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Manuel Ruedi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Cytonuclear discordance and the species status of Myotis Myotis and Myotis blythii (Chiroptera)
Zoologica Scripta, 2014Co-Authors: Andrzej Furman, Tomasz Postawa, Justyna Bachanek, Emrah Çoraman, Yalin Emek Çelik, Manuel RuediAbstract:We used both highly variable mitochondrial and nuclear loci to investigate the large mouse-eared bat species complex in the Western Palaearctic to clarify their systematic position. Although mitochondrial lineages show no species segregation and some haplotypes are shared between Myotis Myotis and Myotis blythii sensu lato, Bayesian clustering methods based on multilocus genotypes indicate highly concordant nuclear and morphological species assignment. These multilocus, nuclear analyses detected only a single putative F1 hybrid in the extensive areas of sympatry sampled, thus confirming the biological species status of M. Myotis and M. blythii s.l. We propose that the strong cytonuclear discordance in these species complex results from a combination of prior spatial isolation of the two species in different glacial refugia, followed by a succession of mitochondrial introgression events that occurred during the eastward and westward expansions of M. Myotis and of M. blythii, respectively. The nuclear markers further indicate the presence of a notable genetic discontinuity within M. Myotis that broadly separates populations into an eastern and a western component with an overlap zone in the Balkans. This eastern and western discontinuity is also apparent in the mitochondrial lineages with the D haplogroup largely confined to samples found in Thrace and Asia Minor. None of these genetic discontinuities correspond to the distribution of the two commonly recognized M. Myotis subspecies (Myotis and macrocephalicus). We also show that distinct morphological subspecies within M. blythii (oxygnathus, omari, risorius and lesviacus) in Europe and the near-East do not correlate with significant evolutionarily units, whether identified by mitochondrial or nuclear data and thus only represent local morphological variants with little taxonomic relevance.
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molecular phylogenetics of Myotis indicate familial level divergence for the genus cistugo chiroptera
Journal of Mammalogy, 2010Co-Authors: Justin B Lack, Zachary P Roehrs, Craig E Stanley, Manuel Ruedi, Ronald A Van Den BusscheAbstract:The genus Myotis has undergone significant taxonomic revision since the advent of DNA sequencing techniques. Prior morphological examination of Myotis has indicated as many as 4 subgenera correlated with foraging strategies. Recent studies using mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequence data have questioned the validity of these subgenera and have indicated that several taxa may require reevaluation as to their position within Vespertilionidae. Nevertheless, no study has used large-scale nuclear DNA sequencing to examine relationships within Myotis. We generated 4,656 base pairs (bp) of nuclear intron (PRKC1, STAT5A, and THY) and exon (APOB, DMP1, and RAG2) sequence data in addition to 2,866 bp of mtDNA sequence data to test previously hypothesized subgeneric groupings of Myotis. We included 21 species of Myotis from all morphological subgenera previously suggested, representatives of all subfamilies and tribes currently recognized in Vespertilionidae, and multiple representatives of all other families currently included in the superfamily Vespertilionoidea. We also included a representative of the rare African genus Cistugo, because significant doubt exists about its familial position. Our phylogenetic analyses did not support the morphologically defined Myotis subgenera and confirm that morphological similarities among Myotis are the result of convergent evolution. Divergence estimates derived from the total data set were concordant with previous studies, suggesting a middle Miocene trans-Beringian dispersal from Asia colonized North America, with subsequent South American colonization and diversification prior to the formation of the Isthmus of Panama 3–4 million years ago. Myotis latirostris fell outside of Myotis, and the high genetic distance separating it from other Myotis suggested that M. latirostris represented a distinct genus. The genus Cistugo, previously a subgenus within Myotis, fell basal to all vespertilionids, with a high genetic distance separating it from Vespertilionidae. We conclude that Cistugo should constitute a distinct family within Vespertilionoidea. DOI: 10.1644/09-MAMM-A-192.1.
