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Paul M. Dolman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Deer abundance estimation at landscape-scales in heterogeneous forests
Basic and Applied Ecology, 2015Co-Authors: Kristin Wäber, Paul M. DolmanAbstract:Abstract Reliable estimates of deer abundance support effective management of source-sink population dynamics in complex landscapes and improve understanding of the relation between deer density and biodiversity impacts. Performance of distance sampling using thermal imaging of Reeves’ Muntjac Muntiacus reevesi and roe deer Capreolus capreolus was examined across 123 km 2 of conifer forest in Eastern England, sampling 1567 km in total. For Muntjac distance sampling was compared to estimates from drive counts in 2007. For each of three subsequent winters (2008–2010), we compared the magnitude and precision of forest-wide abundance estimated from analytical designs that: (i) ignored potential habitat-specific detectability, either with uneven or balanced sampling effort; (ii) controlled for sampling effort and/or density among seven forest blocks (mean = 18.8 km 2 ± 11.1 SD); (iii) accounted for potential movement prior detection; (iv) accounted for varying detectability among habitat classes (as a covariate), while controlling for differing densities among blocks. Detectability was further examined in models that stratified to estimate habitat-specific Effective Strip Width (ESW). Estimated Muntjac densities from distance sampling were of similar magnitude to estimates from drive counts. Over 2008–2010, we observed 1926 Muntjac and 921 roe groups; allowing robust abundance estimation and habitat-specific analysis. ESWs in open habitat were 31% and 27% greater than in mature and 45% and 46% greater than in dense habitat, for roe and Muntjac respectively. Although differences in densities among model designs were not large, ignoring block or habitat effects gave higher estimates, while models that accounted for habitat-specific detectability gave lower (−8%) and more precise (38% reduction in CV) estimates ( n = 3, Muntjac: 5.3–7.5% CV; roe deer: 8.8–12.6% CV). The similarity of density estimates between ungrouped and grouped data and analysis of behaviour of detected deer support the conclusion that distance estimates were not biased by avoidance. We conclude that distance sampling using thermal imaging is a robust and powerful method for estimating deer density. In heterogeneous forest density estimates will be improved by accounting for varying detectability among growth stages or habitats.
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population densities and habitat associations of introduced Muntjac muntiacus reevesi and native roe deer capreolus capreolus in a lowland pine forest
Forest Ecology and Management, 2005Co-Authors: Mahmoud R Hemami, A R Watkinson, Paul M. DolmanAbstract:Abstract Introduced Chinese Muntjac Muntiacus reevesi are increasing in numbers and range within England and are colonising habitats occupied by native roe deer. Effective management of impacts requires knowledge of deer numbers and habitat associations. Few published estimates of Muntjac numbers exist and habitat associations of this species are poorly known. Numbers of both Muntjac and roe deer were estimated in 185 km2 of lowland pine forest in eastern England, by standing crop pellet-group counts conducted in 217 plantation stands in February–March 2002. Estimated population density of Muntjac (mean ± 95% CI: 64 ± 13 km−2) exceeded that of roe deer (28 ± 6 km−2), giving forest population estimates of 11,900 ± 2370 and 5200 ± 1070, respectively. Sensitivity analysis incorporating different published values of defaecation rate of each species, gave mean density estimates ranging from 59 to 76 Muntjac km−2 and 25 to 33 roe deer km−2. The introduced species outnumber native roe deer two- to three-fold in this landscape. For both species, estimated numbers were approximately double subjective population assessments from deer managers, based on frequency of sightings. Both species attained high densities in pre-thicket and mature stands and used open re-stocked stands (aged 0–4 years) less than other growth stages. Muntjac also occurred at substantial densities in thicket and pole stages. Roe deer aggregated on bramble across all habitats, while Muntjac were positively associated with bramble in older stands (≥25 years). The two species showed substantial overlap in their use of growth stages (Pianka's index of overlap, O = 0. 93) and individual stands (O = 0.63). This supports proposals that inter-specific competition may occur between these two species. At a landscape scale, Muntjac density was higher in forest blocks with a greater ratio of open habitat perimeter to forest area; roe deer did not show this relationship. For both species, pellet-groups disappeared much faster than published estimates of decay rates previously used in designing pellet accumulation studies.
