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Azage Tegegne - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effects of supplementation with foliages of selected Multipurpose Trees their mixtures or wheat bran on feed intake plasma enzyme activities live weight and scrotal circumference gains in menz sheep
Livestock Production Science, 2004Co-Authors: Solomon Melaku, K J Peters, Azage TegegneAbstract:Abstract The experiment was conducted at Debre Zeit Research Station of the International Livestock Research Institute in Ethiopia for 126 days. Fifty-four male Menz sheep with initial live weight (LW) of 15.7±0.32 kg (mean±S.D.) were blocked on initial LW and randomly assigned to one of the nine treatments, giving six animals per treatment. The basal feed used in the experiment was tef (Eragrostis tef) straw. The supplement treatments consisted of wheat bran (positive control) or dried foliage of the Multipurpose Trees (MPT), Sesbania sesban 1198, S. sesban 15019, Acacia angustissima 15132, and Leucaena pallida 14203, or the mixtures of S. sesban 1198 and S. sesban 15019 with either L. pallida 14203 or A. angustissima 15132 at a ratio of 2:1. The level of supplementation was at 0.9% of LW on dry matter (DM) basis. The objectives of the experiment were to evaluate the effects of supplementation on feed intake, plasma activities of certain enzymes, daily LW and scrotal circumference gains. The crude protein (CP) content in the MPT leaves and their mixtures ranged between 21.6% and 27.8% of DM. Supplementation with mixtures of MPTs promoted higher organic matter (OM) (P 0.05) between treatments at the beginning and at the end of the experiment. It is concluded that supplementation with mixtures of MPTs promoted better utilization of nutrients and animal performance compared to sole MPTs or wheat bran in sheep fed on a basal diet of tef straw.
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supplementation of menz ewes with dried leaves of lablab purpureus or graded levels of leucaena pallida 14203 and sesbania sesban 1198 effects on feed intake live weight gain and estrous cycle
Animal Feed Science and Technology, 2004Co-Authors: Solomon Melaku, K J Peters, Azage TegegneAbstract:The research was conducted at the International Livestock Research Institute, Debre Zeit Research Station, which is situated in the central highlands of Ethiopia. Leaves of Lablab purpureus and the Multipurpose Trees (MPT), namely, Leucaena pallida 14203 and Sesbania sesban 1198 were harvested and dried in a shade at the research station. Seventy individually penned Menz ewes with a mean initial weight of 14.77±0.32 kg (mean±S.D.) were randomly assigned to seven treatments in a randomized block design. The ewes were supplemented daily with three levels of L. pallida 14203, namely, LP1 (8.3 g DM kg−1 LW), LP2 (11 g DM kg−1 LW), LP3 (13.3 g DM kg−1 LW); three levels of S. sesban 1198, namely, SS1 (8.2 g DM kg−1 LW), SS2 (10.9 g DM kg−1 LW), SS3 (13.3 g DM kg−1 LW) and one level of L. purpureus, LAB (10.5 g DM kg−1 LW), which was used as a control. The basal feed, chopped tef (Eragrostis tef) straw, mineral blocks and water were offered ad libitum. The feeding period lasted for 5 months. Body weight was measured fortnightly, and monitoring of estrus was conducted twice daily for 60 days by visual observation and using vasectomized rams. Contents of crude protein (CP) were lower, and that of neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and acid detergent lignin (ADL) were higher in L. purpureus compared to both MPTs. Soluble phenolics and condensed tannins were highest in L. pallida 14203, followed by S. sesban 1198 and least in L. purpureus. At equal levels of offer, digestible crude protein (DCP) intake was lower (P<0.001) in sheep supplemented with L. pallida 14203 than with S. sesban 1198 or L. purpureus. L. pallida 14203 was readily consumed, whereas animals on L. purpureus and higher levels of S. sesban 1198 had variable quantities of refusals. Supplementation with L. pallida 14203 compared to S. sesban 1198 resulted in higher proportions (P<0.01) of ewes manifesting estrus during the first estrous cycle. Manifestation of estrus was lower (P<0.05) in ewes supplemented with the highest level of S. sesban 1198 than the two lower levels in the first and in the overall mean of the three estrous cycles monitored. Daily live weight gain was higher when the animals were supplemented with S. sesban 1198 as opposed to L. pallida 14203 (P<0.05) or L. purpureus (P<0.01). It is concluded that anti-nutritional factors such as condensed tannins seem to play little role in limiting intake of L. pallida 14203 at all levels of supplementation maintained in this study, whereas some anti-nutritional factors in S. sesban 1198 may limit its intake at higher levels of offer. Moreover, supplementation with S. sesban 1198 had a negative influence on the reproduction of ewes by compromising manifestation of estrus when offered at the highest level of supplementation.