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taxonomy skull diversity and evolution in a species complex of Myotis chiroptera vespertilionidae a geometric morphometric appraisal
Biological Journal of The Linnean Society, 2008Co-Authors: Allowen Evin, Manuel Ruedi, Michel Baylac, Mauro Mucedda, Jeanmarc PonsAbstract:Phylogenetic relationships between taxa are not necessarily reflected by morphological data due to widespread homoplasy and convergence. However, combining morphological and molecular data provides insights into the evolution of biological forms and into the potential factors involved. Here we focus on a complex of three taxa of bats with unclear taxonomic affinities: Myotis Myotis, Myotis blythii and Myotis punicus. Traditional morphometric methods failed to separate them, whereas recent molecular-based studies suggested that they constitute separate biological species. In the present study, landmark-based geometric morphometrics methods have been used to analyse the skull variability of 218 specimens belonging to this species complex. Patterns of size and shape delimitate three morphological groups that are congruent with the proposed taxonomic assignments, and therefore support species rank for all three major groups. These morphometrics results, however, suggest that M. Myotis and M. punicus share shape characteristics in the rostrum and in the posterior part of the skull that differ from M. blythii. Because previous molecular phylogenetic analyses suggested that M. Myotis and M. blythii are sister species, we interpret the similitude in skull morphology between M. Myotis and M. punicus as a convergence probably related to their similar feeding habits. Within the taxon M. punicus, the skull of Corsican and Sardinian populations significantly differs from that of Maghrebian ones, suggesting the existence of further cryptic taxonomic diversity. © 2008 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2008, 95, 529–538.
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Recurrent replacement of mtDNA and cryptic hybridization between two sibling bat species Myotis Myotis and Myotis blythii
Proceedings. Biological sciences, 2006Co-Authors: Pierre Berthier, Laurent Excoffier, Manuel RuediAbstract:The two sibling bat species Myotis Myotis and Myotis blythii occur in sympatry over wide areas of Southern and Central Europe. Morphological, ecological and previous genetic evidence supported the view that the two species constitute two well-differentiated groups, but recent phylogenetic analyses have shown that the two species share some mtDNA haplotypes when they occur in sympatry. In order to see whether some genetic exchange has occurred between the two species, we sequenced a highly variable segment of the mitochondrial control region in both species living in sympatry and in allopatry. We also analysed the nuclear diversity of 160 individuals of both species found in two mixed nursery colonies located north and south of the Alps. MtDNA analysis confirmed that European M. blythii share multiple, identical or very similar haplotypes with M. Myotis. Since allopatric Asian M. blythii presents mtDNA sequences that are very divergent from those of the two species found in Europe, we postulate that the mitochondrial genome of the European M. blythii has been replaced by that of M. Myotis. The analysis of nuclear diversity shows a strikingly different pattern, as both species are well differentiated within mixed nursery colonies (FSTZ0.18). However, a Bayesian analysis of admixture reveals that the hybrids can be frequently observed, as about 25% of sampled M. blythii show introgressed genes of M. Myotis origin. In contrast, less than 4% of the M. Myotis analysed were classified as non-parental genotypes, revealing an asymmetry in the pattern of hybridization between the two species. These results show that the two species can interbreed and that the hybridization is still ongoing in the areas of sympatry. The persistence of well-differentiated nuclear gene pools, in spite of an apparent replacement of mitochondrial genome in European M. blythii by that of M. Myotis, is best explained by a series of introgression events having occurred repeatedly during the recent colonization of Europe by M. blythii from Asia. The sharp contrast obtained from the analysis of mitochondrial and nuclear markers further points to the need to cautiously interpret results based on a single class of genetic markers.