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the disappearance of Muntjac muntiacus reevesi and roe deer capreolus capreolus pellet groups in a pine forest of lowland england
European Journal of Wildlife Research, 2005Co-Authors: Mahmoud R Hemami, Paul M. DolmanAbstract:Reliable knowledge of the disappearance rate of faecal pellets is essential for converting pellet density to deer density when using standing-crop pellet-group counts. Disappearance of Muntjac and roe deer pellet groups was monitored in four growth stages of a pine forest of lowland England over a 15-month period. Time to disappearance of the pellet groups (days) of both species significantly differed between habitats and months; it was shorter in late summer to early autumn and in habitats with more ground vegetation. Muntjac pellet groups disappeared more quickly than roe deer pellet groups. Time to disappearance of roe deer pellet groups was negatively correlated with air and grass temperature in pre-thicket and pre-fell habitats, while time to disappearance of Muntjac pellet groups was negatively correlated with frequency of rainfall and positively correlated with the run of wind (air passage over a site within a 24-h period measured in km) in pre-thicket habitats. It is the time of the standing-crop pellet-group counts and the disappearance rate of pellet groups deposited in different months and habitats that determine the appropriate method for conversion of pellet-group density to deer density.
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habitat selection by sympatric Muntjac muntiacus reevesi and roe deer capreolus capreolus in a lowland commercial pine forest
Forest Ecology and Management, 2004Co-Authors: Mahmoud R Hemami, A R Watkinson, Paul M. DolmanAbstract:Understanding deer habitat use is important in predictive management of increasing deer populations and in assessing the potential for inter-specific competition, particularly between native and introduced species. Habitat usage by roe deer and introduced Chinese Muntjac was studied in a 1200 ha study area within Thetford Forest, a commercially managed coniferous forest in Eastern England. Habitat use was related to forest growth stage and vegetation composition by pellet-group clearance transects conducted every 2 months from March 2000 to March 2001. Higher densities of roe deer were found in young plantations, while Muntjac numbers were lower in open restocks and grassy areas and higher in older stands and areas with greater cover of bramble Rubus fruticosa agg. Overall, Muntjac showed greater habitat selectivity than roe deer. The overlap between the two species in use of individual stands (single, even-aged management compartments) was significantly lower than overlap in use of growth stages (consisting of many individual stands), suggesting ecological partitioning at finer spatial scales. However, overlap in habitat use as measured by Pianka’s index remained substantial at both scales (mean 0.40±0.16 S.D. for stands and 0.55±0.11 for growth stages). Habitat overlap was greatest in winter when both species aggregate on bramble. There is, therefore, potential for exploitation competition in the event of food scarcity.