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in vitro and in situ evaluation of selected Multipurpose Trees wheat bran and lablab purpureus as potential feed supplements to tef eragrostis tef straw
Animal Feed Science and Technology, 2003Co-Authors: Solomon Melaku, K J Peters, Azage TegegneAbstract:In vitro and in situ evaluations of feed samples were carried out at Debre Zeit Research Station (Ethiopia) of the International Livestock Research Institute. The feed samples consisted of tef straw, wheat bran, dried Lablab purpureus, and dried foliage of the Multipurpose Trees (MPT), namely Sesbania sesban 1198, Sesbania sesban 15019, Acacia angustissima 15132, Leucaena pallida 14203, and mixtures of S. sesban 1198 + L. pallida 14203; S. sesban 15019 + L. pallida 14203; S. sesban 1198 + A.angustissima 15132; S. sesban 15019 + L. pallida 14203 at a ratio of 2:1. The objectives of the study were to assess the nutritive value of the feed samples and to also consider their potential as supplements to tef straw. The MPTs contained higher crude protein (CP) (216-278 g kg -1 dry matter (DM)), and lower neutral detergent fiber (NDF) (204-338 g kg -1 DM) than wheat bran and L. purpureus. Anti-nutritive factors such as soluble phenolics and fiber bound condensed tannins were high in A. angustissima 15132 and L. pallida 14203, respectively. Wheat bran produced significantly more gas (P < 0.001) than either sole or mixtures of MPTs, but the rate of gas production was significantly greater ( P < 0.001) for the MPTs than for wheat bran. Significantly lower (P < 0.05) extent and rate of gas production were observed in sole A. angustissima 15132 than in its mixtures with both accessions of S, sesban. L. pallida 14203 yielded significantly lower (P < 0.05) in vitro ammonia than its mixtures with both accessions of S. sesban. Sole L. pallida 14203 and A. angustissima 15132 had significantly lower (P < 0.05) in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD), in situ potential and effective degradability of DM and nitrogen (N) than their respective mixtures with both accessions of S. sesban. Acid detergent fiber (ADF) and NDF had a strong negative impact on the rapidly degradable and potential degradability of DM (P < 0.001), whereas neutral detergent fiber bound N (NDF-N) significantly limited (P < 0.05) the rate and effective degradability of DM, as well as the extent and rate of in vitro gas production. IVDMD was also negatively influenced by contents of NDF (P < 0.01), ADF and acid detergent lignin (ADL) (P < 0.05). In situ extent of DM degradability, potential and effective degradability of DM were positively correlated (P < 0.01) with IVDMD, and the rate of in vitro gas production was also positively correlated (P < 0.05) with the rate of in situ DM degradability. It is concluded that all the MATs and their mixtures have desirable characteristics as potential feed supplements to tef straw compared with wheat bran or L. purpureus. Within the MPTs, A. angustissima 15132 and L. pallida 14203 could be inferior supplements to tef straw compared to S. sesban 1198 or S. seshan 15019. However, mixing both accessions of S. Sesban with either A. angustissima 15132 or L. pallida 14203 has the potential of improving the utilization of the latter MPTs. Moreover, it is concluded that in vitro gas production, in situ DM degradation and IVDMD methods could be alternatively used to evaluate the nutritive value of feeds similar to those used in this study.
