The Experts below are selected from a list of 228 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Susumu Kuraishi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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fruit softening in banana correlation among stress relaxation parameters cell wall components and starch during ripening
Physiologia Plantarum, 1994Co-Authors: Kiyohide Kojima, Naoki Sakurai, Susumu KuraishiAbstract:Bananas, Musa (AAA Group, Cavendish subGroup) ‘Giant Cavendish’, were ripened in a biotron at 25°C with ethylene during 4 days. Changes in mechanical properties of pulp were detected by a stress-relaxation technique. The decrease in T0, the parameter for minimum stress-relaxation time, began between day 0.5 and 1, while the decrease in initial stress began between day 0 and 0.5, suggesting that the decrease in elasticity and viscosity of pulp is a crucial physical event of pulp softening. Cellulose and moisture contents were about 3 and 780 mg (g fresh weight)−1, respectively, which were unchanged during ripening. The decrease in starch content of cell materials and in uronic acid content of the pectic polysaccharides of the cell walls began between day 0.5 and 1. As regards the sugar composition of the hemicellulose fraction, decreases in arabinose, mannose and galactose contents began between day 0 and 0.5. The results show that the partial decrease in hemicelluloses preceded the breakdown of starch and suggest that the coordinated degradation of pectic and hemicellulosic polysaccharides and starch is the main cause for the pulp softening process.
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Fruit softening in banana: correlation among stress‐relaxation parameters, cell wall components and starch during ripening
Physiologia Plantarum, 1994Co-Authors: Kiyohide Kojima, Naoki Sakurai, Susumu KuraishiAbstract:Bananas, Musa (AAA Group, Cavendish subGroup) ‘Giant Cavendish’, were ripened in a biotron at 25°C with ethylene during 4 days. Changes in mechanical properties of pulp were detected by a stress-relaxation technique. The decrease in T0, the parameter for minimum stress-relaxation time, began between day 0.5 and 1, while the decrease in initial stress began between day 0 and 0.5, suggesting that the decrease in elasticity and viscosity of pulp is a crucial physical event of pulp softening. Cellulose and moisture contents were about 3 and 780 mg (g fresh weight)−1, respectively, which were unchanged during ripening. The decrease in starch content of cell materials and in uronic acid content of the pectic polysaccharides of the cell walls began between day 0.5 and 1. As regards the sugar composition of the hemicellulose fraction, decreases in arabinose, mannose and galactose contents began between day 0 and 0.5. The results show that the partial decrease in hemicelluloses preceded the breakdown of starch and suggest that the coordinated degradation of pectic and hemicellulosic polysaccharides and starch is the main cause for the pulp softening process.
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Physical measurement of firmness of banana fruit pulp: determination of optimum conditions for measurement
Postharvest Biology and Technology, 1992Co-Authors: K. Kojima, Naoki Sakurai, Susumu Kuraishi, Ryoichi Yamamoto, Akitsugu InabaAbstract:Abstract Stress-relaxation curves were obtained by plunging a conical probe into the pulp of green and yellow banana fruits [ Musa (AAA Group, Cavendish subGroup) ‘Giant Cavendish’]. Three stress-relaxation parameters, minimum stress-relaxation time ( T 0 ), relaxation rate ( R ), and maximum stress-relaxation time ( T m ), were calculated from the stress-relaxation curve. Plunging depth and plunging speed varied the parameters. When parameters were fixed, with a plunging speed of 0.5 mm/s and the plunging depth of 0.6 mm, the yellow bananas showed significantly lower T 0 and T m than green bananas. The lower, T 0 and T m can predict the degradation of polymers responsible for the pulp texture. Measurements of stress-relaxation parameters in different parts of banana pulp revealed that the physical properties were not uniform within the same fruit.