Chyi-chyang Lin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Organization and evolution of a novel cervid satellite DNA with yeast CDEI-like repeats
Zoological Studies, 2014Co-Authors: Lei-jiau Hsieh, Ya-ming Cheng, Yi-chun Wang, Chyi-chyang LinAbstract:Background It has been proposed that pericentromeric satellite DNA arises from the progressive proximal expansion of ancient centromeric DNA. In an attempt to recover putative ancestral centromeric DNA, we microdissected the pericentromeric/centromeric DNA from the chromosome X + 3 of Indian Muntjac ( Muntiacus muntjak vaginalis ) and constructed a microclone-library of the X + 3 centromeric DNA. Results A new cervid satellite DNA element, designated as satellite VI, was isolated from this library. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) studies revealed that satellite VI is predominately located on the distal pericentromeric region of the Indian Muntjac chromosome X + 3 and on the pericentromeres of several Old World deer species studied. Its sequence is organized as 11-bp monomeric (ATCACGTGGGA) tandem repeats. Further sequencing on a BAC clone of Indian Muntjac harboring this repeat showed that an array of this repeat stretches over approximately 5 kb followed by approximately 3 kb of interspersed repetitive sequences, such as long interspersed elements (LINEs), short interspersed elements (SINEs), and long terminal repeats (LTRs). Conclusions Based on the chromosomal localization, genomic and sequence organization, and copy numbers of satellite VI in deer species studied, we postulate that this newly found satellite DNA could be a putative ancient cervidic centromeric DNA that is still preserved in some Old World deer. Interestingly, the first eight nucleotides of the 11-bp monomeric consensus sequences are highly conserved and identical to the CDEI element in the centromere of the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae . The centromeric/pericentromeric satellite DNA harboring abundant copies of CDEI sequences is the first found in a mammalian species. Several zipper-like d (GGGA)_2 motifs were also found in the (ATCACGTGGGA) n repeat of satellite VI DNA. Whether the satellite VI is structurally and functionally correlated with the CDEI of centromere of budding yeast and whether a zipper-like structure forms in satellite VI require further studies.
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Cervid satellite DNA and karyotypic evolution of Indian Muntjac
Genes & Genomics, 2012Co-Authors: Chyi-chyang LinAbstract:Five satellite DNA families (designated as satellite I–V) have been identified in the Cervidae so far. Among those, satellite I, II and IV are centromere specific. Satellite I and II are shared by large number of deer species, where satellite IV is highly conserved among several deer species examined. Satellite III was initially thought to be roe deer specific but later identified in Chinese water deer as well. SatelliteV is Y-chromosome specific for several Asian deer species examined but also found in the pericentric region of Indian Muntjac chromosome 3 and in X chromosome of Chinese water deer. The observation of interstitial hybridization sites on Indian Muntjac chromosomes with satellite DNA I probe generated from Chinese Muntjac provides the first molecular evidence supporting the tandem fusion theory that 2n=6♀/7♂of Indian Muntjac karyotype could derive from an ancestral Chinese Muntjac-like species with 2n=46. Interspecies chromosome painting study and the maximum number of interstitial hybridization detected with satellite I and satellite II DNA probes lend support to the hypothesis that the Indian Muntjac karyotype could evolve directly from an ancestral Chinese water deer-like species with 2n=70. Such hypothesis is further substantiated by the finding of satellite V signals presented in specific chromosome regions between the Chinese water deer and the Indian Muntjac chromosomes.
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Complex genomic organization of Indian Muntjac centromeric DNA
Chromosome Research, 2009Co-Authors: Ya-ming Cheng, Lie-jiau Hsieh, Pei-ching Hsu, Chyi-chyang LinAbstract:A 69-kb Indian Muntjac bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clone that screened positive for Cervid satellites I and IV was selected for complete sequence analysis and further characterization. The sequences of this BAC clone were found in the centromeres and in some interstitial sites of Indian Muntjac chromosomes. Sequence analyses showed that the BAC clone contained a 14.5 kb Cervid satellite I-like DNA element and a 9 kb Cervid satellite IV-like DNA element. In addition, it contained 51 regions each organized in a complex fashion, with sequences homology to intersperse repetitive sequences such as LINEs, SINEs, LTRs, other published DNA elements, and unassigned sequences. The FISH patterns of seven non-satellite sequence elements generated from the BAC clone showed mainly specific to centromeres of the Indian Muntjac representing novel centromeric DNAs of the species. Furthermore, FISH signals and Southern blot patterns of these elements suggest the existence of a not yet identified repetitive sequence with giant repeated monomers. Positive FISH signals of these elements were also detected in the centromeric regions of Formosan Muntjac. This suggests that these newly identified non-Cervid satellite DNA sequences have been conserved in the centromere of the Formosan Muntjac.