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phylogeny of african Myotis bats chiroptera vespertilionidae inferred from cytochrome b sequences
Acta Chiropterologica, 2004Co-Authors: David S Jacobs, Benoît Stadelmann, Corrie Schoeman, Manuel RuediAbstract:The genus Myotis is comprised of about 100 species that are unequally distributed between the Northern (81% of the species) and the Southern hemisphere (19% of the species). Only eight species of Myotis occur in the Ethiopian region, but this is the only biogeographic region with representatives of all four classical subgenera, suggesting a diverse assemblage of morphotypes. We used sequences of a mitochondrial DNA gene (cyt b) to investigate the evolution and the phylogenetic position of seven of the eight Ethiopian species, and compared them to a broad sampling of Myotis from the World and of other vespertilionids. Phylogenetic reconstruction was based on 91 complete sequences representing 79 species of bats. The two endemic southern African species of the subgenus Cistugo were not placed within the genus Myotis, but were basal to the vespertilionid radiation, as suggested by earlier work based on karyology. The remaining Ethiopian species formed a strong monophyletic clade within Myotis, further stressing the importance of biogeography as a good predictor of phylogenetic relationships. This Ethiopian clade includes one Western Palaearctic and one Oriental species, both of which probably secondarily colonized these areas from the Ethiopian region. Molecular dating based on Bayesian inferences suggest that these faunal exchanges occurred at the end of the Miocene, while the split of the Ethiopian clade from the other Old World Myotis dates back to the middle Miocene, quite early in the Myotis radiation. Thus, the relative paucity of species in sub-Saharan Africa cannot be attributed to a late entry into this continent. Instead, these molecular results suggest that other evolutionary processes are responsible for the poor species diversity of Myotis found in Africa today.
Marianne Volleth - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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description of a cryptic species spinturnix bechsteini n sp acari mesostigmata spinturnicidae parasite of Myotis bechsteinii kuhl 1817 chiroptera vespertilionidae by using ecoethology of host bats and statistical methods
Journal of Medical Entomology, 2004Co-Authors: Jean Deunff, Gottfried Walter, Alain Bellido, Marianne VollethAbstract:Using ecoethology of bats and statistical methods, we anticipate the evidence of specific species of spinturnicids associated with Myotis Myotis and Myotis bechsteinii (Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae) mixed colonies are unknown. Traditional description of this new crpytic species Spinturnix bechsteini, parasite of M. bechsteinii, is done. Statistical approach is based on analysis of variance and principal component analysis. The current knowledge on parasites of the genus Myotis in the West Palearctic subregion is presented.
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cryptic mammalian species a new species of whiskered bat Myotis alcathoe n sp in europe
Naturwissenschaften, 2001Co-Authors: O Von Helversen, Klausgerhard Heller, Frieder Mayer, A Nemeth, Marianne Volleth, P GombkotoAbstract:The analysis of morphological, behavioural and genetic characters of whiskered bats revealed a new European bat species within the family Vespertilionidae. We describe the morphology, karyology, genetic similarity, ecology and distribution of Myotis alcathoe n. sp. It closely resembles Myotis mystacinus, Myotis brandtii and Myotis ikonnikovi in morphology, but all four species show clear genetic differences in two mitochondrial genes (ND1 and 12S rRNA). Myotis alcathoe n. sp. is the smallest species among the European whiskered bats and uses the highest-frequency echolocation calls of all the European Myotis species. It prefers to hunt in small valleys with deciduous trees and flowing water, which is an endangered habitat. Records from Greece and Hungary indicate a distribution range in south-eastern Europe.