Naoki Sakurai - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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fruit softening in banana correlation among stress relaxation parameters cell wall components and starch during ripening
Physiologia Plantarum, 1994Co-Authors: Kiyohide Kojima, Naoki Sakurai, Susumu KuraishiAbstract:Bananas, Musa (AAA Group, Cavendish subGroup) ‘Giant Cavendish’, were ripened in a biotron at 25°C with ethylene during 4 days. Changes in mechanical properties of pulp were detected by a stress-relaxation technique. The decrease in T0, the parameter for minimum stress-relaxation time, began between day 0.5 and 1, while the decrease in initial stress began between day 0 and 0.5, suggesting that the decrease in elasticity and viscosity of pulp is a crucial physical event of pulp softening. Cellulose and moisture contents were about 3 and 780 mg (g fresh weight)−1, respectively, which were unchanged during ripening. The decrease in starch content of cell materials and in uronic acid content of the pectic polysaccharides of the cell walls began between day 0.5 and 1. As regards the sugar composition of the hemicellulose fraction, decreases in arabinose, mannose and galactose contents began between day 0 and 0.5. The results show that the partial decrease in hemicelluloses preceded the breakdown of starch and suggest that the coordinated degradation of pectic and hemicellulosic polysaccharides and starch is the main cause for the pulp softening process.
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Fruit softening in banana: correlation among stress‐relaxation parameters, cell wall components and starch during ripening
Physiologia Plantarum, 1994Co-Authors: Kiyohide Kojima, Naoki Sakurai, Susumu KuraishiAbstract:Bananas, Musa (AAA Group, Cavendish subGroup) ‘Giant Cavendish’, were ripened in a biotron at 25°C with ethylene during 4 days. Changes in mechanical properties of pulp were detected by a stress-relaxation technique. The decrease in T0, the parameter for minimum stress-relaxation time, began between day 0.5 and 1, while the decrease in initial stress began between day 0 and 0.5, suggesting that the decrease in elasticity and viscosity of pulp is a crucial physical event of pulp softening. Cellulose and moisture contents were about 3 and 780 mg (g fresh weight)−1, respectively, which were unchanged during ripening. The decrease in starch content of cell materials and in uronic acid content of the pectic polysaccharides of the cell walls began between day 0.5 and 1. As regards the sugar composition of the hemicellulose fraction, decreases in arabinose, mannose and galactose contents began between day 0 and 0.5. The results show that the partial decrease in hemicelluloses preceded the breakdown of starch and suggest that the coordinated degradation of pectic and hemicellulosic polysaccharides and starch is the main cause for the pulp softening process.
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Physical measurement of firmness of banana fruit pulp: determination of optimum conditions for measurement
Postharvest Biology and Technology, 1992Co-Authors: K. Kojima, Naoki Sakurai, Susumu Kuraishi, Ryoichi Yamamoto, Akitsugu InabaAbstract:Abstract Stress-relaxation curves were obtained by plunging a conical probe into the pulp of green and yellow banana fruits [ Musa (AAA Group, Cavendish subGroup) ‘Giant Cavendish’]. Three stress-relaxation parameters, minimum stress-relaxation time ( T 0 ), relaxation rate ( R ), and maximum stress-relaxation time ( T m ), were calculated from the stress-relaxation curve. Plunging depth and plunging speed varied the parameters. When parameters were fixed, with a plunging speed of 0.5 mm/s and the plunging depth of 0.6 mm, the yellow bananas showed significantly lower T 0 and T m than green bananas. The lower, T 0 and T m can predict the degradation of polymers responsible for the pulp texture. Measurements of stress-relaxation parameters in different parts of banana pulp revealed that the physical properties were not uniform within the same fruit.
Andrew D. W. Geering - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Analysis of the distribution and structure of integrated Banana streak virus DNA in a range of Musa cultivars.