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Interstitial colocalization of two cervid satellite DNAs involved in the genesis of the Indian Muntjac karyotype
Chromosome Research, 2000Co-Authors: Charles Lee, Despina Sanoudou, Tzong-hsiung Hsu, Chyi-chyang LinAbstract:A number of repetitive DNA clones were generated from PCR amplifications of Indian Muntjac genomic DNA using primer sequences derived from a white tailed deer satellite II DNA sequence. One clone (Mmv-0.7) was characterized and shown to be a cervid satellite II DNA clone. Multiple colored FISH studies with cervid satellite I (C5) and this satellite II clone (Mmv-0.7) to Chinese Muntjac metaphase chromosomes localized both satellite DNAs at the pericentromeric regions of all chromosomes except for chromosome 3 and the Y chromosome, whereas chromosome 3 exhibited pericentromeric satellite II DNA only. Where distinguishable, the pericentromeric satellite II signals appeared terminally oriented with respect to satellite I. Six pairs of Chinese Muntjac autosomes had interstitial satellite I sites with four of these autosomal pairs (chromosomes 1, 2 and two other smaller autosomal pairs) also exhibiting interstitial satellite II signals. An interstitial site on the X chromosome was found to have satellite II signals. For the Indian Muntjac chromosomes, FISH studies revealed a pericentromeric hybridization for satellites I and II as well as 27 distinct interstitial hybridization sites, each having at least one of the satellite DNAs. These data were used to more precisely define the chromosome fusion-associated breakpoints that presumably led to the formation of the present-day Indian Muntjac karyotype. It further hints at the possibility that the Indian Muntjac karyotype may have evolved directly from a 2n=70 ancestral karyotype rather than from an intermediate 2n=46 Chinese Muntjac-like karyotype.
Mahmoud R Hemami - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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population densities and habitat associations of introduced Muntjac muntiacus reevesi and native roe deer capreolus capreolus in a lowland pine forest
Forest Ecology and Management, 2005Co-Authors: Mahmoud R Hemami, A R Watkinson, Paul M. DolmanAbstract:Abstract Introduced Chinese Muntjac Muntiacus reevesi are increasing in numbers and range within England and are colonising habitats occupied by native roe deer. Effective management of impacts requires knowledge of deer numbers and habitat associations. Few published estimates of Muntjac numbers exist and habitat associations of this species are poorly known. Numbers of both Muntjac and roe deer were estimated in 185 km2 of lowland pine forest in eastern England, by standing crop pellet-group counts conducted in 217 plantation stands in February–March 2002. Estimated population density of Muntjac (mean ± 95% CI: 64 ± 13 km−2) exceeded that of roe deer (28 ± 6 km−2), giving forest population estimates of 11,900 ± 2370 and 5200 ± 1070, respectively. Sensitivity analysis incorporating different published values of defaecation rate of each species, gave mean density estimates ranging from 59 to 76 Muntjac km−2 and 25 to 33 roe deer km−2. The introduced species outnumber native roe deer two- to three-fold in this landscape. For both species, estimated numbers were approximately double subjective population assessments from deer managers, based on frequency of sightings. Both species attained high densities in pre-thicket and mature stands and used open re-stocked stands (aged 0–4 years) less than other growth stages. Muntjac also occurred at substantial densities in thicket and pole stages. Roe deer aggregated on bramble across all habitats, while Muntjac were positively associated with bramble in older stands (≥25 years). The two species showed substantial overlap in their use of growth stages (Pianka's index of overlap, O = 0. 93) and individual stands (O = 0.63). This supports proposals that inter-specific competition may occur between these two species. At a landscape scale, Muntjac density was higher in forest blocks with a greater ratio of open habitat perimeter to forest area; roe deer did not show this relationship. For both species, pellet-groups disappeared much faster than published estimates of decay rates previously used in designing pellet accumulation studies.