Tomasz Postawa - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Bartonella and Rickettsia Infections in Haematophagous Spinturnix myoti Mites (Acari: Mesostigmata) and their Bat Host, Myotis Myotis (Yangochiroptera: Vespertilionidae), from Poland
Microbial Ecology, 2019Co-Authors: Agnieszka Szubert-kruszyńska, Joanna Stańczak, Stella Cieniuch, Edyta Podsiadły, Tomasz Postawa, Jerzy MichalikAbstract:Hematophagous Spinturnix myoti mites and their host, the greater mouse-eared bat ( Myotis Myotis ), were tested for the presence of Bartonella spp., Rickettsia spp., and Anaplasma phagocytophilum . In total, Bartonella spp. DNA was amplified in 28% of 134 mite pools and in 25% of 59 bats tested by PCR targeting a fragment of citrate synthase gltA gen. Adult mites were at least threefold more frequently infected compared to immature stages. The overall infection prevalence among mite pools from cave-dwelling bats was higher than for those collected from attic shelters. Three distinct genotypes were detected. The most prevalent genotype in mites and bats matched closely with Candidatus Bartonella hemsundetiensis identified in bats from Finland and was relatively distant from bat-borne Bartonella strains described in the UK and France. Importantly, most sequences were close to those reported in forest workers from Poland. The presence of identical genotype among S. myoti samples and M. Myotis bats suggests that bartonellae can be shared between mites and their bat hosts. In this case, wing mites could serve as vectors, whereas their hosts as reservoirs. One blood sample was positive by PCR for the msp2 gene of A. phagocytophilum . Two mite pools yielded Rickettsia spp. DNA. Both sequences were distinct from any known species but can be classified as spotted fever group Rickettsia spp. Our findings expanded our knowledge on the role of spinturnicid mites in the ecology and epidemiology of bacterial infections associated with vespertilionid bats, especially regarding the genus Bartonella .
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Correction to: Bartonella and Rickettsia Infections in Haematophagous Spinturnix myoti Mites (Acari: Mesostigmata) and their Bat Host, Myotis Myotis (Yangochiroptera: Vespertilionidae), from Poland
Microbial ecology, 2018Co-Authors: Agnieszka Szubert-kruszyńska, Joanna Stańczak, Stella Cieniuch, Edyta Podsiadły, Tomasz Postawa, Jerzy MichalikAbstract:Hematophagous Spinturnix myoti mites and their host, the greater mouse-eared bat (Myotis Myotis), were tested for the presence of Bartonella spp., Rickettsia spp., and Anaplasma phagocytophilum. In total, Bartonella spp. DNA was amplified in 28% of 134 mite pools and in 25% of 59 bats tested by PCR targeting a fragment of citrate synthase gltA gen. Adult mites were at least threefold more frequently infected compared to immature stages. The overall infection prevalence among mite pools from cave-dwelling bats was higher than for those collected from attic shelters. Three distinct genotypes were detected. The most prevalent genotype in mites and bats matched closely with Candidatus Bartonella hemsundetiensis identified in bats from Finland and was relatively distant from bat-borne Bartonella strains described in the UK and France. Importantly, most sequences were close to those reported in forest workers from Poland. The presence of identical genotype among S. myoti samples and M. Myotis bats suggests that bartonellae can be shared between mites and their bat hosts. In this case, wing mites could serve as vectors, whereas their hosts as reservoirs. One blood sample was positive by PCR for the msp2 gene of A. phagocytophilum. Two mite pools yielded Rickettsia spp. DNA. Both sequences were distinct from any known species but can be classified as spotted fever group Rickettsia spp. Our findings expanded our knowledge on the role of spinturnicid mites in the ecology and epidemiology of bacterial infections associated with vespertilionid bats, especially regarding the genus Bartonella.