Molecular plant pathology, 2001Co-Authors: Andrew D. W. Geering, Neil E. Olszewski, Ganesh Dahal, J. E. Thomas, Benham E LockhartAbstract:Summary Banana streak virus strain OL (BSV-OL) commonly infects new Musa hybrids, and this infection is thought to arise de novo from integrated virus sequences present in the nuclear genome of the plant. Integrated DNA (Musa6+8 sequence) containing the whole genome of the virus has previously been cloned from cv. Obino l’Ewai (Musa AAB Group), a parent of many of the hybrids. Using a Southern blot hybridization assay, we have examined the distribution and structure of integrated BSV-OL sequences in a range of Musa cultivars. For cv. Obino l’Ewai, almost every restriction fragment hybridizing to BSV-OL was predicted from the Musa6+8 sequence, suggesting that this is the predominant type of BSV-OL integrant in the genome. Furthermore, since only two junction fragments of Musa/BSV sequence were detected, and the Musa6+8 sequence is believed to be integrated as multiple copies in a tandem array, then the internal Musa spacer sequences must be highly conserved. Similarly sized restriction fragments were detected in four BB Group cultivars, but not in six AA or AAA Group cultivars, suggesting that the BSV-OL sequences are linked to the B-genome of Musa. We also provide evidence that cv. Williams (Musa AAA Group) contains a distinct badnavirus integrant that is closely related to the ‘dead’ virus integrant previously characterized from Calcutta 4 (Musa acuminata ssp. burmannicoides). Our results suggest that the virus integrant from cv. Williams is linked to the A-genome, and the complexity of the hybridization patterns suggest multiple sites of integration and/or variation in sequence and structure of the integrants.
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The effect of Banana streak virus on the growth and yield of dessert bananas in tropical Australia.
Annals of Applied Biology, 2001Co-Authors: J. W. Daniells, Andrew D. W. Geering, N. J. Bryde, John E. ThomasAbstract:We have examined the effect of a strain of Banana streak virus (BSV-Cav) on the growth and yield of dessert bananas (Musa AAA Group, Cavendish subGroup cv. Williams) in north Queensland, Australia. Healthy and infected plants were compared in a replicated field experiment over plant and first ratoon crops. In both crops, symptom expression followed a similar pattern, increasing to a maximum near the estimated time of bunch initiation, then decreasing in the period prior to bunch emergence. There was no evidence of plant-to-plant spread of virus, but the rate of transmission through suckers was 100%. In the plant crop, the mean bunch weights of healthy and infected plants were not significantly different. However, BSV-Cav infection resulted in an 18 day delay in harvest, causing a 6% reduction in yield per annum. In the ratoon crop, the mean bunch weight of infected plants was 7% less than that of healthy plants, and the interval between the harvest of plant and ratoon crops was delayed by 9 days, resulting in a 11% reduction in yield per annum. Also, the mean length of fruit from infected plants was 5% less than that of healthy plants, resulting in a smaller percentage of fruit in the extra large size category. We conclude that in horticulturally favourable conditions typical of the tropical Australian banana industry, the effects of BSV-Cav infection on the growth and yield of Cavendish bananas are small.
Irénée Kamdem - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Letter to editor-Comparative biochemical analysis after steam pretreatments of lignocellulosic biomass from six combined morphological parts of Williams Cavendish banana plant (Triploid Musa AAA Group)
Waste Management & Research, 2015Co-Authors: Irénée KamdemAbstract:[en] The accessibility of fermentable substrates to enzymes is a limiting factor for the efficient bioconversion of agricultural wastes in the context of sustainable development. This paper presents the results of a biochemical analysis performed on Williams Cavendish Lignocellulosic Biomass (WCLB) after steam cracking (SC) and steam explosion (SE) pretreatments. Solid (S) and liquid (L) fractions (Fs) obtained from SC pretreatment performed at 180^circC (SLFSC180) and 210^circC (SLFSC210) generated, after diluted acid hydrolysis, the highest proportions of neutral sugar (NS) contents, specifically 52.82pm 3.51 and 49.78pm 1.39 %w/w WCLB's dry matter (DM), respectively. The highest proportions of glucose were found in SFSC210 (53.56pm 1.33 %w/w DM) and SFSC180 (44.47pm 0.00 %w/w DM), while the lowest was found in unpretreated WCLB (22.70pm 0.71 %w/w DM). Total NS content assessed in each LF immediately after SC and SE pretreatments was less than 2 %w/w of the LF's DM, thus revealing minor acid autohydrolysis consequently leading to minor NS production during the steam pretreatment. WCLB subjected to SC at 210^circC (SC210) generated up to 2.7-fold bioaccessible glucan and xylan. SC and SE pretreatments showed potential for the deconstruction of WCLB (delignification, depolymerisation, decrystallization and deacetylation), enhancing its enzymatic hydrolysis. The concentrations of enzymatic inhibitors such as 2-furfuraldehyde and 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural from LFSC210 were the highest (41 and 21 mu g mL-1, respectively). This study shows that steam pretreatments in general and SC210 in particular are required for efficient bioconversion of WCLB. Yet, biotransformation through biochemical processes (e.g., anaerobic digestion) must be performed to assess the efficiency of these pretreatments.