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in vitro and in situ evaluation of selected Multipurpose Trees wheat bran and lablab purpureus as potential feed supplements to tef eragrostis tef straw
Animal Feed Science and Technology, 2003Co-Authors: Solomon Melaku, K J Peters, Azage TegegneAbstract:Abstract In vitro and in situ evaluations of feed samples were carried out at Debre Zeit Research Station (Ethiopia) of the International Livestock Research Institute. The feed samples consisted of tef straw, wheat bran, dried Lablab purpureus, and dried foliage of the Multipurpose Trees (MPT), namely Sesbania sesban 1198, Sesbania sesban 15019, Acacia angustissima 15132, Leucaena pallida 14203, and mixtures of S. sesban 1198+L. pallida 14203; S. sesban 15019+L. pallida 14203; S. sesban 1198+A. angustissima 15132; S. sesban 15019+L. pallida 14203 at a ratio of 2:1. The objectives of the study were to assess the nutritive value of the feed samples and to also consider their potential as supplements to tef straw. The MPTs contained higher crude protein (CP) (216–278 g kg−1 dry matter (DM)), and lower neutral detergent fiber (NDF) (204–338 g kg−1 DM) than wheat bran and L. purpureus. Anti-nutritive factors such as soluble phenolics and fiber bound condensed tannins were high in A. angustissima 15132 and L. pallida 14203, respectively. Wheat bran produced significantly more gas (P
Solomon Melaku - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effects of supplementation with foliages of selected Multipurpose Trees their mixtures or wheat bran on feed intake plasma enzyme activities live weight and scrotal circumference gains in menz sheep
Livestock Production Science, 2004Co-Authors: Solomon Melaku, K J Peters, Azage TegegneAbstract:Abstract The experiment was conducted at Debre Zeit Research Station of the International Livestock Research Institute in Ethiopia for 126 days. Fifty-four male Menz sheep with initial live weight (LW) of 15.7±0.32 kg (mean±S.D.) were blocked on initial LW and randomly assigned to one of the nine treatments, giving six animals per treatment. The basal feed used in the experiment was tef (Eragrostis tef) straw. The supplement treatments consisted of wheat bran (positive control) or dried foliage of the Multipurpose Trees (MPT), Sesbania sesban 1198, S. sesban 15019, Acacia angustissima 15132, and Leucaena pallida 14203, or the mixtures of S. sesban 1198 and S. sesban 15019 with either L. pallida 14203 or A. angustissima 15132 at a ratio of 2:1. The level of supplementation was at 0.9% of LW on dry matter (DM) basis. The objectives of the experiment were to evaluate the effects of supplementation on feed intake, plasma activities of certain enzymes, daily LW and scrotal circumference gains. The crude protein (CP) content in the MPT leaves and their mixtures ranged between 21.6% and 27.8% of DM. Supplementation with mixtures of MPTs promoted higher organic matter (OM) (P 0.05) between treatments at the beginning and at the end of the experiment. It is concluded that supplementation with mixtures of MPTs promoted better utilization of nutrients and animal performance compared to sole MPTs or wheat bran in sheep fed on a basal diet of tef straw.
