The Experts below are selected from a list of 240 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Akira Shibata - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Multinucleated giant cells undergoing apoptosis in experimental autoimmune myocarditis
Archives of histology and cytology, 1995Co-Authors: Keisuke Suzuki, Tohru Izumi, Toshihiko Iwanaga, Tsuneo Fujita, Akira ShibataAbstract:This study used an experimentally induced myocarditis model in rats to demonstrate the formation and fate of Multinucleated giant cells which are known to occur in different kinds of inflammatory lesions. Multinucleated giant cells were frequently recognized in the inflammatory foci, being intermingled with numerous ED1-positive inflammatory macrophages rich in phagosomes. The giant cells reacted with the ED1 antibody but not with ED2, and ultrastructurally resembled the inflammatory macrophages. Multinucleated giant cells possessing less than 5 nuclei in an ultrathin section were rich in phagosomes, whereas those with more nuclei contained numerous lipid droplets and only few phagosomes in their cytoplasm. Light microscopic observation of hematoxylin-eosin stained sections revealed that some Multinucleated giant cells displayed variously sized dark bodies which likely corresponded to condensed and fragmented nuclear chromatin. Such Multinucleated giant cells were positively stained with the TUNEL method. Under the electron microscope, all nuclei in one Multinucleated giant cell showed an eccentric mass of homogeneously condensed chromatin. These observations suggest that Multinucleated giant cells are formed by aggregation and also likely by fusion of inflammatory macrophages; gradually loosing the phagocytotic activity characteristic of the latter cells, they then die by apoptosis.
-
Morphological analysis of Multinucleated giant cells occurred in experimental autoimmune myocarditis.
The Tohoku journal of experimental medicine, 1994Co-Authors: Makihiko Saeki, Tohru Izumi, Toshihiko Iwanaga, Tsuneo Fujita, Makoto Kodama, Shaosong Zhang, Haruo Hanawa, Hiromi Takahashi-iwanaga, Akira ShibataAbstract:Our previous study reported the rich existence of Multinucleated giant cells in an autoimmune myocarditis experimentally induced in rats. The present study investigated the histochemical and ultrastructural characteristics of these giant cells. Histochemistry for an acid phosphatase clearly demonstrated Multinucleated giant cells dispersed at the inflammatory foci. Ultrastructurally, the giant cells were shown to be single cells, but not clustered cells. Their ultrastructural characteristics were very similar to the basic features of macrophages, except that the giant cells were poor in lysosomes and phagosomes. It was noticeable that some macrophages possessed three or more nuclei, displaying an intermediate form between mononuclear macrophages and Multinucleated giant cells. These findings suggest that the giant cell in the experimental autoimmune myocarditis is a single Multinucleated cell, and possibly derived from macrophages by cell-to-cell fusion.
-
Characteristics of giant cells and factors related to the formation of giant cells in myocarditis.
Circulation Research, 1991Co-Authors: Makoto Kodama, Tohru Izumi, Yoh Matsumoto, Michio Fujiwara, Shaosong Zhang, Haruo Hanawa, Eiichi Itoh, Takashi Tsuda, Akira ShibataAbstract:Giant cell myocarditis is a serious and frequently fatal inflammatory heart disease of which the etiology remains unknown. In the present study, we investigated the origin of Multinucleated giant cells in myocarditis with the use of an experimental model. We also examined the factors relating to the formation of giant cells in myocarditis. Severe myocarditis characterized by the appearance of Multinucleated giant cells was induced in Lewis rats by immunization with cardiac myosin in complete Freund's adjuvant. Two types of giant cells, foreign body giant cell-like and myocytelike, were observed in this myocarditis. Immunohistochemical studies revealed that both types of Multinucleated giant cells were stained with OX42 and ED1 (macrophage markers) and were not stained with anti-desmin antibody and HHF35 (markers for muscle fibers). Therefore, it is likely that Multinucleated giant cells in this myocarditis are derived from macrophages. During the course of the disease, the appearance of Multinucleated giant cells was restricted to a period corresponding with the fulminant phase of inflammation. When the severity of the disease was modulated by immunization with various doses of the antigen, Multinucleated giant cells appeared only in severe myocarditis after inoculation of a large dose of the antigen. Administration of immunoadjuvants also affected the formation of giant cells. Most of the rats injected with cardiac myosin in complete Freund's adjuvant developed giant cell myocarditis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Daohong Jiang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
proto oncogenes in a eukaryotic unicellular organism play essential roles in plasmodial growth in host cells
BMC Genomics, 2018Co-Authors: Tao Chen, Zhixiao Gao, Ying Zhao, Jiasen Cheng, Jiatao Xie, Daohong JiangAbstract:The eukaryotic unicellular protist Plasmodiophora brassicae is an endocellular parasite of cruciferous plants. In host cortical cells, this protist develops a unicellular structure that is termed the plasmodium. The plasmodium is actually a Multinucleated cell, which subsequently splits and forms resting spores. The mechanism for the growth of this endocellular parasite in host cell is unclear. Here, combining de novo genome sequence and transcriptome analysis of strain ZJ-1, we identified top five significant enriched KEGG pathways of differentially expressed genes (DEGs), namely translation, cell growth and death, cell communication, cell motility and cancers. We detected 171 proto-oncogenes from the genome of P. brassicae that were implicated in cancer-related pathways, of which 46 were differential expression genes. Three predicted proto-oncogenes (Pb-Raf1, Pb-Raf2, and Pb-MYB), which showed homology to the human proto-oncogenes Raf and MYB, were specifically activated during the plasmodial growth in host cortical cells, demonstrating their involvement in the Multinucleate development stage of the unicellular protist organism. Gene networks involved in the tumorigenic-related signaling transduction pathways and the activation of 12 core genes were identified. Inhibition of phosphoinositol-3-kinase relieved the clubroot symptom and significantly suppressed the development process of plasmodia. Proto-oncogene-related regulatory mechanisms play an important role in the plasmodial growth of P. brassicae.