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Cytonuclear discordance and the species status of Myotis Myotis and Myotis blythii (Chiroptera)
Zoologica Scripta, 2014Co-Authors: Andrzej Furman, Tomasz Postawa, Justyna Bachanek, Emrah Çoraman, Yalin Emek Çelik, Manuel RuediAbstract:We used both highly variable mitochondrial and nuclear loci to investigate the large mouse-eared bat species complex in the Western Palaearctic to clarify their systematic position. Although mitochondrial lineages show no species segregation and some haplotypes are shared between Myotis Myotis and Myotis blythii sensu lato, Bayesian clustering methods based on multilocus genotypes indicate highly concordant nuclear and morphological species assignment. These multilocus, nuclear analyses detected only a single putative F1 hybrid in the extensive areas of sympatry sampled, thus confirming the biological species status of M. Myotis and M. blythii s.l. We propose that the strong cytonuclear discordance in these species complex results from a combination of prior spatial isolation of the two species in different glacial refugia, followed by a succession of mitochondrial introgression events that occurred during the eastward and westward expansions of M. Myotis and of M. blythii, respectively. The nuclear markers further indicate the presence of a notable genetic discontinuity within M. Myotis that broadly separates populations into an eastern and a western component with an overlap zone in the Balkans. This eastern and western discontinuity is also apparent in the mitochondrial lineages with the D haplogroup largely confined to samples found in Thrace and Asia Minor. None of these genetic discontinuities correspond to the distribution of the two commonly recognized M. Myotis subspecies (Myotis and macrocephalicus). We also show that distinct morphological subspecies within M. blythii (oxygnathus, omari, risorius and lesviacus) in Europe and the near-East do not correlate with significant evolutionarily units, whether identified by mitochondrial or nuclear data and thus only represent local morphological variants with little taxonomic relevance.
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is parasite load dependent on host aggregation size the case of the greater mouse eared bat Myotis Myotis mammalia chiroptera and its parasitic mite spinturnix myoti acari gamasida
Parasitology Research, 2014Co-Authors: Tomasz Postawa, Agnieszka SzubertkruszynskaAbstract:The risk of parasite infection grows with the size of host aggregations, which, in turn, may also depend on host sex and age and the quality of environmental resources. Herein, we studied the relationship between ectoparasitic infections with the wing mite (Spinturnix myoti) and the size of the breeding colonies, sex, age, and body condition index (BCI) of its host, the greater mouse-eared bat (Myotis Myotis). The influence of environmental quality in the Carpathian Mountains (Poland) was also examined. We found significant differences in mite abundance and BCI between different breeding aggregations of the greater mouse-eared bat and also between the host sex/age categories. The most heavily infected bats were adult M. Myotis females, while young males appeared to be the least infected. The BCI differed significantly between the sexes in young bats (males had a higher BCI than females) and also between colonies. No significant differences in the BCI were found for adult females. We did not find any relationship between the infestation rate of M. Myotis, their colony size, the quality of environmental resources (percentage of forest cover around the colony), or the BCI. The prevalence of the various developmental stages of the mites did not differ between the host sex/age categories; however, differences were found in the sex ratios of deutonymphs and adult mites between adult M. Myotis females. We predict that parasite load may not be dependent on colony size itself, but mainly on microclimatic factors, which are in turn directly correlated with colony size.
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Morphological Evidence for Hybridization in the Sister Species Myotis Myotis and Myotis oxygnathus (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) in the Carpathian Basin
Acta Chiropterologica, 2010Co-Authors: Justyna Bachanek, Tomasz PostawaAbstract:A recent molecular-based study suggested that two sister species of mouse-eared bats (Myotis Myotis and M. oxygnathus) share some mtDNA haplotypes when they occur in sympatry. We used traditional morphometric methods in order to find potential hybrid specimens. Multivariate morphometric analysis of 22 cranial and dental characters was applied to a sample of 298 adult specimens of mouse-eared bats (Myotis Myotis and M. oxygnathus) from their sympatric range in the Carpathian Basin. Additionally, we included several juvenile exemplars of both species in order to exclude the treatment of juvenile specimens as individuals with intermediate characteristics. Principal Component Analyses (PCA) and Discriminant Function Analysis (DFA) revealed a distinct separation between specimens of M. Myotis and M. oxygnathus, with 6 specimens in an intermediate position. All intermediate specimens come from the contact area of M. Myotis and M. oxygnathus. A subsequent detailed analysis showed that intermediate specimens are similar to M. Myotis in skull and mandible size, but with tooth-row size similar to M. oxygnathus. An analogous situation has been described in several species of small mammals. Bats designated as intermediate are probable hybrids, i.e. their phenotypes lay between the parental forms.