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the disappearance of Muntjac muntiacus reevesi and roe deer capreolus capreolus pellet groups in a pine forest of lowland england
European Journal of Wildlife Research, 2005Co-Authors: Mahmoud R Hemami, Paul M. DolmanAbstract:Reliable knowledge of the disappearance rate of faecal pellets is essential for converting pellet density to deer density when using standing-crop pellet-group counts. Disappearance of Muntjac and roe deer pellet groups was monitored in four growth stages of a pine forest of lowland England over a 15-month period. Time to disappearance of the pellet groups (days) of both species significantly differed between habitats and months; it was shorter in late summer to early autumn and in habitats with more ground vegetation. Muntjac pellet groups disappeared more quickly than roe deer pellet groups. Time to disappearance of roe deer pellet groups was negatively correlated with air and grass temperature in pre-thicket and pre-fell habitats, while time to disappearance of Muntjac pellet groups was negatively correlated with frequency of rainfall and positively correlated with the run of wind (air passage over a site within a 24-h period measured in km) in pre-thicket habitats. It is the time of the standing-crop pellet-group counts and the disappearance rate of pellet groups deposited in different months and habitats that determine the appropriate method for conversion of pellet-group density to deer density.
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habitat selection by sympatric Muntjac muntiacus reevesi and roe deer capreolus capreolus in a lowland commercial pine forest
Forest Ecology and Management, 2004Co-Authors: Mahmoud R Hemami, A R Watkinson, Paul M. DolmanAbstract:Understanding deer habitat use is important in predictive management of increasing deer populations and in assessing the potential for inter-specific competition, particularly between native and introduced species. Habitat usage by roe deer and introduced Chinese Muntjac was studied in a 1200 ha study area within Thetford Forest, a commercially managed coniferous forest in Eastern England. Habitat use was related to forest growth stage and vegetation composition by pellet-group clearance transects conducted every 2 months from March 2000 to March 2001. Higher densities of roe deer were found in young plantations, while Muntjac numbers were lower in open restocks and grassy areas and higher in older stands and areas with greater cover of bramble Rubus fruticosa agg. Overall, Muntjac showed greater habitat selectivity than roe deer. The overlap between the two species in use of individual stands (single, even-aged management compartments) was significantly lower than overlap in use of growth stages (consisting of many individual stands), suggesting ecological partitioning at finer spatial scales. However, overlap in habitat use as measured by Pianka’s index remained substantial at both scales (mean 0.40±0.16 S.D. for stands and 0.55±0.11 for growth stages). Habitat overlap was greatest in winter when both species aggregate on bramble. There is, therefore, potential for exploitation competition in the event of food scarcity.
Harry Scherthan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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characterization of the telomere complex terf1 and terf2 genes in Muntjac species with fusion karyotypes
Experimental Cell Research, 2005Co-Authors: Nils Hartmann, Harry ScherthanAbstract:The telomere binding proteins TRF1 and TRF2 maintain and protect chromosome ends and confer karyotypic stability. Chromosome evolution in the genus Muntiacus is characterized by numerous tandem (end-to-end) fusions. To study TRF1 and TRF2 telomere binding proteins in Muntiacus species, we isolated and characterized the TERF1 and -2 genes from Indian Muntjac (Muntiacus muntjak vaginalis; 2n = 6 female) and from Chinese Muntjac (Muntiacus reveesi; 2n = 46). Expression analysis revealed that both genes are ubiquitously expressed and sequence analysis identified several transcript variants of both TERF genes. Control experiments disclosed a novel testis-specific splice variant of TERF1 in human testes. Amino acid sequence comparisons demonstrate that Muntiacus TRF1 and in particular TRF2 are highly conserved between Muntjac and human. In vivo TRF2-GFP and immuno-staining studies in Muntjac cell lines revealed telomeric TRF2 localization, while deletion of the DNA binding domain abrogated this localization, suggesting Muntjac TRF2 represents a functional telomere protein. Finally, expression analysis of a set of telomere-related genes revealed their presence in Muntjac fibroblasts and testis tissue, which suggests the presence of a conserved telomere complex in Muntjacs. However, a deviation from the common theme was noted for the TERT gene, encoding the catalytic subunit of telomerase; TERT expression could not be detected in Indian or Chinese Muntjac cDNA or genomic DNA using a series of conserved primers, while TRAP assay revealed functional telomerase in Chinese Muntjac testis tissues. This suggests Muntjacs may harbor a diverged telomerase sequence.