-
Proto-oncogenes in a eukaryotic unicellular organism play essential roles in plasmodial growth in host cells
BMC, 2018Co-Authors: Tao Chen, Zhixiao Gao, Ying Zhao, Jiasen Cheng, Jiatao Xie, Daohong JiangAbstract:Abstract Background The eukaryotic unicellular protist Plasmodiophora brassicae is an endocellular parasite of cruciferous plants. In host cortical cells, this protist develops a unicellular structure that is termed the plasmodium. The plasmodium is actually a Multinucleated cell, which subsequently splits and forms resting spores. The mechanism for the growth of this endocellular parasite in host cell is unclear. Results Here, combining de novo genome sequence and transcriptome analysis of strain ZJ-1, we identified top five significant enriched KEGG pathways of differentially expressed genes (DEGs), namely translation, cell growth and death, cell communication, cell motility and cancers. We detected 171 proto-oncogenes from the genome of P. brassicae that were implicated in cancer-related pathways, of which 46 were differential expression genes. Three predicted proto-oncogenes (Pb-Raf1, Pb-Raf2, and Pb-MYB), which showed homology to the human proto-oncogenes Raf and MYB, were specifically activated during the plasmodial growth in host cortical cells, demonstrating their involvement in the Multinucleate development stage of the unicellular protist organism. Gene networks involved in the tumorigenic-related signaling transduction pathways and the activation of 12 core genes were identified. Inhibition of phosphoinositol-3-kinase relieved the clubroot symptom and significantly suppressed the development process of plasmodia. Conclusions Proto-oncogene-related regulatory mechanisms play an important role in the plasmodial growth of P. brassicae
Eric Viscogliosi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Molecular phylogeny of parabasalids with emphasis on the order Cristamonadida and its complex morphological evolution.
Molecular phylogenetics and evolution, 2009Co-Authors: Satoko Noda, Clea Mantini, Osamu Kitade, Michael F. Dolan, Christian Bordereau, Eric ViscogliosiAbstract:Parabasalia represents a complex assemblage of species, which recently received extensive reorganization. The newly created order Cristamonadida unites complex hypermastigids belonging to the Lophomonadida like the joeniids, the Multinucleate polymonad Calonymphidae, and well-developed trichomonads in the Devescovinidae. All these protists exclusively occur in the guts of termites and related insects. In this study, small subunit rRNA and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase genes were identified without cultivation from 14 species in Cristamonadida including previously unstudied genera such as Joenina, Joenia, Joenoides, Macrotrichomonas, Gigantomonas, and Foaina. Despite the great morphological diversity of Cristamonadida, our phylogenetic analyses supported the monophyly of this order. However, almost all the families and subfamilies composing this order are polyphyletic suggesting a complicated morphological evolution. Our analyses also showed that Cristamonadida descends from one lineage of rudimentary trichomonads and that joeniids was basal in this order. Several successive and independent morphological transitions such as the development and reduction of flagellar apparatus and associated cytoskeleton and transition to Multinucleated status have likely led to the diversity and complexity of cristamonad lineages.
Amy S Gladfelter - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
nuclear autonomy in Multinucleate fungi
Current Opinion in Microbiology, 2015Co-Authors: Samantha E Roberts, Amy S GladfelterAbstract:Within many fungal syncytia, nuclei behave independently despite sharing a common cytoplasm. Creation of independent nuclear zones of control in one cell is paradoxical considering random protein synthesis sites, predicted rapid diffusion rates, and well-mixed cytosol. In studying the surprising fungal nuclear autonomy, new principles of cellular organization are emerging. We discuss the current understanding of nuclear autonomy, focusing on asynchronous cell cycle progression where most work has been directed. Mechanisms underlying nuclear autonomy are diverse including mRNA localization, ploidy variability, and nuclear spacing control. With the challenges fungal syncytia face due to cytoplasmic size and shape, they serve as powerful models for uncovering new subcellular organization modes, variability sources among isogenic uninucleate cells, and the evolution of multicellularity.