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supplementation of menz ewes with dried leaves of lablab purpureus or graded levels of leucaena pallida 14203 and sesbania sesban 1198 effects on feed intake live weight gain and estrous cycle
Animal Feed Science and Technology, 2004Co-Authors: Solomon Melaku, K J Peters, Azage TegegneAbstract:The research was conducted at the International Livestock Research Institute, Debre Zeit Research Station, which is situated in the central highlands of Ethiopia. Leaves of Lablab purpureus and the Multipurpose Trees (MPT), namely, Leucaena pallida 14203 and Sesbania sesban 1198 were harvested and dried in a shade at the research station. Seventy individually penned Menz ewes with a mean initial weight of 14.77±0.32 kg (mean±S.D.) were randomly assigned to seven treatments in a randomized block design. The ewes were supplemented daily with three levels of L. pallida 14203, namely, LP1 (8.3 g DM kg−1 LW), LP2 (11 g DM kg−1 LW), LP3 (13.3 g DM kg−1 LW); three levels of S. sesban 1198, namely, SS1 (8.2 g DM kg−1 LW), SS2 (10.9 g DM kg−1 LW), SS3 (13.3 g DM kg−1 LW) and one level of L. purpureus, LAB (10.5 g DM kg−1 LW), which was used as a control. The basal feed, chopped tef (Eragrostis tef) straw, mineral blocks and water were offered ad libitum. The feeding period lasted for 5 months. Body weight was measured fortnightly, and monitoring of estrus was conducted twice daily for 60 days by visual observation and using vasectomized rams. Contents of crude protein (CP) were lower, and that of neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and acid detergent lignin (ADL) were higher in L. purpureus compared to both MPTs. Soluble phenolics and condensed tannins were highest in L. pallida 14203, followed by S. sesban 1198 and least in L. purpureus. At equal levels of offer, digestible crude protein (DCP) intake was lower (P<0.001) in sheep supplemented with L. pallida 14203 than with S. sesban 1198 or L. purpureus. L. pallida 14203 was readily consumed, whereas animals on L. purpureus and higher levels of S. sesban 1198 had variable quantities of refusals. Supplementation with L. pallida 14203 compared to S. sesban 1198 resulted in higher proportions (P<0.01) of ewes manifesting estrus during the first estrous cycle. Manifestation of estrus was lower (P<0.05) in ewes supplemented with the highest level of S. sesban 1198 than the two lower levels in the first and in the overall mean of the three estrous cycles monitored. Daily live weight gain was higher when the animals were supplemented with S. sesban 1198 as opposed to L. pallida 14203 (P<0.05) or L. purpureus (P<0.01). It is concluded that anti-nutritional factors such as condensed tannins seem to play little role in limiting intake of L. pallida 14203 at all levels of supplementation maintained in this study, whereas some anti-nutritional factors in S. sesban 1198 may limit its intake at higher levels of offer. Moreover, supplementation with S. sesban 1198 had a negative influence on the reproduction of ewes by compromising manifestation of estrus when offered at the highest level of supplementation.
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in vitro and in situ evaluation of selected Multipurpose Trees wheat bran and lablab purpureus as potential feed supplements to tef eragrostis tef straw
Animal Feed Science and Technology, 2003Co-Authors: Solomon Melaku, K J Peters, Azage TegegneAbstract:In vitro and in situ evaluations of feed samples were carried out at Debre Zeit Research Station (Ethiopia) of the International Livestock Research Institute. The feed samples consisted of tef straw, wheat bran, dried Lablab purpureus, and dried foliage of the Multipurpose Trees (MPT), namely Sesbania sesban 1198, Sesbania sesban 15019, Acacia angustissima 15132, Leucaena pallida 14203, and mixtures of S. sesban 1198 + L. pallida 14203; S. sesban 15019 + L. pallida 14203; S. sesban 1198 + A.angustissima 15132; S. sesban 15019 + L. pallida 14203 at a ratio of 2:1. The objectives of the study were to assess the nutritive value of the feed samples and to also consider their potential as supplements to tef straw. The MPTs contained higher crude protein (CP) (216-278 g kg -1 dry matter (DM)), and lower neutral detergent fiber (NDF) (204-338 g kg -1 DM) than wheat bran and L. purpureus. Anti-nutritive factors such as soluble phenolics and fiber bound condensed tannins were high in A. angustissima 15132 and L. pallida 14203, respectively. Wheat bran produced significantly more gas (P < 0.001) than either sole or mixtures of MPTs, but the rate of gas production was significantly greater ( P < 0.001) for the MPTs than for wheat bran. Significantly lower (P < 0.05) extent and rate of gas production were observed in sole A. angustissima 15132 than in its mixtures with both accessions of S, sesban. L. pallida 14203 yielded significantly lower (P < 0.05) in vitro ammonia