analyze the resulting equilibrium. I thenconsider the possibility of unilateralism and find a role for a system with features remarkablysimilar to contemporary unilateralism. The relationships between Multilateralism and unilateralismare subtle: Unilateralism has the properties it has because the world is multilateral (the insurancetriangle); to be useful unilateralism requires a multilateral component of some type; this typeresults from a basic compatibility problem between those who negotiate multilaterally and thosewho establish unilateralism.

John Gerard Ruggie - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Multilateralism matters the theory and praxis of an institutional form
    Foreign Affairs, 1993
    Co-Authors: John Gerard Ruggie
    Abstract:

    Part 1 THE CONCEPT: John Gerard Ruggie, Multilateralism: The Anatomy of an Institution. Part 2 THEORETICAL DEBATES: James A. Caporaso, International Relations Theory and Multilateralism: The Search for Foundations Lisa L. Martin, The Rational State Choice of Multilateralism. Part 3. DOMESTIC CONTENT: Anne-Marie Burley, Regulating the World: Multilateralism, International Law, and the Projection of the New Deal Regulatory State Peter F. Cowhey, Elect Locally-Order Globally: Domestic Politics and Multilateral Co-operation, Judith Goldstein Creating the GATT Rules: Politics, Institutions, and American Policy Steve Weber, Shaping the Post-war Balance of Power: Multilateralism in NATO. Part 4. INTERNATIONAL CHANGE: Miles Kahler, Multilateralism with Small and Large Numbers Patrick M. Morgan, Multilateralism and Security: Prospects in Europe Geoffrey Garrett, International Co-operation and Institutional Choice: The European Community's Internal Market Mark W. Zacher, Multilateral Organizations and the Institution of Multilateralism: The Development of Regimes for Non-Terrestrial Spaces. Part 5 THEORETICAL REPRISE: Friedrich Kratochwil, Norms Versus Numbers: Multilateralism and the Rationalist and Reflexivist Approaches to Institutions - A Unilateral Plea for Communicative Rationality.