-
heterogeneity in mitochondrial morphology and membrane potential is independent of the nuclear division cycle in Multinucleate fungal cells
Eukaryotic Cell, 2012Co-Authors: John P Gerstenberger, Patricia Occhipinti, Amy S GladfelterAbstract:In the Multinucleate filamentous fungus Ashbya gossypii, nuclei divide asynchronously in a common cytoplasm. We hypothesize that the division cycle machinery has a limited zone of influence in the cytoplasm to promote nuclear autonomy. Mitochondria in cultured mammalian cells undergo cell cycle-specific changes in morphology and membrane potential and therefore can serve as a reporter of the cell cycle state of the cytoplasm. To evaluate if the cell cycle state of nuclei in A. gossypii can influence the adjacent cytoplasm, we tested whether local mitochondrial morphology and membrane potential in A. gossypii are associated with the division state of a nearby nucleus. We found that mitochondria exhibit substantial heterogeneity in both morphology and membrane potential within a single Multinucleated cell. Notably, differences in mitochondrial morphology or potential are not associated with a specific nuclear division state. Heterokaryon mutants with a mixture of nuclei with deletions of and wild type for the mitochondrial fusion/fission genes DNM1 and FZO1 exhibit altered mitochondrial morphology and severe growth and sporulation defects. This dominant effect suggests that the gene products may be required locally near their expression site rather than diffusing widely in the cell. Our results demonstrate that mitochondrial dynamics are essential in these large syncytial cells, yet morphology and membrane potential are independent of nuclear cycle state.
-
Nuclear anarchy: asynchronous mitosis in Multinucleated fungal hyphae.
Current opinion in microbiology, 2006Co-Authors: Amy S GladfelterAbstract:Multinucleated cells are found in diverse contexts and include filamentous fungi, developing insect embryos, skeletal muscle and metastasizing tumor cells. Some Multinucleated cells such as those in muscles arise from cell fusion events, but many are formed through specialized cell cycles in which nuclear and cell division are uncoupled. Recent work in the fungus Ashbya gossypii illustrates how unique spatial and temporal regulation of conserved cell cycle regulators directs mitosis in Multinucleated cells.
Tao Chen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
proto oncogenes in a eukaryotic unicellular organism play essential roles in plasmodial growth in host cells
BMC Genomics, 2018Co-Authors: Tao Chen, Zhixiao Gao, Ying Zhao, Jiasen Cheng, Jiatao Xie, Daohong JiangAbstract:The eukaryotic unicellular protist Plasmodiophora brassicae is an endocellular parasite of cruciferous plants. In host cortical cells, this protist develops a unicellular structure that is termed the plasmodium. The plasmodium is actually a Multinucleated cell, which subsequently splits and forms resting spores. The mechanism for the growth of this endocellular parasite in host cell is unclear. Here, combining de novo genome sequence and transcriptome analysis of strain ZJ-1, we identified top five significant enriched KEGG pathways of differentially expressed genes (DEGs), namely translation, cell growth and death, cell communication, cell motility and cancers. We detected 171 proto-oncogenes from the genome of P. brassicae that were implicated in cancer-related pathways, of which 46 were differential expression genes. Three predicted proto-oncogenes (Pb-Raf1, Pb-Raf2, and Pb-MYB), which showed homology to the human proto-oncogenes Raf and MYB, were specifically activated during the plasmodial growth in host cortical cells, demonstrating their involvement in the Multinucleate development stage of the unicellular protist organism. Gene networks involved in the tumorigenic-related signaling transduction pathways and the activation of 12 core genes were identified. Inhibition of phosphoinositol-3-kinase relieved the clubroot symptom and significantly suppressed the development process of plasmodia. Proto-oncogene-related regulatory mechanisms play an important role in the plasmodial growth of P. brassicae.
-
Proto-oncogenes in a eukaryotic unicellular organism play essential roles in plasmodial growth in host cells
BMC, 2018Co-Authors: Tao Chen, Zhixiao Gao, Ying Zhao, Jiasen Cheng, Jiatao Xie, Daohong JiangAbstract:Abstract Background The eukaryotic unicellular protist Plasmodiophora brassicae is an endocellular parasite of cruciferous plants. In host cortical cells, this protist develops a unicellular structure that is termed the plasmodium. The plasmodium is actually a Multinucleated cell, which subsequently splits and forms resting spores. The mechanism for the growth of this endocellular parasite in host cell is unclear. Results Here, combining de novo genome sequence and transcriptome analysis of strain ZJ-1, we identified top five significant enriched KEGG pathways of differentially expressed genes (DEGs), namely translation, cell growth and death, cell communication, cell motility and cancers. We detected 171 proto-oncogenes from the genome of P. brassicae that were implicated in cancer-related pathways, of which 46 were differential expression genes. Three predicted proto-oncogenes (Pb-Raf1, Pb-Raf2, and Pb-MYB), which showed homology to the human proto-oncogenes Raf and MYB, were specifically activated during the plasmodial growth in host cortical cells, demonstrating their involvement in the Multinucleate development stage of the unicellular protist organism. Gene networks involved in the tumorigenic-related signaling transduction pathways and the activation of 12 core genes were identified. Inhibition of phosphoinositol-3-kinase relieved the clubroot symptom and significantly suppressed the development process of plasmodia. Conclusions Proto-oncogene-related regulatory mechanisms play an important role in the plasmodial growth of P. brassicae