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Comparative biochemical analysis after steam pretreatment of lignocellulosic agricultural waste biomass from Williams Cavendish banana plant (Triploid Musa AAA Group)
Waste Management and Research, 2015Co-Authors: Irénée Kamdem, Florian Mathias Tiappi, Serge Hiligsmann, Nicolas Jacquet, Caroline Vanderghem, Aurore Richel, Philippe Jacques, Philippe ThonartAbstract:The accessibility of fermentable substrates to enzymes is a limiting factor for the efficient bioconversion of agricultural wastes in the context of sustainable development. This paper presents the results of a biochemical analysis performed on six combined morphological parts of Williams Cavendish Lignocellulosic Biomass (WCLB) after steam cracking (SC) and steam explosion (SE) pretreatments. Solid (S) and liquid (L) fractions (Fs) obtained from SC pretreatment performed at 180°C (SLFSC180) and 210°C (SLFSC210) generated, after diluted acid hydrolysis, the highest proportions of neutral sugar (NS) contents, specifically 52.82 ± 3.51 and 49.78 ± 1.39 %w/w WCLB dry matter (DM), respectively. The highest proportions of glucose were found in SFSC210 (53.56 ± 1.33 %w/w DM) and SFSC180 (44.47 ± 0.00 %w/w DM), while the lowest was found in unpretreated WCLB (22.70 ± 0.71 %w/w DM). Total NS content assessed in each LF immediately after SC and SE pretreatments was less than 2 %w/w of the LF DM, thus revealing minor acid autohydrolysis consequently leading to minor NS production during the steam pretreatment. WCLB subjected to SC at 210°C (SC210) generated up to 2.7-fold bioaccessible glucan and xylan. SC and SE pretreatments showed potential for the deconstruction of WCLB (delignification, depolymerization, decrystallization and deacetylation), enhancing its enzymatic hydrolysis. The concentrations of enzymatic inhibitors, such as 2-furfuraldehyde and 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural from LFSC210, were the highest (41 and 21 µg ml(-1), respectively). This study shows that steam pretreatments in general and SC210 in particular are required for efficient bioconversion of WCLB. Yet, biotransformation through biochemical processes (e.g., anaerobic digestion) must be performed to assess the efficiency of these pretreatments.
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Comparative biochemical analysis during the anaerobic digestion of lignocellulosic biomass from six morphological parts of Williams Cavendish banana (Triploid Musa AAA Group) plants
World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 2013Co-Authors: Irénée Kamdem, Serge Hiligsmann, Caroline Vanderghem, Igor Bilik, Michel Paquot, Philippe ThonartAbstract:We studied banana lignocellulosic biomass (BALICEBIOM) that is abandoned after fruit harvesting, and assessed its biochemical methane potential, because of its potential as an energy source. We monitored biogas production from six morphological parts (MPs) of the “Williams Cavendish” banana cultivar using a modified operating procedure (KOP) using KOH. Volatile fatty acid (VFA) production was measured using high performance liquid chromatography. The bulbs, leaf sheaths, petioles–midribs, leaf blades, rachis stems, and floral stalks gave total biogas production of 256, 205, 198, 126, 253, and 221 ml g^−1 dry matter, respectively, and total biomethane production of 150, 141, 127, 98, 162, and 144 ml g^−1, respectively. The biogas production rates and yields depended on the biochemical composition of the BALICEBIOM and the ability of anaerobic microbes to access fermentable substrates. There were no significant differences between the biogas analysis results produced using KOP and gas chromatography. Acetate was the major VFA in all the MP sample culture media. The bioconversion yields for each MP were below 50 %, showing that these substrates were not fully biodegraded after 188 days. The estimated electricity that could be produced from biogas combustion after fermenting all of the BALICEBIOM produced annually by the Cameroon Development Corporation–Del Monte plantations for 188 days is approximately 10.5 × 10^6 kW h (which would be worth 0.80–1.58 million euros in the current market). This bioenergy could serve the requirements of about 42,000 people in the region, although CH_4 productivity could be improved.