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assignment of the telomere repeat binding factor genes terf1 and terf2 to chinese Muntjac 2n 46 chromosome bands 12q3 and 2q33 by in situ hybridization
Cytogenetic and Genome Research, 2005Co-Authors: Niels Hartmann, Harry ScherthanAbstract:The TERF1 and TERF2 genes encode the telomere-repeat binding factors TRF1 and TRF2 that play a key role in maintenance and protection of chromosome ends (de Lange, 2002). The genus Muntiacus is characterized by drastic chromosomal rearrangements such as tandem and centric fusions (Hsu et al., 1975; Shi et al., 1980). While some Muntjac species display extremely low chromosome numbers (down to 2n = 6 in the Indian Muntjac; Scherthan, 2003), the Chinese Muntjac deer (Muntiacus reevesi) exhibits a chromosome number of 2n = 46 (Wurster and Benirschke, 1967). In search for a potential role of TRF1 and TRF2 in Muntjac karyotypic evolution, we isolated and mapped the Chinese Muntjac TERF1 and TERF2 genes.
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assignment of telomeric repeat binding factor genes terf1 and terf2 to indian Muntjac chromosome bands 1p32 and 2q33 by in situ hybridization
Cytogenetic and Genome Research, 2005Co-Authors: Niels Hartmann, Harry ScherthanAbstract:The TERF1 and TERF2 genes encode the telomeric repeat binding factor proteins TRF1 and TRF2 that are essential components of the nucleoprotein complex at the mammalian chromosome end (Chong et al., 1995; Bilaud et al., 1997; Broccoli et al., 1997). TRF1 and TRF2 play a key role in maintenance of telomeres and confer karyotypic stability by preventing endto-end fusions (reviewed by de Lange, 2002). The karyotype of the Indian Muntjac (Muntiacus muntjak vaginalis), which displays the lowest chromosome number among mammals (2n = 6Y, 7=; Wurster and Benirschke, 1970), was generated mostly by numerous tandem fusions (Hsu et al., 1975; Shi et al., 1980) within a relatively short evolutionary time (Wang and Lan, 2000). In an attempt to understand the mechanism of tandem fusion we isolated Indian Muntjac TERF1 and -2 genes and report their mapping. Materials and methods
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Characterization of ancestral chromosome fusion points in the Indian Muntjac deer
Chromosoma, 2004Co-Authors: Nils Hartmann, Harry ScherthanAbstract:Tandem fusion, a rare evolutionary chromosome rearrangement, has occurred extensively in Muntjac karyotypic evolution, leading to an extreme fusion karyotype of 6/7 (female/male) chromosomes in the Indian Muntjac. These fusion chromosomes contain numerous ancestral chromosomal break and fusion points. Here, we designed a composite polymerase chain reaction (PCR) strategy which recovered DNA fragments that contained telomere and Muntjac satellite DNA sequence repeats. Nested PCR confirmed the specificity of the products. Two-color fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with the repetitive sequences obtained and T_2AG_3 telomere probes showed co-localization of satellite and telomere sequences in Indian Muntjac chromosomes. Adjacent telomere and Muntjac satellite sequences were also seen by fiber FISH. These data lend support to the involvement of telomere and GC-rich satellite DNA sequences during Muntjac chromosome fusions.