than its mixtures with both accessions of S. sesban. Sole L. pallida 14203 and A. angustissima 15132 had significantly lower (P < 0.05) in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD), in situ potential and effective degradability of DM and nitrogen (N) than their respective mixtures with both accessions of S. sesban. Acid detergent fiber (ADF) and NDF had a strong negative impact on the rapidly degradable and potential degradability of DM (P < 0.001), whereas neutral detergent fiber bound N (NDF-N) significantly limited (P < 0.05) the rate and effective degradability of DM, as well as the extent and rate of in vitro gas production. IVDMD was also negatively influenced by contents of NDF (P < 0.01), ADF and acid detergent lignin (ADL) (P < 0.05). In situ extent of DM degradability, potential and effective degradability of DM were positively correlated (P < 0.01) with IVDMD, and the rate of in vitro gas production was also positively correlated (P < 0.05) with the rate of in situ DM degradability. It is concluded that all the MATs and their mixtures have desirable characteristics as potential feed supplements to tef straw compared with wheat bran or L. purpureus. Within the MPTs, A. angustissima 15132 and L. pallida 14203 could be inferior supplements to tef straw compared to S. sesban 1198 or S. seshan 15019. However, mixing both accessions of S. Sesban with either A. angustissima 15132 or L. pallida 14203 has the potential of improving the utilization of the latter MPTs. Moreover, it is concluded that in vitro gas production, in situ DM degradation and IVDMD methods could be alternatively used to evaluate the nutritive value of feeds similar to those used in this study.
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in vitro and in situ evaluation of selected Multipurpose Trees wheat bran and lablab purpureus as potential feed supplements to tef eragrostis tef straw
Animal Feed Science and Technology, 2003Co-Authors: Solomon Melaku, K J Peters, Azage TegegneAbstract:Abstract In vitro and in situ evaluations of feed samples were carried out at Debre Zeit Research Station (Ethiopia) of the International Livestock Research Institute. The feed samples consisted of tef straw, wheat bran, dried Lablab purpureus, and dried foliage of the Multipurpose Trees (MPT), namely Sesbania sesban 1198, Sesbania sesban 15019, Acacia angustissima 15132, Leucaena pallida 14203, and mixtures of S. sesban 1198+L. pallida 14203; S. sesban 15019+L. pallida 14203; S. sesban 1198+A. angustissima 15132; S. sesban 15019+L. pallida 14203 at a ratio of 2:1. The objectives of the study were to assess the nutritive value of the feed samples and to also consider their potential as supplements to tef straw. The MPTs contained higher crude protein (CP) (216–278 g kg−1 dry matter (DM)), and lower neutral detergent fiber (NDF) (204–338 g kg−1 DM) than wheat bran and L. purpureus. Anti-nutritive factors such as soluble phenolics and fiber bound condensed tannins were high in A. angustissima 15132 and L. pallida 14203, respectively. Wheat bran produced significantly more gas (P
K J Peters - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effects of supplementation with foliages of selected Multipurpose Trees their mixtures or wheat bran on feed intake plasma enzyme activities live weight and scrotal circumference gains in menz sheep
Livestock Production Science, 2004Co-Authors: Solomon Melaku, K J Peters, Azage TegegneAbstract:Abstract The experiment was conducted at Debre Zeit Research Station of the International Livestock Research Institute in Ethiopia for 126 days. Fifty-four male Menz sheep with initial live weight (LW) of 15.7±0.32 kg (mean±S.D.) were blocked on initial LW and randomly assigned to one of the nine treatments, giving six animals per treatment. The basal feed used in the experiment was tef (Eragrostis tef) straw. The supplement treatments consisted of wheat bran (positive control) or dried foliage of the Multipurpose Trees (MPT), Sesbania sesban 1198, S. sesban 15019, Acacia angustissima 15132, and Leucaena pallida 14203, or the mixtures of S. sesban 1198 and S. sesban 15019 with either L. pallida 14203 or A. angustissima 15132 at a ratio of 2:1. The level of supplementation was at 0.9% of LW on dry matter (DM) basis. The objectives of the experiment were to evaluate the effects of supplementation on feed intake, plasma activities of certain enzymes, daily LW and scrotal circumference gains. The crude protein (CP) content in the MPT leaves and their mixtures ranged between 21.6% and 27.8% of DM. Supplementation with mixtures of MPTs promoted higher organic matter (OM) (P 0.05) between treatments at the beginning and at the end of the experiment. It is concluded that supplementation with mixtures of MPTs promoted better utilization of nutrients and animal performance compared to sole MPTs or wheat bran in sheep fed on a basal diet of tef straw.