Jerzy Michalik - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Bartonella and Rickettsia Infections in Haematophagous Spinturnix myoti Mites (Acari: Mesostigmata) and their Bat Host, Myotis Myotis (Yangochiroptera: Vespertilionidae), from Poland
Microbial Ecology, 2019Co-Authors: Agnieszka Szubert-kruszyńska, Joanna Stańczak, Stella Cieniuch, Edyta Podsiadły, Tomasz Postawa, Jerzy MichalikAbstract:Hematophagous Spinturnix myoti mites and their host, the greater mouse-eared bat ( Myotis Myotis ), were tested for the presence of Bartonella spp., Rickettsia spp., and Anaplasma phagocytophilum . In total, Bartonella spp. DNA was amplified in 28% of 134 mite pools and in 25% of 59 bats tested by PCR targeting a fragment of citrate synthase gltA gen. Adult mites were at least threefold more frequently infected compared to immature stages. The overall infection prevalence among mite pools from cave-dwelling bats was higher than for those collected from attic shelters. Three distinct genotypes were detected. The most prevalent genotype in mites and bats matched closely with Candidatus Bartonella hemsundetiensis identified in bats from Finland and was relatively distant from bat-borne Bartonella strains described in the UK and France. Importantly, most sequences were close to those reported in forest workers from Poland. The presence of identical genotype among S. myoti samples and M. Myotis bats suggests that bartonellae can be shared between mites and their bat hosts. In this case, wing mites could serve as vectors, whereas their hosts as reservoirs. One blood sample was positive by PCR for the msp2 gene of A. phagocytophilum . Two mite pools yielded Rickettsia spp. DNA. Both sequences were distinct from any known species but can be classified as spotted fever group Rickettsia spp. Our findings expanded our knowledge on the role of spinturnicid mites in the ecology and epidemiology of bacterial infections associated with vespertilionid bats, especially regarding the genus Bartonella .
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Correction to: Bartonella and Rickettsia Infections in Haematophagous Spinturnix myoti Mites (Acari: Mesostigmata) and their Bat Host, Myotis Myotis (Yangochiroptera: Vespertilionidae), from Poland
Microbial ecology, 2018Co-Authors: Agnieszka Szubert-kruszyńska, Joanna Stańczak, Stella Cieniuch, Edyta Podsiadły, Tomasz Postawa, Jerzy MichalikAbstract:Hematophagous Spinturnix myoti mites and their host, the greater mouse-eared bat (Myotis Myotis), were tested for the presence of Bartonella spp., Rickettsia spp., and Anaplasma phagocytophilum. In total, Bartonella spp. DNA was amplified in 28% of 134 mite pools and in 25% of 59 bats tested by PCR targeting a fragment of citrate synthase gltA gen. Adult mites were at least threefold more frequently infected compared to immature stages. The overall infection prevalence among mite pools from cave-dwelling bats was higher than for those collected from attic shelters. Three distinct genotypes were detected. The most prevalent genotype in mites and bats matched closely with Candidatus Bartonella hemsundetiensis identified in bats from Finland and was relatively distant from bat-borne Bartonella strains described in the UK and France. Importantly, most sequences were close to those reported in forest workers from Poland. The presence of identical genotype among S. myoti samples and M. Myotis bats suggests that bartonellae can be shared between mites and their bat hosts. In this case, wing mites could serve as vectors, whereas their hosts as reservoirs. One blood sample was positive by PCR for the msp2 gene of A. phagocytophilum. Two mite pools yielded Rickettsia spp. DNA. Both sequences were distinct from any known species but can be classified as spotted fever group Rickettsia spp. Our findings expanded our knowledge on the role of spinturnicid mites in the ecology and epidemiology of bacterial infections associated with vespertilionid bats, especially regarding the genus Bartonella.