Fengtang Yang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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RESEARCH ARTICLE Comparative
2014Co-Authors: Fengtang Yang, Wen WangAbstract:genomic analysis links karyotypic evolution with genomic evolution in the Indian Muntjac (Muntiacus muntjak vaginalis
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Dendrogram constructed using noncoding sequences of neo-Y and neo-X fragments
2011Co-Authors: Qi Zhou, Fengtang Yang, Jun Wang, Ling Huang, Wenhui Nie, Jinhuan Wang, Yan Liu, Xiangyi Zhao, Wen WangAbstract:A total of 35.1-kilobase noncoding sequences of neo-Y and neo-X alleles in the black Muntjac and the orthologous sequences in the Indian Muntjac as the outgroup were used to construct the dentrogram. 'BM' stands for 'male black Muntjac'; 'IM' stands for 'Indian Muntjac'; '1'and '2' represent the two male black Muntjac individuals separately. Tree constructed by neighbor-joining method. Branch lengths calculated using Kimura's two-parameter method are shown above the corresponding branches. Tree constructed by maximum likelihood method. Branch lengths calculated by baseml in PAML package using 'HKY85' method were shown above the corresponding branches.Copyright information:Taken from "Neo-sex chromosomes in the black Muntjac recapitulate incipient evolution of mammalian sex chromosomes"http://genomebiology.com/2008/9/6/R98Genome Biology 2008;9(6):R98-R98.Published online 14 Jun 2008PMCID:PMC2481430.
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Mutation in the promoter of gene severely causes downregulation of the neo-Y copy
2011Co-Authors: Qi Zhou, Fengtang Yang, Jun Wang, Ling Huang, Wenhui Nie, Jinhuan Wang, Yan Liu, Xiangyi Zhao, Wen WangAbstract:Dual-reporter assay of promoter activities of . Standard error among triplicates was shown on the bar.Copyright information:Taken from "Neo-sex chromosomes in the black Muntjac recapitulate incipient evolution of mammalian sex chromosomes"http://genomebiology.com/2008/9/6/R98Genome Biology 2008;9(6):R98-R98.Published online 14 Jun 2008PMCID:PMC2481430.
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2008 Zhou et Volume al. 9, Issue 6, Article R98 Open Access
2007Co-Authors: Qi Zhou, Fengtang Yang, Ling Huang, Wenhui Nie, Jinhuan Wang, Yan Liu, Xiangyi Zhao, Wen WangAbstract:Neo-sex chromosomes in the black Muntjac recapitulate incipient evolution of mammalian sex chromosome
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new insights into the karyotypic relationships of chinese Muntjac muntiacus reevesi forest musk deer moschus berezovskii and gayal bos frontalis
Cytogenetic and Genome Research, 2005Co-Authors: J Chi, W Nie, J Wang, A S Graphodatsky, Fengtang YangAbstract:To investigate the karyotypic relationships between Chinese Muntjac (Muntiacus reevesi), forest musk deer (Moschus berezovskii) and gayal (Bos frontalis), a complete set of Chinese Muntjac chromosome-specific painting probes has been assigned to G-banded chromosomes of these three species. Sixteen autosomal probes (i.e. 6-10, 12-22) of the Chinese Muntjac each delineated one pair of conserved segments in the forest musk deer and gayal, respectively. The remaining six autosomal probes (1-5, and 11) each delineated two to five pairs of conserved segments. In total, the 22 autosomal painting probes of Chinese Muntjac delineated 33 and 34 conserved chromosomal segments in the genomes of forest musk deer and gayal, respectively. The combined analysis of comparative chromosome painting and G-band comparison reveals that most interspecific homologous segments show a high degree of conservation in G-banding patterns. Eleven chromosome fissions and five chromosome fusions differentiate the karyotypes of Chinese Muntjac and forest musk deer; twelve chromosome fissions and six fusions are required to convert the Chinese Muntjac karyotype to that of gayal; one chromosome fission and one fusion separate the forest musk deer and gayal. The musk deer has retained a highly conserved karyotype that closely resembles the proposed ancestral pecoran karyotype but shares none of the rearrangements characteristic for the Cervidae and Bovidae. Our results substantiate that chromosomes 1-5 and 11 of Chinese Muntjac originated through exclusive centromere-to-telomere fusions of ancestral acrocentric chromosomes.