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supplementation of menz ewes with dried leaves of lablab purpureus or graded levels of leucaena pallida 14203 and sesbania sesban 1198 effects on feed intake live weight gain and estrous cycle
Animal Feed Science and Technology, 2004Co-Authors: Solomon Melaku, K J Peters, Azage TegegneAbstract:The research was conducted at the International Livestock Research Institute, Debre Zeit Research Station, which is situated in the central highlands of Ethiopia. Leaves of Lablab purpureus and the Multipurpose Trees (MPT), namely, Leucaena pallida 14203 and Sesbania sesban 1198 were harvested and dried in a shade at the research station. Seventy individually penned Menz ewes with a mean initial weight of 14.77±0.32 kg (mean±S.D.) were randomly assigned to seven treatments in a randomized block design. The ewes were supplemented daily with three levels of L. pallida 14203, namely, LP1 (8.3 g DM kg−1 LW), LP2 (11 g DM kg−1 LW), LP3 (13.3 g DM kg−1 LW); three levels of S. sesban 1198, namely, SS1 (8.2 g DM kg−1 LW), SS2 (10.9 g DM kg−1 LW), SS3 (13.3 g DM kg−1 LW) and one level of L. purpureus, LAB (10.5 g DM kg−1 LW), which was used as a control. The basal feed, chopped tef (Eragrostis tef) straw, mineral blocks and water were offered ad libitum. The feeding period lasted for 5 months. Body weight was measured fortnightly, and monitoring of estrus was conducted twice daily for 60 days by visual observation and using vasectomized rams. Contents of crude protein (CP) were lower, and that of neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and acid detergent lignin (ADL) were higher in L. purpureus compared to both MPTs. Soluble phenolics and condensed tannins were highest in L. pallida 14203, followed by S. sesban 1198 and least in L. purpureus. At equal levels of offer, digestible crude protein (DCP) intake was lower (P<0.001) in sheep supplemented with L. pallida 14203 than with S. sesban 1198 or L. purpureus. L. pallida 14203 was readily consumed, whereas animals on L. purpureus and higher levels of S. sesban 1198 had variable quantities of refusals. Supplementation with L. pallida 14203 compared to S. sesban 1198 resulted in higher proportions (P<0.01) of ewes manifesting estrus during the first estrous cycle. Manifestation of estrus was lower (P<0.05) in ewes supplemented with the highest level of S. sesban 1198 than the two lower levels in the first and in the overall mean of the three estrous cycles monitored. Daily live weight gain was higher when the animals were supplemented with S. sesban 1198 as opposed to L. pallida 14203 (P<0.05) or L. purpureus (P<0.01). It is concluded that anti-nutritional factors such as condensed tannins seem to play little role in limiting intake of L. pallida 14203 at all levels of supplementation maintained in this study, whereas some anti-nutritional factors in S. sesban 1198 may limit its intake at higher levels of offer. Moreover, supplementation with S. sesban 1198 had a negative influence on the reproduction of ewes by compromising manifestation of estrus when offered at the highest level of supplementation.