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wastes of banana s lignocellulosic biomass a sustainable and renewable source of biogas production
2013Co-Authors: Irénée Kamdem, Serge Hiligsmann, Caroline Vanderghem, Igor Bilik, Michel Paquot, Philippe ThonartAbstract:[en] We highlight in this poster, the results of biogas production and biochemical analysis based on the anaerobic digestion of each type of the lignocellulosic waste from a banana cultivar (Williams Cavendish: triploid Musa AAA Group). These wastes are usually abandoned in the plantation after the fruits have been harvested. There is great interest in obtaining energy from this generally neglected biomaterial, particularly in the contexts of global warming and sustainable development.
Kiyohide Kojima - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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fruit softening in banana correlation among stress relaxation parameters cell wall components and starch during ripening
Physiologia Plantarum, 1994Co-Authors: Kiyohide Kojima, Naoki Sakurai, Susumu KuraishiAbstract:Bananas, Musa (AAA Group, Cavendish subGroup) ‘Giant Cavendish’, were ripened in a biotron at 25°C with ethylene during 4 days. Changes in mechanical properties of pulp were detected by a stress-relaxation technique. The decrease in T0, the parameter for minimum stress-relaxation time, began between day 0.5 and 1, while the decrease in initial stress began between day 0 and 0.5, suggesting that the decrease in elasticity and viscosity of pulp is a crucial physical event of pulp softening. Cellulose and moisture contents were about 3 and 780 mg (g fresh weight)−1, respectively, which were unchanged during ripening. The decrease in starch content of cell materials and in uronic acid content of the pectic polysaccharides of the cell walls began between day 0.5 and 1. As regards the sugar composition of the hemicellulose fraction, decreases in arabinose, mannose and galactose contents began between day 0 and 0.5. The results show that the partial decrease in hemicelluloses preceded the breakdown of starch and suggest that the coordinated degradation of pectic and hemicellulosic polysaccharides and starch is the main cause for the pulp softening process.
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Fruit softening in banana: correlation among stress‐relaxation parameters, cell wall components and starch during ripening
Physiologia Plantarum, 1994Co-Authors: Kiyohide Kojima, Naoki Sakurai, Susumu KuraishiAbstract:Bananas, Musa (AAA Group, Cavendish subGroup) ‘Giant Cavendish’, were ripened in a biotron at 25°C with ethylene during 4 days. Changes in mechanical properties of pulp were detected by a stress-relaxation technique. The decrease in T0, the parameter for minimum stress-relaxation time, began between day 0.5 and 1, while the decrease in initial stress began between day 0 and 0.5, suggesting that the decrease in elasticity and viscosity of pulp is a crucial physical event of pulp softening. Cellulose and moisture contents were about 3 and 780 mg (g fresh weight)−1, respectively, which were unchanged during ripening. The decrease in starch content of cell materials and in uronic acid content of the pectic polysaccharides of the cell walls began between day 0.5 and 1. As regards the sugar composition of the hemicellulose fraction, decreases in arabinose, mannose and galactose contents began between day 0 and 0.5. The results show that the partial decrease in hemicelluloses preceded the breakdown of starch and suggest that the coordinated degradation of pectic and hemicellulosic polysaccharides and starch is the main cause for the pulp softening process.