Seungwoo Lee - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Myotis rufoniger genome sequence and analyses m rufoniger s genomic feature and the decreasing effective population size of Myotis bats
PLOS ONE, 2017Co-Authors: Youngjune Bhak, Yeonsu Jeon, Sungwon Jeon, Oksung Chung, Sungwoong Jho, Jehoon Jun, Hakmin Kim, Yongsoo Cho, Changhan Yoon, Seungwoo LeeAbstract:Myotis rufoniger is a vesper bat in the genus Myotis. Here we report the whole genome sequence and analyses of the M. rufoniger. We generated 124 Gb of short-read DNA sequences with an estimated genome size of 1.88 Gb at a sequencing depth of 66× fold. The sequences were aligned to M. brandtii bat reference genome at a mapping rate of 96.50% covering 95.71% coding sequence region at 10× coverage. The divergence time of Myotis bat family is estimated to be 11.5 million years, and the divergence time between M. rufoniger and its closest species M. davidii is estimated to be 10.4 million years. We found 1,239 function-altering M. rufoniger specific amino acid sequences from 929 genes compared to other Myotis bat and mammalian genomes. The functional enrichment test of the 929 genes detected amino acid changes in melanin associated DCT, SLC45A2, TYRP1, and OCA2 genes possibly responsible for the M. rufoniger’s red fur color and a general coloration in Myotis. N6AMT1 gene, associated with arsenic resistance, showed a high degree of function alteration in M. rufoniger. We further confirmed that the M. rufoniger also has bat-specific sequences within FSHB, GHR, IGF1R, TP53, MDM2, SLC45A2, RGS7BP, RHO, OPN1SW, and CNGB3 genes that have already been published to be related to bat’s reproduction, lifespan, flight, low vision, and echolocation. Additionally, our demographic history analysis found that the effective population size of Myotis clade has been consistently decreasing since ~30k years ago. M. rufoniger’s effective population size was the lowest in Myotis bats, confirming its relatively low genetic diversity.
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Myotis rufoniger genome sequence and analyses m rufoniger s genomic feature and the decreasing effective population size of Myotis bats
bioRxiv, 2017Co-Authors: Youngjune Bhak, Yeonsu Jeon, Sungwon Jeon, Oksung Chung, Sungwoong Jho, Jehoon Jun, Hakmin Kim, Yongsoo Cho, Changhan Yoon, Seungwoo LeeAbstract:Myotis rufoniger is a vesper bat in the genus Myotis. Here we report the whole genome sequence and analyses of the M. rufoniger. We generated 124 Gb of short-read DNA sequences with an estimated genome size of 1.88 Gb at a sequencing depth of 66× fold. The sequences were aligned to M. brandtii bat reference genome at a mapping rate of 96.50% covering 95.71% coding sequence region at 10× coverage. The divergence time of Myotis bat family is estimated to be 11.5 million years, and the divergence time between M. rufoniger and its closest species M. davidii is estimated to be 10.4 million years. We found 1,239 function-altering M. rufoniger specific amino acid sequences from 929 genes compared to other Myotis bat and mammalian genomes. The functional enrichment test of the 929 genes detected amino acid changes in melanin associated DCT, SLC45A2, TYRP1, and OCA2 genes possibly responsible for the M. rufoniger9s red fur color and a general coloration in Myotis. N6AMT1 gene, associated with arsenic resistance, showed a high degree of function alteration in M. rufoniger. We further confirmed that M. rufoniger also has bat-specific sequences within FSHB, GHR, IGF1R, TP53, MDM2, SLC45A2, RGS7BP, RHO, OPN1SW, and CNGB3 genes that have already been published to be related to bat9s reproduction, lifespan, flight, low vision, and echolocation. Additionally, our demographic history analysis found that the effective population size of Myotis clade has been consistently decreasing since ~30k years ago. M. rufoniger9s effective population size was the lowest in Myotis bats, confirming its relatively low genetic diversity.