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in vitro and in situ evaluation of selected Multipurpose Trees wheat bran and lablab purpureus as potential feed supplements to tef eragrostis tef straw
Animal Feed Science and Technology, 2003Co-Authors: Solomon Melaku, K J Peters, Azage TegegneAbstract:In vitro and in situ evaluations of feed samples were carried out at Debre Zeit Research Station (Ethiopia) of the International Livestock Research Institute. The feed samples consisted of tef straw, wheat bran, dried Lablab purpureus, and dried foliage of the Multipurpose Trees (MPT), namely Sesbania sesban 1198, Sesbania sesban 15019, Acacia angustissima 15132, Leucaena pallida 14203, and mixtures of S. sesban 1198 + L. pallida 14203; S. sesban 15019 + L. pallida 14203; S. sesban 1198 + A.angustissima 15132; S. sesban 15019 + L. pallida 14203 at a ratio of 2:1. The objectives of the study were to assess the nutritive value of the feed samples and to also consider their potential as supplements to tef straw. The MPTs contained higher crude protein (CP) (216-278 g kg -1 dry matter (DM)), and lower neutral detergent fiber (NDF) (204-338 g kg -1 DM) than wheat bran and L. purpureus. Anti-nutritive factors such as soluble phenolics and fiber bound condensed tannins were high in A. angustissima 15132 and L. pallida 14203, respectively. Wheat bran produced significantly more gas (P < 0.001) than either sole or mixtures of MPTs, but the rate of gas production was significantly greater ( P < 0.001) for the MPTs than for wheat bran. Significantly lower (P < 0.05) extent and rate of gas production were observed in sole A. angustissima 15132 than in its mixtures with both accessions of S, sesban. L. pallida 14203 yielded significantly lower (P < 0.05) in vitro ammonia than its mixtures with both accessions of S. sesban. Sole L. pallida 14203 and A. angustissima 15132 had significantly lower (P < 0.05) in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD), in situ potential and effective degradability of DM and nitrogen (N) than their respective mixtures with both accessions of S. sesban. Acid detergent fiber (ADF) and NDF had a strong negative impact on the rapidly degradable and potential degradability of DM (P < 0.001), whereas neutral detergent fiber bound N (NDF-N) significantly limited (P < 0.05) the rate and effective degradability of DM, as well as the extent and rate of in vitro gas production. IVDMD was also negatively influenced by contents of NDF (P < 0.01), ADF and acid detergent lignin (ADL) (P < 0.05). In situ extent of DM degradability, potential and effective degradability of DM were positively correlated (P < 0.01) with IVDMD, and the rate of in vitro gas production was also positively correlated (P < 0.05) with the rate of in situ DM degradability. It is concluded that all the MATs and their mixtures have desirable characteristics as potential feed supplements to tef straw compared with wheat bran or L. purpureus. Within the MPTs, A. angustissima 15132 and L. pallida 14203 could be inferior supplements to tef straw compared to S. sesban 1198 or S. seshan 15019. However, mixing both accessions of S. Sesban with either A. angustissima 15132 or L. pallida 14203 has the potential of improving the utilization of the latter MPTs. Moreover, it is concluded that in vitro gas production, in situ DM degradation and IVDMD methods could be alternatively used to evaluate the nutritive value of feeds similar to those used in this study.
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in vitro and in situ evaluation of selected Multipurpose Trees wheat bran and lablab purpureus as potential feed supplements to tef eragrostis tef straw
Animal Feed Science and Technology, 2003Co-Authors: Solomon Melaku, K J Peters, Azage TegegneAbstract:Abstract In vitro and in situ evaluations of feed samples were carried out at Debre Zeit Research Station (Ethiopia) of the International Livestock Research Institute. The feed samples consisted of tef straw, wheat bran, dried Lablab purpureus, and dried foliage of the Multipurpose Trees (MPT), namely Sesbania sesban 1198, Sesbania sesban 15019, Acacia angustissima 15132, Leucaena pallida 14203, and mixtures of S. sesban 1198+L. pallida 14203; S. sesban 15019+L. pallida 14203; S. sesban 1198+A. angustissima 15132; S. sesban 15019+L. pallida 14203 at a ratio of 2:1. The objectives of the study were to assess the nutritive value of the feed samples and to also consider their potential as supplements to tef straw. The MPTs contained higher crude protein (CP) (216–278 g kg−1 dry matter (DM)), and lower neutral detergent fiber (NDF) (204–338 g kg−1 DM) than wheat bran and L. purpureus. Anti-nutritive factors such as soluble phenolics and fiber bound condensed tannins were high in A. angustissima 15132 and L. pallida 14203, respectively. Wheat bran produced significantly more gas (P
Pablo Tittonell - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Tropical forage technologies can deliver multiple benefits in Sub-Saharan Africa. A meta-analysis
Agronomy for Sustainable Development, 2020Co-Authors: Birthe K. Paul, Jessica Koge, Brigitte L. Maass, An Notenbaert, Michael Peters, Jeroen C.j. Groot, Pablo TittonellAbstract:Scarcity of quantity and quality feed has been a key constraint to productivity of smallholder crop-livestock systems. Tropical forages include a variety of annual and perennial grasses, herbaceous and dual-purpose legumes, and Multipurpose Trees and shrubs. They have been promoted in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) for increasing livestock productivity and household income through higher quantity and quality of herbage, while contributing to soil improvement and higher food crop yields. For the first time, we quantitatively reviewed 72 experimental studies from across SSA to take stock of geographical distribution and forage technology focus of past research; quantify magnitudes of multidimensional impacts of forage technologies; and present variability in forage agronomy data. Improved forage technologies were classified into four groups: (i) germplasm, (ii) management, (iii) cropping system integration, and (iv) feeding regime. Mean weighted response ratios were calculated from 780 pairs of observations for 13 indicators across the five impact dimensions. Improved forage germplasm had on average 2.6 times higher herbage productivity than local controls, with strongest effect in grasses. Feeding regimes with improved leguminous forages increased milk yield by on average 39%, dry matter intake by 25%, and manure production by 24%. When forage technologies were integrated with food crops, soil loss was almost halved, soil organic carbon increased on average by 10%, and grain and stover yields by 60% and 33%, respectively. This study demonstrates the central role improved forages could play in sustainable intensification of crop-livestock systems in SSA. It highlights the need for multidisciplinary and systems-level approaches and studies to quantify synergies and tradeoffs between impact dimensions. Further research is needed to explain forage agronomic yield variability, unraveling interactions between genotype, on-farm environmental conditions, and management factors. Results from this review can inform development programs, prioritizing technologies proven successful for dissemination and indicating magnitudes of expected impacts.
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multi criteria based plant species selection for gully and riverbank stabilization in a sub humid tropical area
Land Degradation & Development, 2017Co-Authors: Bert Reubens, Bart Muys, Ayalew Talema, Hirko Dibaba, Jan DielsAbstract:Selection of appropriate plant species for rehabilitation of degraded lands while fulfilling socio-economic interests of local communities is one of the decision-making challenges. This research was undertaken to select Multipurpose Trees, shrubs and grasses to stabilize degraded lands in the Gilgel Gibe catchment of Southwest Ethiopia, situated in the sub-humid tropics. Two Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) methods, Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Simple Multi-Attribute Rating Technique (SMART), integrated in the excel-based Multi Criteria Tree Selection tool (MCTS), were used. Focus group discussions were held with experts and local communities to prioritize 40 plant species from a preselected regional pool of 129 species, using six criteria groups containing 47 individual criteria. Root characteristics of the top 9 ranked plants were studied for triangulating the MCDA results. Both local communities and experts gave priority to indigenous Trees over shrubs and grasses as the best five species for Multipurpose use, whereas the top five species prioritized for riverbank stabilization contained both Trees and grasses. In contrast, communities preferred indigenous Trees and experts selected grasses as the best five species for gully stabilization. The root system characterization revealed that the 5 top-ranked Multipurpose species also have the required root characteristics for effectively reinforcing unstable slopes. However, communities prefer to plant Eucalyptus and Grevillea Trees due to their short term economic benefits though they understood the Multipurpose value of indigenous plants. The trade-off between direct economic benefit and Multipurpose benefits could be solved by awareness creation, incentives to communities and policy re-enforcement.
